老人與海論文

1、畢業(yè)論文題目 An Analysis of the Heroic Characteristics in“ TheOld Man And The Se老人與海中主人公的性格分析姓 名學(xué) 院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院專(zhuān) 業(yè) 英語(yǔ)指導(dǎo)教師2012年5月20日ABSTRACTHemingway is one of the most famous novelists in America. He created a perfect image of Code Hero Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea which made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize

2、 for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most influential and far-reaching novels of literary treasure of the world. It so widely-read that people consider that “Whatever there is an intellectual, people know Hemingway and nobody knows Hemingway without knowing his work The Old

3、 Man and the Sea”.In the introduction of the essay, the author will make a brief description about the contents of this novel and point out the main idea of the novel. The contents of the essay are to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. And then the author will set out framework of the essay.

4、The first part of the body is the background information. Through the introduction to Hemingways legend life, people can find some common points between the author and the old man, and the most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. In the second part of the body, the auth

5、or will portray the process of his catching Marlin and fighting with the sharks. Then the author analyzes the spirit of Code Hero. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never

6、-give-up.KEY WORDS: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Code Hero; Santiago摘要海明威是美國(guó)著名的小說(shuō)家之一， 小說(shuō)老人與海使其獲得了 1954 年的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在此小說(shuō)中，作者創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)完美的硬漢形象 桑地亞哥。老人與海是一件影響廣泛，寓意深刻的世界文學(xué)瑰寶，它 廣泛地為大眾所閱讀，以至有人這樣認(rèn)為“只要是個(gè)文化人，你就會(huì)知 道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小說(shuō)老人與海 ”。本文是從分析作品中老人這一形象出發(fā)，揭示“硬漢”的特征，倡導(dǎo) 一種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗的精神。在論文中，作者將對(duì)小說(shuō)的主要內(nèi)容 作一簡(jiǎn)單

7、的敘述，揭示小說(shuō)的中心思想，并提出本次設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容分 析小說(shuō)主人公桑地亞哥這一硬漢形象特征。然后簡(jiǎn)單介紹此次論文的寫(xiě) 作思路及框架。論文正文的第一部分為背景信息，我們通過(guò)介紹小說(shuō)作 者海明威的傳奇一生，指出作者對(duì)于小說(shuō)主人公的諸多相同之處，其中 最相似之處便是都具有“硬漢”精神。在正文的第二部分，作者將結(jié)合 老人捕魚(yú)前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具體分析小說(shuō)主人公的“硬漢” 形象特征。本文的最后一部分為總結(jié)。通過(guò)對(duì)小說(shuō)中“硬漢”形象的分 析，深刻揭示“硬漢”精神對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，倡導(dǎo)這種堅(jiān)忍不拔， 永不言敗的精神。關(guān)鍵字： 海明威；老人與海；硬漢；桑地亞哥OUTLINEIntroductionT

8、his paper explores the theme of the “ codeheroes “ createdby Ernest Hemingway, one of the greatest American writers, and analyzes the main characteristics of the“coTdheehaeurotho”r p. oints out that the novel not onlydescribes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Hemingways

9、 Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero.?. Background Information1.1 The introduction to the author1.2 The Introduction to the backgroundU. A brief introduction toThe Old Man and the Sea山 Deta

10、iled study of the heroic characteristics3.1 Everlasting hope for the future3.2 Unyielding spirit for facing the challenge3.3 Heroic behavior in the actual battle3.4 Loneliness endurance in the long fightingConclusionThis paper analyzes the image of the old man, reveals the characteristics of Code He

11、ro, and advocatesthe spirit of never-give-up. The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance.While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may froe old, and be wholly down on his luck, he

12、 can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory.IntroductionThe Old Man and the Seawas published in 1952 and was one of Hemingways most successful novels which made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.The n

13、ovel tells a very simple story which chronicles the adventure of Santiago, based on a true story of a Cuba fisherman. After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago, an old Cuban hooks a giant fish. For two days and two nights the old man holds on while the fish pulls him further and furth

