驅(qū)動(dòng)橋畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、附 錄b一、英文原材料 drive axleall-terrain vehicle needs frequently goes in bad road and in the roadless situation, particularly the military automobiles travel condition is worse, this requests to increase the automobile driving gears number, therefore, all-terrain vehicle uses the multiple spindle actuatio

2、n. for example, if front-wheel drives automobile two front wheels will both fall into the ditch (this kind of situation to meet frequently on bad road), that automobile will be unable engines power produces through the wheel and the ground friction the driving influence to continue to go forward. bu

3、t if the this vehicles four wheels can have driving influence, that but also two have not fallen into the ditch the wheel to be able the normal work, causes the automobile to continue to go. function, on multiple spindle actuation automobile, to output the power distribution is equipped with the tra

4、nsfer case for various driving axles. the transfer case is equipped with the high low gear generally, by further expands when the difficult area goes the transmission when gear number. the transfer cases function is the power distribution which outputs the transmission gearbox to various driving axl

5、es, and further increases the torque. the transfer case is also a gear drive system, it fixes alone on the frame, its input axis and transmission gearboxs output shaft with the rotary transmission device connection, transfer cases output shaft has certain, passes through the rotary transmission devi

6、ce and various driving axles separately is connected. majority transfer cases, because must play the reduction of speed to increase the moment the role, but is bigger than gear boxs load, therefore in transfer cases chang nie the gear is a helical gear, the bearing also uses the circular cone roller

7、 bearings supporting. drive shafts- or propeller shafts, as they are sometimes called-have one basic function. transferring power or torque from one drive line component to another in a smooth, continuous fashion. in a heavy-duty truck, that means transmitting engine torque from the output shaft of

8、the transmission to a rear axle or to an auxiliary transmission. drive shafts are also used to connect forward and rear axles on 4 x 6 tractors. in most cases, a drive shaft must transfer torque at an angle to the centerlines of the drive line components it is fastened to. be- cause the rear axle is

9、 not connected to the rigid rails of the truck frame but is mounted to the rear suspension system, the drive shaft must also be able to change angles as the rear suspension jounces and rebounds.the drive shaft must also be able to change in length while transmitting torque. as the rear axle reacts t

10、o road surface changes, torque reactions and braking forces, it tends to rotate for-ward or backward, requiring a corresponding change in the length of the drive shaft. in order to transmit engine torque to the rear axles, the drive shaft must be durable and strong. an engine producing 1 000 pound-f

11、eet of torque, when multiplied by a 12 to t gear ration in the transmission, will deliver 12 000 pound-feet breakaway torque to the drive shaft. the shaft must be strong enough to deliver this twisting force to a loaded axle without deforming or cracking under the strain.drive shafts are constructed

12、 of high-strength steel tubing to provide maximum strength with minimum weight. the diameter of the shaft and wall thickness of the tubing is determined by several factors maximum torque and vehicle payload, type of operation, road conditions, and the brake torque that might be encountered. one-piec

13、e ,two-piece ,and three-piece drive shafts are used, depending on the length of the drive line. each end of the drive shaft has a yoke used to connect the shaft to other drive line components. the yoke might be rigidly welded to the shaft tube or it might be a spline, or slip yoke. the tube yokes ar

14、e connected through universal joints to end yokes on the output and input shafts of the transmission and axle.when the car rounds a curve, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel. to permit this, the two pinion gears rotate on their pinion shaft, transmitting more turning movement to t

15、he outer side gear than to the inner side gear. thus, the side gear on the outer-wheel axle turns more rapidly than the side gear on the inner-wheel axle. this permits the outer wheel to turn more rapidly while the car is rounding the curve，so that the side gears turn at the same speed as the ring g

16、ear, causing both rear wheels to turn at the same speed, also。during one revolution of the ring gear, one gear makes two revolutions, one with the ring gear and another as the pinions walk around the other gear. as a result, when the drive wheels have unequal resistance applied to them, the wheel wi

17、th the least resistance turns more revolutions. as one wheel turns faster, the other turns proportionally slower.the differential case is supported in the carrier by two tapered-roller side bearings. this assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear

