不定式與動(dòng)名詞

1、不定式與動(dòng)名詞不定式 Infinitive一、成份：可作謂語(yǔ)外的任何成份：主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)二、五種形式：（否定式： not to do）1）to do He seems to know this. （一般式）2）to be doing He pretended to be listening attentively. （進(jìn)行式）3）to be done （被動(dòng)式）4）to have done I msorry to have given you so much trouble. （完成式）5）to have been done （完成被動(dòng)式）6）to have been do

2、ing We have been working on this problem for many hours.（ 完成進(jìn)行式 ）三、成份1、賓語(yǔ)a）want, wish, decide, learn, manage, promise, expect, pretend, refuse, fail 等動(dòng)詞后接不定 式作賓語(yǔ)，需要記憶！2、狀語(yǔ)：a）表目的 例： We study hard to build our country better.b）放句首 例: To pass the exam in ati on, youdetter study hard.c）in order to/ so a

3、s toin order to 可放句首，也可放中間。例: We must study hard in order to In order to ，we must study hard.so as to只放句中例: He spoke so clearly as to make every one hear him.He spoke clearly so as to make everyone hear him.d）tooto太而不能例: He is too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cangto to.3、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)a） ask

4、, want, tell, order, wish, expect, promise, offer, advise, allow, permit, persuade, fire, forbid （禁 止），get, warn, long for （渴望）等動(dòng)詞后可以接 sb to do,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但動(dòng)詞 hope to do，不可用 hope sb. to do sth.b）在某些及物動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可省“to ”五看” ：watch, see, notice, observe, look at三“使役（動(dòng)詞）:make, let, have 但 get sb to do

5、二 “聽(tīng) ”： hear, listen to一 “感覺(jué) ”： feeleg. feel sb do doing半 “幫助 ”： helpeg. help sb. (to) do4、主語(yǔ)： To talk with him is a great pleasure 通常用： It is a great pleasure to talk with him.5、定語(yǔ)： She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在被修飾的名詞之后動(dòng)名詞 Geru

6、nd 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征：一、形式：以 do 為例 一般式： doing 被動(dòng)式： being done例：I remember being taken to when I was a child.完成式： having done例： He was given a medal for having completed sixty yearosfteaching. 被動(dòng)： having been done否定式： not doing例： Tom made his mother angry by not taking his medicine.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞 /名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞例

7、： Would you mind my smoking here? Tomscoming late made his teacher angry.但：在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用例： Would you mind me smoking here?二、成份：1、主語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)例： Reading aloud is very important in learning English . Seeing is believing.2、表語(yǔ)：例： His hobby is collecting stamps. Seeing is believing3、定語(yǔ)：例： He is in the reading

8、 room. This is a swimming pool.4、賓語(yǔ)：某些及物動(dòng)詞之后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)finish, enjoy, mind, practise, imagine, risk, keep, prevent, suggest, consider, allow, advise, permit, avoid dislike, appreciate 三、綜合：（一）動(dòng)名詞與不定式作賓語(yǔ)的比較 動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在意義上比較一般和抽象，時(shí)間觀念不強(qiáng) ,不指某一次動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式則常表示某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作。例: I like swimming.Would you like to swim to

9、day? （指今天這一回）I prefer going by bike to walking to the office. （指一般性動(dòng)作）I prefer to go by bike rather than walk to the office today. （指一次性動(dòng)作） 有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：1、在意義上沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別，只有具體和抽象之別例: begin, start, continue, prefer, love, like, hate 但是，我們常這樣表示：He is beginning to do（因?yàn)閎egin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)，則后面接不定 式）2、意義不同例： st

10、op, try, go on to do/doingstop to do （停下來(lái)做某事 ）stop doing （停止做某事）二、動(dòng)名詞與分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：分詞與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系， 動(dòng)名詞則表示它所修飾的名詞的用途。 分 詞則表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。A sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping （分詞）A sleeping car =a car for sleeping （動(dòng)名詞）A swimming girl （游泳的女孩）A swimming pool （游泳池）The running water = the water that is

11、running 流水The running track = the track for running四、練習(xí)與檢測(cè)不定式練習(xí) 姓名 學(xué)號(hào)1. I will not let my friends in that way.A. to be treatedB. be treatedC. being treated D. treated2. I mgoing to have her with me soon.A. liveB. to live C. lived D. be living3. Although I have often heard this song , I have never he

12、ard you it.A. sing, to singB. sung, singC. being sung, singingD. sung, to sing4. I asked the boy near the door.A. to seatB. seated C. sat D. to be seated5. Mary needs a friend .A. to playB. playing C. playedD. to play with6. He gave orders for the visitors .A. to showB. to show inC. to be shown inD.

13、 shown inD. with which to buy7. She had no money a birthday present for her children.A. to buy with B. buying C. bought8. Would you be lend me your bicycle?A. very kind toB. kind enough as toC. so kind toD. so kind as to9. I am sorry you up yesterday.A. to wake B. to have wakenC. wakingD. waken10. H

14、e was nowhere .D. seenD. Be drawingA. to seeB. to be seenC. seeing11. maps properly, you need a special pen.A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To drawD. To elect12. “Whywas the class meeting called? ”“new chairmen.A. Elect B. Because elect C. Electing13. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfo

15、rtable to A. sit B. sit onC. be satD. be sat on14. He is said a new book now about the university students.A. to have writtenB. being writtenC. to be writtenD. to be writing15. This is .A. you to decideC. of you to decideB. your decidingD. for you to decide動(dòng)名詞練習(xí) 姓名 學(xué)號(hào)1. I wontgo to the party .A. wit

16、hout invitingB. without being invitedC. unless invitedD. Both B and C2. He suggested English every day.A. me practisingB. I practise speakingC. my practisingD. All of the above3. He insisted to the front to defend his country.D. All of the aboveA. on goingB. on being sentC. he be sent4. - That would

17、 mean a lot of labour.- Really? I dontmean any labour.A. wasting, to wasteB. wasting, wastingC. to waste, wastingD. to waste, to waste5. Laws have been passed to prevent rivers .A. to be pollutedB. pollutedC. being pollutedD. from being polluted6. Have you finished the violin?A. practising to playB.

18、 to practise playingC. practising playing D. practising to be playing7. Tom has delayed to his friend till today.A. writingB. to writeC. to be writtenD. writes8. I remember him the hair needed .A. to hear, say, to be cutB. hearing, say, cuttingC. hearing, to say, to be cutD. to hear, say, cutting9. His advice is worthy .A. consideringB. of consideringC. to considerD. of being considered10. He had a little trouble his car.A. to fixB. to be fixedC. fixingD. fixxing11. Please