14、er. Finally he kills the fish and ties it to his skiff. Almost at once, brutal sharks begin to take his prize away. He struggles against the sharks with the harpoon, the oar, the knife, the short club. The sharks eat all but the bones of the fish. Half dead with exhaustion, he brings the skeleton ho

15、me and makes his way to bed and dreams of his golden time.In the novel, Hemingway creates an immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone and has finally lost all will to live. Every day is the same dull, monotonous routine. His wife

16、 have died; his only comfort is a boy who is forbidden to fish determination in holding onto a gargantuan fish, Santiago is plunged into the adventure of his life, but will it bring meaning to his days? But it is the spirit of Code Hero to support him fighting and living.The chief point about Santia

17、go is that he behaves perfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may turn old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed, and

18、thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory. The author also wants to point out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Hemingways Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grim fate of press

19、ure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero.This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never-give-up.?. Background InformationThis paper will make a brief introduction to the author, and also introduce the social background an

20、d the novels background, in order to make the paper be better understood.1.1 The introduction to the authorOn July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in a well-to-do family in Oak Park, Illinois. His father, a successful physician enjoyed hunting and fishing. Going out frequently with his father, H

21、emingway developed a way of life and death, and learned such virtues as courage and endurance, Hemingways style of living as an adult and the fact that his books abound in sports terms are partly traceable to his early life. As a boy Hemingway liked boxing and football. He has on a whole a happy boy

22、hood; though he did run away from home twice and observed once that the best training for a writer is an unhappy boyhood. Though he had poor vision from childhood, he was good at sport. In the school he was also an outstanding student. After leaving school at 17 infested with the prevailing fever am

23、ong the young “ toget into the thick of it ”and with the senseof the need to experience or observe war at close quarters he tried to enlist in the army, but was rejected becauseof his poor sight. He went to the Kansas City Star and served as an energetic reporter. Then he was recruited as an ambulan

24、ce driver, working with the Red Cross in Europe. This led to the crucial happening of his life. On July 6, 1918 he was severely wounded in the knee in Italy. He recovered in time and stayed with the Italian army until the end of the war. His war experience so shattering and nightmarish proved that h

25、is life and writing were permanently affected. In a sense, all his life, he lied with it emotionally and continued to write about it in order to relive it and forget it.All along Hemingway s life, he married four times; even through this, he was not a fickle lover. Once he wrote to one of his friend

26、s Lillian Loose and said,“I love mlove my wives . ”Hemingway is a negative writer. It is very di fficult for him to say“yes”.He holds a black, naturalistic view of the world and a man to him is nothing, too. The title of his first important book, The Sun Also Rises, referring to the biblical“ Eccles

27、iastes ”downright nihilistic in tone when he say s “The sun also ris,eand the sun goes down and haste to his place where he arose ” and “The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done that which should be done, and there is no new thing under the su.n He has evidently a

28、very negative attitude towards life. Hemingway sees life in terms of battle and tension. All of his works dramatize this concept of life, that it is dangerous and is always ready to defect and destroy you; but that, if you keep calm and stand on your set of principles , you may win on your own terms

29、, through as the winner you get nothing except, perhaps, the knowledge that you have played well by chaos and brutality and violence (as in A Farewell to Arms , For Whom the Bell Tolls and many sketches In Our Times), by crime and death (as in To Have and Have Not and The Killers ), and sport, hard

30、drinking and sexual promiscuity (as in The Sun Also Rise and some of his short stories). And his typical Hemingway hero is one who wounded but strong, more sensitive and wounded because stronger, enjoys the pleasures of life (sex, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and death through some notion of a co

31、de and ideal of himself.Hemingway is a myth in his own time and a myth in American literature. He is a glamorous public hero of sorts whose style of writing and living was so precise because he acted out the theme of his own books.1.2 The Introduction to the backgroundHemingways life was active and