18、 and pinion and the required side bearing preload. this adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others. it is to be noted that simple universal joint does not transmit the motion uniformly when the shafts are operating at

19、 an angle, except in constant velocity type universal joint. because the pivot pins do not revolve in the same plane, the driven shaft will increase to a maximum and decrease to a minimum twice in each revolution. although the degree of variation is small, however, it may be minimized by the use of

20、two universal joints. the two joints are arranged so that the non-uniform rotation of each joint tends to neutralize that of the other.the propeller shaft is a driving shaft that connects the transmission to the differential. the output shaft or main shaft from the transmission and pinion shaft exte

21、nding from the differential unit are connected to the propeller shaft and the universal joints. a sliding joint is also used between the propeller shaft and the universal joint near the gear box. the rotary motion of the transmission main shaft is carried out through the propeller shaft to the diffe

22、rential, causing, the rear wheels to rotate. the propeller shaft has to withstand the torsional stresses of the transmitting torque, and yet it must be light and well balanced so that vibrations and whip will not occur at high speeds. for these reasons, it is made of a strong steel tube. solid prope

23、ller shafts are also used. the propeller shaft may be exposed to the atmosphere or protected by an outer tube. some applications include bearings at or near the propeller shaft centre to support the shaft. on some applications, the propeller shaft is in two sections, supported by a centre bearing an

24、d coupled together by universal joints.it is to be noted that the transmission main shaft and the differential pinion shaft are not in one horizontal level. the rear axle housing with differential is attached to the frame by springs, therefore the distance between the gear box and the differential c

25、hanges due to road irregularities. this also changes the angle of drive. in order that the propeller shaft must take curve of these two changes it is provided with one or more universal joints to permit variations in the angle of drive. also, it must be provided with a sliding joint that permits the

26、 effective length of the propeller shaft to change.a universal joint is used where two shafts are connected at an angle to transmit torque. in the transmission system of a motor vehicle, the transmission main shaft, propeller shaft and the differential pinion shaft are not in one line, and hence the

27、 connection between them are made by universal joint. one universal joint is used to connect the transmission main shaft and the propeller shaft, other universal joint is used to connect the other end of the propeller shaft and the differential pinion shaft. thus, the connections between the three s

28、hafts are flexible and at an angle with each other. the universal joint permits the torque transmission not only at angle, but also while this angle is changing constantly.a simple universal joint consists of two y shaped yokes, one on the driving shaft and the other on the driven shaft, and a cross

29、-piece called the spider. the four arms of spider, known as trunnions, are assembled into bearing in the end of the two shaft angle to each other, the bearings in the yokes permits the yokes to swing around on the trunnions with each revolution.next to the gear box in the transmission system is the

30、propeller shaft. it is connected between the gear box and the differential with universal joint at each end. the torque is transmitted from the gear box to the differential through the propeller shaft and universal joints. the differential then transmits the torque to the rear axial to which the rea

31、r wheels are connected.principle, transfer case various axes use two circular cone roller bearings supporting, its bearing loose allowance uses the corresponding adjustment pad adjustment. cross-country vehicle when the good path goes, is the throttle closure consumption and the power transmission p

32、art and the tyre wear, as soon as moves must shut off passes the front axle power. when cross-country running, if needs the low speed files power, to prevent the rear axle of car and the intermediate axle overload, should cause the low speed files power to share by all driving axles. therefore, the

33、half motion control mechanism has the following request: must first joins the front axle not to hang up arrives at the fast files, must first withdraws from the low speed files, do not take off the front axle.二、中文翻譯驅(qū)動(dòng)橋越野車需要經(jīng)常在壞路和無路情況下行駛，尤其是軍用汽車的行駛條件更為惡劣，這就要求增加汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的數(shù)目，因此，越野車都采用多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)。例如，如果一輛前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車兩前輪

