數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢中英文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、外文原文二NC technology development trends1 NC system developments at home and abroad With the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional beginning of a fundamental change manufacturing, the industrial developed countries spent huge sums of money on the modern manufacturing technology rese

2、arch and development, to create a new model. In modern manufacturing systems, CNC technology is the key to technology, which combines microelectronics, computers, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control, such as the integration of advanced, a high-precision, high-efficiency, f

3、lexible automation, and other characteristics, the manufacturing industry Flexible automation, integrated, intelligent play the pivotal role. At present, NC technology is undergoing a fundamental change, from a special closed-loop control mode to general-purpose real-time dynamic open all closed-loo

4、p control mode. In the integrated on the basis of the CNC systems ultra-thin, ultra-light; on the basis of the intelligent, integrated computers, multimedia, fuzzy control, neural network and other technical disciplines, NC system to achieve high-speed, high-precision, Efficient control, automatic p

5、rocessing can be amended to regulate compensation and the parameters for an online intelligent fault diagnosis and treatment of the network based on the CAD / CAM and CNC systems integration as one machine network, makes the central government centralized control of the group control processing. For

6、 a long time, Chinas CNC system for traditional closed architecture, but only as a non-intelligent CNC machine controller. Process variables based on experience in the form of pre-fixed parameters, processing procedures before the actual processing by hand or through CAD / CAM and automatic programm

7、ing system prepared. CAD / CAM and CNC have no feedback control link, the entire manufacturing process CNC is a closed ring-opening implementing agencies. In a complex and changing environment under the conditions of processing tool in the process of composition, workpiece material, spindle speed, f

8、eed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step, allowance and other processing parameters, not at the scene circumstances under external interference and real-time dynamic random factors, not by random amendment feedback control link CAD / CAM settings volume, in turn, affect the work of CNC machining eff

9、iciency and product quality. Clearly, the traditional fixed CNC system that controlled mode and closed architecture, limiting the CNC to the development of more intelligent control variables, can no longer meet the increasingly complex manufacturing process, therefore, the CNC technology in the pote

10、ntial for change inevitable. 2 NC technology development trends 2.1 Performance development direction (1) high-speed high-precision efficient speed, accuracy and efficiency of machinery manufacturing technology is the key performance indicators. As a result of the high-speed CPU chips, RISC chip, as

11、 well as multi-CPU control system with high-resolution detector of the absolute exchange digital servo system, taken at the same time improve the machine dynamic and static characteristics of effective measures, the high-speed high-precision machine has been efficient greatly enhanced. (2) Flexible

12、includes two aspects: CNC system itself flexibility, NC system is modular in design, functional coverage, can be cut and strong, and easy to meet the needs of different users; group control system flexibility, with a control system pursuant to the requirements of different production processes, mate

13、rials flow and information flow automatically dynamically adjusted to maximize their group control system performance. (3) Process of composite and multi-axis to reduce the process time for the main purpose of supporting the composite processing, and are moving towards multi-axis, multi-function con

14、trol of the direction of series development. NC Machine Tool Technology composite refers to the workpiece in a single machine on a fixture, through an automatic tool change, rotating spindle head or turntable, and other measures to accomplish multiple processes, multi-surface machining compound. Axi

15、s CNC technology, Siemens 880-axis control system for up to 24 axes. (4) Real-time Intelligent early for the real-time system is usually relatively simple ideal environment, and its role is to scheduling tasks, to ensure that the task be completed within a specified time limit. And artificial intell

16、igence is used to model the realization of mankinds various intelligent behaviors. To the development of science and technology today, real-time systems and artificial intelligence combined with each other towards artificial intelligence is a real-time response, a more realistic field of development

17、, and also in the real-time system with intelligent behavior, the more complex application development, resulting in the Intelligent real-time control of this new area. NC technology in the field, real-time intelligent control of the research and application of development along several main branche

18、s: adaptive control, fuzzy control, neural network control, experts control, learning control, feed-forward control. For example, in CNC programming system with expert systems, fault diagnosis expert system parameters automatically set and tool management and automatic compensation, such as adaptive

19、 conditioning systems, in high-speed processing of the integrated motion control ahead of the introduction of budget projections and functional, dynamic Feedforward functions in pressure, temperature, position, velocity, control, fuzzy control, the control of the NC system performance greatly improv

20、ed, so as to achieve optimal control purposes. 2.2 functional development direction (1) The user interface is graphical user interface with the CNC system of dialogue between the user interface. Since different users interface requirements are different, thus the development of the workload of great

21、 user interface, user interface software developed into the most difficult part of. At present INTERNET, virtual reality, visualization in scientific computing and multimedia technologies, such as the user interface has put a higher demand. Graphical user interface greatly facilitates the use of non

22、-professional users, it can be carried out through the window and menu operation, ease of programming and blueprint for rapid programming, three-dimensional dynamic three-dimensional color graphics, graphics, simulation, graphics, dynamic tracking and simulation, and the different directions view an

23、d partial display ratio scaling function can be achieved. (2) visualization in scientific computing visualization in scientific computing can be used for efficient data processing and interpretation of data, so that the exchange of information is no longer limited to using the written word and langu

