專四語法串講2-主謂一致、反意疑問句、限定詞(20210129071401)

1、反義疑問句的考點聚焦1）陳述部分的主語是 I，疑問部分要用 arent I. I am a student, aren t I2）陳述部分的謂語是 wish，疑問部分要用 may + 主語I wish to have a word with you, may I?3）陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。Some plants never blown （開花）,do they ?4）否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式It is impossibl

2、e, isnt it?5） 當陳述 部分的 主語是 everybody,every one,some one,n obody,no one,somebody等合成代詞時，附加疑問句中的主語通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody,no one 等作主語，具有否定概念時。如：Somebody phoned while I was out, didn t they?Every one enjoyed the party, did n t they?Nobody wants to go there, does he?6 ）當陳述部分的主語是不定代詞everythi ng,noth in g,

3、anythin g,somethi ng時，附加 疑冋句中的主語一般用it，不用they。如：Everything seems all right now, doesn t it?Noth ing is kept i n good order, is it?Something must be done to stop pollution, isn t it?7）must在表示推測”時，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。He must be a doctor, is nt he?You must have studied En glish for three years, havent you?

4、He must have fini shed it yesterday, didnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?8）省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you 。Dont do that agai n, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you ?9）復(fù)合句的反疑疑問句A .帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?B上述部分主句謂語是I /we think,

5、 believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問咅B(yǎng)分I dont think he is bright, is he?10 )當陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞used to 時，疑問部分可用 usedn 或didn 。如:The old man used to smoke, didn 或he/Sedn t he?Tom used to live here, usedn或 hddn t he?11 )當陳述部分由had better ，或had表示完成時態(tài)時，疑問句用hadn 開頭。Youd better get up early, had ntyou?12)

6、 there be句型中，反義疑問句部分必須用be動詞+there.There are some apples in the basket, arenthere?反意疑問句1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit,?a. hadntsheb. hasnshec. would ntshed. did nshe20032. Do help yourself to some fruit,you?a. cantb. dontc. would ntd. wont20003. When you have fi

7、nished with that video tape, don forget to put it in my drawer,?a. do you b. will you c. don tyoud. won you 19984. You and I could hardly un dersta nd,?a. could I b. could ntyouc. could nwed. could we 1995主謂一致的考點聚焦1) “就遠原則” “主語+介詞短語等”作主語在 A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except,

8、 besides, like, including, rather than, more tha n, no less tha n)+B 結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與之a(chǎn) 一致。2) 就近原貝U neithernor ，(either)or ,not only but also ,not but 等并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時采取就近原則：謂語動詞的數(shù)由與其最接近的那個主語的數(shù)決定。3) a / the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表示“的數(shù)量的“thenumber of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表示 一些/許多的“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4) . mor

9、e tha n one + _/ Many a +/Every A and every B / No A and no B/one and a half + 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注意： more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than one 用復(fù)數(shù)， More members than one are against your plan.5) .并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。注意：整體看待 :bread and butter bread and cheese a knife and fork a cart and horse needleand thread law an

10、d orderfish and chipsmeat and potatoes例如 : Truth and honesty is the best policy 注意： adj. + and + adj. +不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語(復(fù)數(shù))Eg. Chinese (beer) and French beer are served here.6) .表達時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價值,算式的短語通常接動詞的單數(shù)形式。eg. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise 7) .如果主語由“ the 形容詞 (或過去分詞 )”結(jié)構(gòu)擔任時 , 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)

11、 ,8) . 由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句， 謂語動詞通常用 單數(shù) ；但所指的內(nèi)容是 復(fù)數(shù) 意義時，謂語動 詞通常用 復(fù)數(shù) . Eg. What we need are good textbooks.9) .people, police, cattle, militia, 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞 , 接動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Peoples 指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 ; clothes + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞10) All 指人，用復(fù)數(shù)動詞； all 指物，用單數(shù)動詞。11) . 集合名詞指整體時，用單數(shù)代詞；指由不同的人組成的集合時，用復(fù)數(shù)代

12、詞。 audience couple family public class crowd governmentstaff (全體職員)committee group teamcrew(船/飛機全體工作人員)compa ny12) . 書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。主謂一致1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because going to agree upon anythingtoday.a. neither you nor I areb. neither you nor me isc. ne

13、ither you nor I amd. neither me nor you are20031. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject tothe quality of theproducts.a. affects b. affect2. Despite much research, there are still certa in eleme nts in the life cycle of the in sectthatnot fully un derstood.a. is b. are3. Buying cloth

