新概念第一冊語法匯總

1、新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習。整本書是以單數課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數課則是針對單數課所講的內容有針對性地進行練習，從此出展現出整個新 概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨特之處。以下是對新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位對整個課本的理解和把握上參考和借 鑒。首先根據課本中出現的時態(tài)來分析:本冊書的語法出現層次性和規(guī)律性是很強的，首先我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時態(tài), 這些時態(tài)的具體分布和講解時我們大家需要注意的遞進性。Less on 31-34現在進行時Less on 37-40第一次出現be goingLess on 51-56一般現在時Less on 67-76為一般

2、過去式Less on 83 -90為現在完成時Less on 91-96為一般將來時(will)Lesson 117118過去進行時Lesson 119120 過去完成時to的將來時除去前面所有時態(tài)和句型所占據的76課我們一起來看一下以下的 68課，每一課小的語言點，語法點都是在什么地方，應該用什么樣的方式來講解。在這里告訴學員新概念一的每一個單課的重點都是出現雙課的標題和課后的練習題里 面。Lesson1 2語言點：與陌生人說話或引起別人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardo n? Thank youvery much.語法點：主系表結構this為主語，名詞做表語1的一般疑問句以

3、及它的肯定回答。Is this your han dbag? Yes, it is.Less on 5 6語言點：如何介紹別人。This is Miss Sophie Dup ont. Nice to meet you.語法點：主語為第三人稱單數的主系表結構。She is French. He is German. It s aVolvo.(L6)a/an 的使用。Less on 7 8語言點：如何自我介紹和相互認識。語法點：主語為第二人稱的主系表結構。Are you French?What nationality are you? What s your job?特殊疑問句。Lesson 9

4、 10語言點：朋友或熟識的人之間如何相互問候。How are you?語法點：主系表結構形容詞做表語。介詞短語表示位置n ear the win dow, on the televi on, on the wallLesson 29 30語言點：如何發(fā)號命令。語法點：祈使句(肯定)。動詞與賓語的固定搭配。Lesson 37 38語言點：如何表達將要做的事情。語法點：現在進行時態(tài) be going to do結構表達將要發(fā)生的事情。There be句型的一般疑問句形式。Lesson 41-42語法點：如何表示不可數名詞的量。Lesson 63-64語言點：建議忠告。語法點： don t do .

5、You mustn t do Lesson 65-66語法點：具體時間表示法（半點和刻鐘）。反身代詞。具體日期表達方式。Lesson 73-74語言點：問路。語法點：不規(guī)則動詞的過去式。形容詞轉變成副詞。Lesson 77-78語言點：看病。語法點：綜合時間表達方式。Lesson 105-106語言點：辦公室用語。語法點：want sb to do ./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104語言點：考試。語法點：賓語從句。（從句部分為非現在時態(tài)）程度畐 U詞 too, very ,eno ughLesson 125-126語言點：/語法點： have to d

6、o / don t need to do Lesson 127-128語言點：娛樂界。語法點：must/can t對現在事情的肯定/否定猜測。Lesson 129-130語言點：交通狀況。語法點：must/can t have been.對過去事情的肯定 /否定猜測。Lesson 131-132語言點：度假。語法點：may對現在/過去事情的肯定或否定猜測。以下學的知識慢慢與新二接軌：現在完成時：Lesson 83 90直接引語變成間接引語：Lesson 99 102形容詞的比較級和最高級：Less on 107 112neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113114不定代詞的用法：L

7、esson 115116過去進行和過去完成時：Lesson 117 120定語從句：Lesson 121124情態(tài)動詞的綜合用法：Lesson 125 132直接引語變間接引語：Lesson 133 136 （著重講時態(tài)的倒推）if 的用法：Lesson 137140被動語態(tài)：Lesson 141144英語中的時態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現在時、現在進行時、一般過去時、現在完成時、一般將來時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時。今天我們所要講的就是第一種：一般現在時一一表示一般性，經常性的動作或一般性事實。1、含有be動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very

8、beautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack stude nts?變否定句在be動詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. /

9、 No, they are not.2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。(1)第三人稱單數及單數名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones .變疑問句在句首加 does,動詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bon es?原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變變否定句在主語及動詞之間加does nt,動詞變?yōu)樵?化。He does nt like books.She does nt like him.The dog does nt like bon

10、es.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. / No, he does nt.Yes, she does. / No, she does ntYes, it does. / No, it does nt.注意：第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復數混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數沒有任何變化。(2)其他人稱及復數名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?