24、age, and can direct the use of graphics, image, animation, video and other information. Visualization technology and virtual environment technology, to further broaden the application areas, such as a drawing design, virtual prototyping technology, which shorten product design cycles, improving prod

25、uct quality, reduce production cost is of great significance. NC technology in the areas of visualization technology can be used for CAD / CAM, such as automatic programming design parameters automatically set, tool compensation and tool management of dynamic data processing and display, as well as

26、the processing of visual simulation, and other presentations. (3) interpolation, and a variety of methods of compensation interpolation methods such as multiple linear interpolation, circular interpolation, cylindrical interpolation, space elliptical surface interpolation, thread interpolation, pola

27、r coordinates interpolation, 2 D +2 helical interpolation , NANO interpolation, interpolation NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline interpolation), spline interpolation (A, B, C kind), such as polynomial interpolation. A variety of functions such as compensation gap compensation vertical compensation

28、 quadrant error compensation, and measurement systems pitch error compensation, and speed-related feedforward compensation and temperature compensation, with nearly smooth and exit, as well as the opposite point of the cutter radius compensation. (4) high-performance PLC contents contents performanc

29、e CNC system PLC control module can be directly used ladder diagram or high-level language programming, with intuitive online debugging and online help function. Programming tools include the standard used lathe and milling machine PLC user program an example, users may PLC user program standards on

30、 the basis of editorial changes, thus easily build their own applications. (5) application of multimedia technology of multimedia technology-computers, audio-visual and communication technology, and it has the computer integrated voice, text, images and video information. In NC technology, multimedi

31、a technology can be applied to information processing integrated, intelligent, real-time monitoring system in the field and production equipment fault diagnosis, monitoring of process parameters such as production has a significant value. 2.3 Development of the Architecture (1) integration of a high

32、ly integrated CPU, programmable RISC chips and large-scale integrated circuits FPGA, EPLD, CPLD and ASIC ASIC chips that can improve the CNC system integration and hardware and software operating speed. Application FPD flat panel display technology can improve display performance. Flat-panel display

33、s with high science and technology content, light weight, small size, low power consumption and portability advantages can be realized Supersized, a counterweight to the emerging and CRT display technology, display technology in the 21st century the mainstream. Application of advanced packaging and

34、interconnect technologies, semiconductors and surface mount technology integration. By increasing the density of integrated circuits, reducing the length and number of interconnection products to reduce prices, improve performance, reduce component size, improve the reliability of the system. (2) ea

35、sy to implement modular hardware modular NC systems integration and standardization. According to various functional requirements, the basic modules, such as CPU, memory, position servo, PLC, the input and output interfaces, and communications modules, making the standard Series products, through fu

36、nctional building-block approach to cutting the number of steps and modules, a NC system at different grades. (3) machine interconnection network for remote control of unmanned operation. Machine through networking, can be in any one machine on the other machine programming, configuration, operation

37、, operating, different machine can be displayed on the screen each machine on the screen. (4) general-open the closed-loop control mode to adopt a common computer component Bus, modular, open, embedded architecture, ease of cutting, expansion and upgrading, can be composed of different grades, diffe

38、rent types, different degree of integration CNC system. Closed-loop control mode is the traditional CNC system only for single closed-open-loop control mode proposed. The manufacturing process is a multi-variable control and the role of integrated processing complex process, including processing, su

39、ch as size, shape, vibration, noise, temperature and thermal deformation, and other factors, therefore, to achieve the process of multi-objective optimization, Multivariable must adopt the closed-loop control, real-time processing in the dynamic adjustment process variables. Processing the adoption

40、of open universal real-time closed-loop control mode the whole dynamic, easy real-time intelligent computer technology, network technology, multimedia technology, CAD / CAM, servo control, adaptive control, dynamic data management and dynamic tool compensation, dynamic simulation and other high tech

41、nology into one, a tight closed-loop manufacturing process control system to achieve integrated, intelligent, network-based. 3 PCNC new generation of intelligent CNC system Research and Development adapted to the current complexity of the manufacturing process, with the structure of the closed-loop

42、control system, a new generation of intelligent PCNC CNC system has become possible. PCNC NC intelligent system will be a new generation of intelligent computer technology, network technology, CAD / CAM, servo control, adaptive control, dynamic data management and dynamic tool compensation, dynamic

43、simulation and other high technology into one, a tight closure of the manufacturing process Central control system.外文翻譯二數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢1國內(nèi)外數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展概況隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)開始了根本性變革，各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家投入巨資，對現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究開發(fā)，提出了全新的制造模式。在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)控技術(shù)是關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，它集微電子、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息處理、自動(dòng)檢測、自動(dòng)控制等高新技術(shù)于一體，具有高精度、高效率、柔性自動(dòng)化等特點(diǎn)，對制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性自動(dòng)化、集成化、智能化起著舉足輕