14、esoften a time-c onsuming job because those clothes that aperson likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.a. is b. are4. To un dersta nd the situati on completelymore thought tha n has bee n give nthus far.a. requires b. require5. The preside nt of the college, together with the dea ns,pla nnin

15、g aconference for the purpose of lay ing dow n certa in regulati ons.a. are b. is限定詞（DETERMINER限定詞的取舍要取決于中心詞（名詞）的類別（即可數(shù)或不可數(shù)，單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)等）冠詞（定冠詞，不定冠詞）是最主要最典型的限定詞，其他還有形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞屬格、序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞等1限定詞與三類名詞的搭配關(guān)系限定詞的選擇決定于隨后的名詞的類別，是單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，還是不可數(shù)名詞。1能與三類名詞搭配的限定詞有些限定詞如 the, some, any, no, other, whose以及 my, your

16、等物主限定詞和名詞屬格（Johns, my friends等能與三類名詞搭配例如： the book, my book, my frien ds book, Joh ns book,2只能與單數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞有些限定詞如 a（ n）, one, ano ther, each, every, either, neither,many a, such a等只能與單數(shù)名詞搭配。例如：each worker, either book, an apple, another book, such a book,3）只能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞有些限定詞如 both, two, three, another

17、 two / three, many,few, several, these, those, a （great） nu mber of 等只能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： both workers, several stude nts, a nu mber of essays, many stude nts,4) 只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞 有些限定詞如 a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much 等只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： a bit of water, a great amount of l

18、abour, a great deal of work, (a) little space, much noise.5能與單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞有些限定詞如 the first, the second, the last, the next 等既可與單數(shù)名詞搭配，也可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： the first rose, the last man, the next meeting, the first roses, the last men, the next meetings.6能與單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞有些限定詞如 this, that, (the) least 等能與單數(shù)名

19、詞和不可數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： (the) least sign (of prejudice), this / that job, (the) least knowledge, this / that work.7能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞還有些限定詞如 a lot of, lots of, enough, more,most, such, other 等可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chickens, lots of food, plenty of chairs, plenty of water,

20、enough copies,不定量限定詞 less 原先只與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，但在現(xiàn)代英語中， less 既可與不可數(shù)名詞 也可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配。例如： less money, less mistakes.2 限定詞與限定詞的搭配關(guān)系1 限定詞可分為：前位、中位、后位限定詞a) . 前位限定詞包括 all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc ( 倍數(shù)詞 ); one-third, two-fifths, etc (分數(shù)詞)；what, such, (a / an)b) 中位限定詞包括定冠詞和不定冠詞；物主限定詞；指示限定詞；名詞屬格；不定限定詞

21、； 疑問限定詞；關(guān)系限定詞；例如： a(n), the； this, that, these, those； my, your, etc； Merrys, my friends； some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough； what(ever), which(ever), whose 等c) 后位限定詞包括基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，數(shù)量詞例如： one, two, three, etc； first, second, third, etc； next, last, other, another, etc； many, much, (a) fe

22、w, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most； several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of； such 等2) 三類限定詞的搭配關(guān)系： 如果一個名詞詞組帶有上述三類限定詞， 其搭配關(guān)系總是按照 前位中位后位 的順序排列。例如： all your three books ( 前-中-后 )all these la

23、st few days (前 -中-后-后) 如果只有兩類限定詞，仍按上述搭配關(guān)系。例如： half his lecture （ 前 - 中）those last few months （中 -后-后）a few more samples （中-后-后 ）another twenty tons （后 -后）注：一個名詞中心詞之前不可并用兩個中位限定詞或兩個前位限定詞。所以， 我的那本書 不是my that book 而是 that book of mine ，但后位限定詞的使用卻不受此限個別限定詞有跨類現(xiàn)象，如 such 既屬于前位限定詞，又可歸入后位限定詞。由于它只是在 such a.和 s

24、uch an.這樣的搭配中屬于前位限定詞， 而在與其他限定詞 （some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc） 搭配時， such 則是后位限定詞，一律放在上述這些限定詞 的后面，如 some such, any such, no such, few such, one such 等，因此本書把它歸入后位限定 詞。1.They saw girls the day before yesterday.a. both the other two b. the two other both c. the both other

25、two d. the both two other2.One uses the freezer, the computer and the business school to manufacture dishes innever a tick longer than 100 seconds.a. such others b. other such c. such other d. other such a3. was astonished to find himself rooting and shouting in a most undignified manner.a. Many elderly man b. A many elderly menc. Many an elderly man d. Many elderly men4.I know now, of course, there is