11、Do the stude nts like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The stude nts dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Yes, we do. / No, we dontYes, they do. / No, they dont.現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作構成：主語+ be動詞+動詞的現在分詞+其它成分We are havi ng lun ch.He is

12、 read ing a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimmingacross the river.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are we havi ng lun ch?Is he readi ng a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimmi ng across the river?變否定句在be動詞后面加 notWe are not havi ng lun ch.He is not readi ng a book.The dog is not run

13、ning after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞+動詞+主語+現在分詞What are you doing?What is she doi ng?What is the dog doing?f 1沒有進行時的動詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作：1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has 當 擁有講時沒有進行時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過

14、去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, theday before yesterday, 3 days ago.含有be動詞的句子，將 be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am, is的過去式為 was, are的過去式為were :I was at the butchersYou were a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a stude nt a year ago?Was the tea

15、cher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句What did you do?（必背）不含有be動詞的

16、句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式:I fini shed my homework yesterday.The boy went to arestaura ntThe Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加 did，動詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaura nt?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did notI did not finish my homew

17、ork yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. / No, I did nt.Yes, he did. / No, he did nt.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.現在完成時構成：主語+助動詞have, has+ 過去分詞用法：等時1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現在有某種聯系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since 間副詞連用。I have

18、 just had lunch.（飽了，不用再吃了。）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了。）The boy has already read the book.（已經知道書的內容了，不用再看了。）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時：Have you fini shed your homework?Have you bee n to Beiji ng?Have he see n the film?3）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現在的動作I have lived in Bei

19、ji ng for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一種經歷，經驗：去過地方，做過 事情，經歷過 事情I have never had a bath .I have n ever see n a film.I have n ever bee n to cin ema.I have ever bee n to Paris.表示去了Have bee n to表示去過， have gone toI have bee n to London.（人已經回來）He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5

20、）表示一種結果，一般不和時間副詞聯用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加n ot.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑問句What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時與現在完成時的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為

21、過去時。注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示用。錯：I ve left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.段時間狀語連般將來時表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，經常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow,the year after the n ext, i n five hours time, etc.表示將來的詞聯用。結構：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形I will go to Amer

22、ica tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japa n the mon th after the n ext.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notI will not go to A

23、merica tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japa n the month after the n ext.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morni ng.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will n ot.特殊疑問句What will you do?過去完成時用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去

24、完成時。 結構：had+過去分詞After she had fini shed her homework, she went shopp ing.They had sold the car before I asked theprice .The train had left before I arrived at thestation .用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had she fini shed her homework?變否定句在助動詞后面加notShe had nt fini shed her homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. / No, she ha

25、dnt.特殊疑問句What had she done?過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作，經常用在whe n, while, as引導的狀語從句中。結構： was/were+doingdroppedWhen my husba nd was going into the dining room this morning, hesome coins on the floor.Their father was watch ing TV while they were havi ng dinner.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Was their father watch ing TV while they

26、 were hav ing dinner.變否定句在be動詞后面加 notTheir father was not watch ing TV while they were hav ing dinner.過去將來時結構：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.結構兩個特殊句型：there be 句型，be goi ng to1 ） Be going to 結構表示打算，準備，計劃做某事結構：主語+be動詞+going to + 動詞原型I am going to make abookcaseThey are going to pa

27、int it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to giv

28、e the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.特殊疑問句（必背）What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2）There be 句型一一表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）There is+單數名詞+表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in th

29、is room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+復數名詞+表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, the

30、re is. / No, there is n ot.Yes, there are. / No, there are n ot.問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1）一般疑問句：助動詞/be動詞+主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句What is your n ame?3） 選擇疑問句：orDo you want beef or lamb ?4） 反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You dont n eed t

31、hat pen, do you?5）否定疑問句：一般疑問句 +否定詞Arent youlucky ? Dont you want have a rest?限定詞:some, any, many, muchany用于否定句和疑問句。很多”一般不用many,? some, any修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞，some用于肯定句,注意：當期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some。I have some milk.I dont have any milk.May I have some milk? many 修飾可數名詞，much修飾不可數名詞。在口語中表示much, 而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很多

32、用many, muchI have a lot of mon ey.I dont have much mon ey.名詞名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞：1）不可數名詞無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk,rice扌由象的東西：love, beauty,cold ness不可數名詞有以下特點： 不能用a, an修飾；不能加s ；和單數be動詞或動詞搭配。2 ）可數名詞單數可數名詞要用冠詞修飾， 復數可數名詞要在名詞后面加 s。名詞復數共有以下幾種變化: ?規(guī)則變化的名詞復數形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. shell 宀shells book 宀books規(guī)則 2