34、都陷入溝中(這種情況在壞路上經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到)，那汽車就無法將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力通過車輪與地面的磨擦產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力而繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。而假如這輛車的四個(gè)輪子都能產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力的話，那么，還有兩個(gè)沒陷入溝中的車輪能正常工作，使汽車?yán)^續(xù)行駛。 功用，在多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車上，為了將輸出的動(dòng)力分配給各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)有分動(dòng)器。分動(dòng)器一般都設(shè)有高低檔，以進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大在困難地區(qū)行駛時(shí)的傳動(dòng)比及排擋數(shù)目。分動(dòng)器的功用就是將變速器輸出的動(dòng)力分配到各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，并且進(jìn)一步增大扭矩。分動(dòng)器也是一個(gè)齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，它單獨(dú)固定在車架上，其輸入軸與變速器的輸出軸用萬向傳動(dòng)裝置連接，分動(dòng)器的輸出軸有若干根，分別經(jīng)萬向傳動(dòng)裝置與各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋相連。大多數(shù)分動(dòng)器由于要起到降速增

35、矩的作用而比變速箱的負(fù)荷大，所以分動(dòng)器中的常嚙齒輪均為斜齒輪，軸承也采用圓錐滾子軸承支承。 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸或傳動(dòng)軸，有一個(gè)基本功用：將功率或扭矩由傳動(dòng)線上的一個(gè)零件傳動(dòng)另一個(gè)零件，既平順又連續(xù)。重型貨車發(fā)動(dòng)的扭矩從邊速器的從動(dòng)軸傳到后橋或一個(gè)副變速箱。大多數(shù)情況下驅(qū)動(dòng)軸必須把來自于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的高速旋轉(zhuǎn)扭矩轉(zhuǎn)換成為驅(qū)動(dòng)組件的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于后軸不是直接連接在車架上的而是通過后懸架連接的，同時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋必須能夠變換角度來適應(yīng)后懸架的彈性跳動(dòng)。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的同時(shí)還能改變長度。因?yàn)楹筝S反映路面的變化，轉(zhuǎn)矩的反映和制動(dòng)力的變化，適應(yīng)向前或者向后的旋轉(zhuǎn)。同時(shí)還要適應(yīng)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的長度變化。為了把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩傳遞到后軸，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋

36、必須耐用而且結(jié)實(shí)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生1000鎊尺的轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)乘以一個(gè)齒輪12個(gè)齒在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋上就產(chǎn)生了12000鎊尺的轉(zhuǎn)矩。后軸必須足夠結(jié)實(shí)來傳遞扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩給承載軸上不能產(chǎn)生變形和段裂。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是由高強(qiáng)度的空心鋼管制成的以最小的重量來提供最大的動(dòng)力軸的直徑和軸壁的薄厚是由扭矩的峰值、車輛的額定載重、運(yùn)行的方式、路面狀況和制動(dòng)力矩共同決定的。每一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的末端都有十字軸用來連接軸和其它的縱向驅(qū)動(dòng)組件的。這個(gè)十字軸被剛性的焊接在半軸的軟管上或者是滑動(dòng)叉上。這個(gè)支撐管一頭連接著萬向節(jié)，另一頭接在支配管上用來輸入和輸出變速器和軸的動(dòng)力。 當(dāng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，外側(cè)車輪就必須比內(nèi)側(cè)車輪轉(zhuǎn)的更快。為了達(dá)到這一目的，兩個(gè)行星齒輪在齒輪軸上轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，給外側(cè)的車論提供比內(nèi)側(cè)的車輪更多的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣外側(cè)車輪軸上的半軸齒輪比內(nèi)側(cè)車輪軸上的的半軸齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)更快。這樣半軸齒輪與冠狀齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速相等，從而使兩個(gè)后輪也以相同的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2差速器殼由兩個(gè)圓錐滾子軸承支撐著，在這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)中可以調(diào)整兩個(gè)軸承間的間隙來滿足冠狀齒輪與驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪間所必需的軸承預(yù)緊度。這種調(diào)整是依靠調(diào)整軸承一些部件的螺栓或者調(diào)整軸承的調(diào)整墊片或襯墊來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)里的變速箱旁邊是傳動(dòng)軸。