44、重的作用。目前，數(shù)控技術(shù)正在發(fā)生根本性變革，由專用型封閉式開環(huán)控制模式向通用型開放式實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式發(fā)展。在集成化基礎(chǔ)上，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了超薄型、超小型化；在智能化基礎(chǔ)上，綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、多媒體、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多學(xué)科技術(shù)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速、高精、高效控制，加工過程中可以自動(dòng)修正、調(diào)節(jié)與補(bǔ)償各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在線診斷和智能化故障處理；在網(wǎng)絡(luò)化基礎(chǔ)上，CAD/CAM與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)集成為一體，機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中央集中控制的群控加工。長期以來，我國的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為傳統(tǒng)的封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu)，CNC只能作為非智能的機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)控制器。加工過程變量根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以固定參數(shù)形式事先設(shè)定，加工程序在實(shí)際加工前用手工方式或通過

45、CAD/CAM及自動(dòng)編程系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編制。CAD/CAM和CNC之間沒有反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)，整個(gè)制造過程中CNC只是一個(gè)封閉式的開環(huán)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。在復(fù)雜環(huán)境以及多變條件下，加工過程中的刀具組合、工件材料、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速率、刀具軌跡、切削深度、步長、加工余量等加工參數(shù)，無法在現(xiàn)場環(huán)境下根據(jù)外部干擾和隨機(jī)因素實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，更無法通過反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)隨機(jī)修正CAD/CAM中的設(shè)定量，因而影響CNC的工作效率和產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量。由此可見，傳統(tǒng)CNC系統(tǒng)的這種固定程序控制模式和封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu)，限制了CNC向多變量智能化控制發(fā)展，已不適應(yīng)日益復(fù)雜的制造過程，因此，對數(shù)控技術(shù)實(shí)行變革勢在必行。 2數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢2.1性能發(fā)展

46、方向(1)高速高精高效化速度、精度和效率是機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)。由于采用了高速CPU芯片、RISC芯片、多CPU控制系統(tǒng)以及帶高分辨率絕對式檢測元件的交流數(shù)字伺服系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)采取了改善機(jī)床動(dòng)態(tài)、靜態(tài)特性等有效措施，機(jī)床的高速高精高效化已大大提高。(2)柔性化包含兩方面：數(shù)控系統(tǒng)本身的柔性，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，功能覆蓋面大，可裁剪性強(qiáng)，便于滿足不同用戶的需求；群控系統(tǒng)的柔性，同一群控系統(tǒng)能依據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)流程的要求，使物料流和信息流自動(dòng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，從而最大限度地發(fā)揮群控系統(tǒng)的效能。(3)工藝復(fù)合性和多軸化以減少工序、輔助時(shí)間為主要目的的復(fù)合加工，正朝著多軸、多系列控制功能方向發(fā)展。數(shù)控機(jī)床

47、的工藝復(fù)合化是指工件在一臺機(jī)床上一次裝夾后，通過自動(dòng)換刀、旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸頭或轉(zhuǎn)臺等各種措施，完成多工序、多表面的復(fù)合加工。數(shù)控技術(shù)軸，西門子880系統(tǒng)控制軸數(shù)可達(dá)24軸。(4)實(shí)時(shí)智能化早期的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)通常針對相對簡單的理想環(huán)境，其作用是如何調(diào)度任務(wù)，以確保任務(wù)在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)完成。而人工智能則試圖用計(jì)算模型實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的各種智能行為?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展到今天，實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)和人工智能相互結(jié)合，人工智能正向著具有實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)的、更現(xiàn)實(shí)的領(lǐng)域發(fā)展，而實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)也朝著具有智能行為的、更加復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用發(fā)展，由此產(chǎn)生了實(shí)時(shí)智能控制這一新的領(lǐng)域。在數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，實(shí)時(shí)智能控制的研究和應(yīng)用正沿著幾個(gè)主要分支發(fā)展：自適應(yīng)控制、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

48、控制、專家控制、學(xué)習(xí)控制、前饋控制等。例如在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中配備編程專家系統(tǒng)、故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)、參數(shù)自動(dòng)設(shè)定和刀具自動(dòng)管理及補(bǔ)償?shù)茸赃m應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，在高速加工時(shí)的綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)控制中引入提前預(yù)測和預(yù)算功能、動(dòng)態(tài)前饋功能，在壓力、溫度、位置、速度控制等方面采用模糊控制，使數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制性能大大提高，從而達(dá)到最佳控制的目的。2.2功能發(fā)展方向(1)用戶界面圖形化用戶界面是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)與使用者之間的對話接口。由于不同用戶對界面的要求不同，因而開發(fā)用戶界面的工作量極大，用戶界面成為計(jì)算機(jī)軟件研制中最困難的部分之一。當(dāng)前INTERNET、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化及多媒體等技術(shù)也對用戶界面提出了更高要求。圖形用戶界面極大地方便了非專業(yè)用戶的使用，人們可以通過窗口和菜單進(jìn)行操作，便于藍(lán)圖編程和快速編程、三維彩色立體動(dòng)態(tài)圖形顯示、圖形模擬、圖形動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤和仿真、不同方向的視圖和局部顯示比例縮放功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。(2)科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化可用于高效處理數(shù)據(jù)和