33、以 s, x, ch, sh 結尾 +es e.g. fox foxes church churches, bus buses, watch t watches規(guī)則 3 以 o 結尾 +s 或 +es e.g. potato t potatoes, Negro tNegroes, hero t heroes, tomato t tomatoes , ( 口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿 )，剩下一般加 s, radio tradios規(guī)則 4 以 f, fe 結尾的，變 f, fe 為 ves e.g. life t lives half t halves, shelf tshelves, ci

34、ty tcities, wife twives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y 結尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky tskies fly tflies?不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數形式man (men ) woman (women ) foot (feet ) goose (geese ) tooth (teeth ) child (children ) sheep (sheep ) deer (deer ) mouse (mice ) fish (fish )副詞副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here

35、quite early.CertainlyI will go with you.副詞變化形式：?直接在形容詞后加-ly :careful -carefully, slow-slowly?以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞，把y變i,加-ly :happy-happily, lucky -luckily ?有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化:fast, hard, late?有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠：neary-nearly, high-highly , late- lately情態(tài)動詞的使用（可以）1 ）情態(tài)動詞can （能夠），must （必須），may結構：主語 +can/

36、must/may+動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak En glish.變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak En glish?變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak En glish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.Yes, she can. / N

37、o, she cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：（必背）What can you do?注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加s。2) must/have to 的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時態(tài)3) must, may, might表示猜測：must do表示對現在事實的猜測must have done表示對過去事實的猜測must have been doi ng表示對過去

38、正在進行的事實的猜測may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實依據的猜測， might的可能性更小。4) cant/couldnt表示不可能need 的用法?表示 需要”時為實意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I n eed a pen.Do you need anybeer ? No, I don t.I need to have a rest .Need doing=n eed to be done(表示被動)The flowers n eed wateri ng. =The flowers n eed to be watered.花需要澆水。

39、? need在否定時做情態(tài)動詞使用：You need n t go so early. (=You don t need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn t.不定代詞及不定副詞some, any, no, every-thing: someth ing, anything, nothing, everyth ing-one: some one, anyone, anything, every one-where: somewhere, any where, any where, everywhere-

40、body: somebody, an ybody, n obody, everybody例子：1 ) I looked for my book everywhere, but I can t find it any where.2 ) If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be some one, you mustwake up.3) Help! Somebody? Anybody?4) You are really someth in g.你真了不起！ (口語中常用somethi ng來表示 真像回事兒”真行”的意思)5) Since eve

41、rybody is here, let s begin our class.6) Where did you go? I wentno where .7) Nobody is at home.感嘆句：1) What + 名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildi ngs they are!2) How +形容詞+主語+謂語How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildi ngs are!?在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略：What a nice present !(省略 it is)H

42、ow disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語)祈使句表示請求、命令、建議、邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調?？隙ň洌簞釉~原型Come here, please.Go downstairs , please.Stand up.Sit dow n.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾:Come in, Amy.Sit dow n here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Dont+ 動詞原型Dont come here.Don

43、t sit dow n.Dont sta nd up.Dont give me it.let sb. do讓某人做Let me pass .Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.反意疑問：Lets have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?倒裝句：so/neither 的倒裝eg: He can swim . So can I.I did nt go to class. Neither did I.結構：so/n either+be+主語so/neithe

44、r+ 助動詞+主語so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+ 主語助動詞：一般現在時:do, does/am, is, are現在進行時:am, is, are一般過去時：did現在完成時：have, has一般將來時:will, shall過去進行時:was, were過去完成時：had過去將來時：would直接引語/間接引語如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞1）時態(tài)變化：一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時一般過去時一一過去完成時現在完成時過去完成時一般將來時一一過去將來時be going tocan-couldwas/were going t

45、o/wouldmay_might2）時間地點及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, thefollowing day, this- that 3）人稱變化：根據句意改變人稱。4）直接賓語/間接賓語主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。He gives me a book. （me 間接賓語，a book 直接賓語）直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調換時要加一個介詞to或for :主語+及物動詞+直接

46、賓語+介詞+間接賓語Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.1 ）代詞及be動詞主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you her/him/it them代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mi ne ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe 動詞現在時 Am are are are is arebe 動詞過去時 was were were were was were2）名詞