32、adventurous but full of pains. He lived in the period when the World War One broke out when many young volunteers took part in the war which was also called “a war ends all wars ” . Bcurtutehlereality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious as they thought. Actually the First and the

33、 Second World Wars had affected Hemingway a lot, for he had once joined the army and had injured in Italy, so he suffered a lot from the war deeply. He was disappointed with the world at that time and became very pessimistic about the fate of the human beings. As a young writer and spokesman of the

34、“ TheLost Generation ”an,d influenced by the greedy and heedless way of life in America, Hemingways works all vividly recorded the life of those physically and mentally wounded soldiers, revealed the frustration, loneliness when is dead ”.The novel The Old Man and the Seais based on a real story. Th

35、e story goes that in the late 1940s, upon return from an early morning fishing trip, Fuentes ( Hemingways friend) and Hemingway saw a small boat 10 miles out to the sea. Hemingway asked Fuentes to approach the vessel to see if they needed help. Inside the boat were an old man and a boy. As the vesse

36、ls closed, the old man began yelling at them with insults including telling them to go to hell, indicating that they had scared away the fish. Fuentes and Hemingway looked at each other in surprise. Just the same, Hemingway asked Fuentes to lower them some food and drinks while the old man and boy g

37、lared at them. Without another word exchanged, the two boats parted ways. According to Fuentes, Hemingway began immediately to write in his notebook and later asked him to find the old man. But he never was able to find the fisherman that had made such an impression on Hemingway. A few years after T

38、he Old Man and the Seawas published, residents of Cojimar believed that the old fisherman that Fuentes and Hemingway ran into at sea was a humble local fisherman they called el Viejo Miguel; some described his physical appearanceas a wiry Spencer Tracy.The other circumstances that made Hemingway wro

39、te the novel was Hemingways writing capability had been questioned by people at that time. Under all kinds of gossip, Hemingway decided to write The Old Man and the Sea which had been constructed in his mind for more than 10 years. At last, this masterpiece proved his writing talent.H. A brief intro

40、duction to The Old Man and the SeaIt is a poetic and tragic novel told in language of great simplicity and power. Its hero is an old Cuban fisherman, Santiago, who is down on his luck, and tries to fight against his fate. In the story Santiago has gone for 84 days without catching a fish. As a resul

41、t, Mandolin, a little boy, who used to sail with him, is forbidden from fishing with the old man by his parents and forced to catch fish in anothe“rgood-lucky”ship.Later despite the boy asks for fishing together again, but the old man insists on fishing alone and at last, he succeeds in hooking a gi

42、ant marlin which is eighteen-foot, the largest he has ever known before. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat for almost 48 hours, the old man could do nothing but bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man, with little f

43、ood and sleep, has to bear a lot of pain and at the same time fight against the fish. To his great excitement, he was rewarded for his struggle. On the third day at sea, he finally catches the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it.On his way home, he lashed marlin alongside his boat because

44、 it is too big to be put in the boat. But, unfortunately, the sharks assaulted the old man and the giant marlin in different directions for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much strength as he can summon, but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his despera

45、te defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa and the lions again.山 Detailed study of the heroic characteristicsIn The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway created a recognizable group of people wi

46、th distinct characteristics, which combines the strong spirit in Hemingway himself with the characters of tough guys. This is what we called the code hero. The spirit of Cold Hero is concentrated on four areas: Firstly, never give up hopes in any difficult conditions; secondly, keep daring spirit an

47、d never admit defeat in the process of fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the loneliness in the long process of fighting.31 Everlasting hope for the futureOne may lose the battle in life, but he can achieve a moral significance after his courage, bravery and

48、ability to endure have been tested. Because the hope does not die and the power is not off. Even if the hope is slim, we also must try our best to fight for it. The author believes that, hope makes the old man fight with the Marlin, fight with the sharks and fight with his own will.At the beginning

49、of the novel, the author depicts the image of the man. “ The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of the neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his co

50、rds. But none of these scars were flesh. They were as old as crossing in a fishless desert ”W.hen readers read here, they maybe show their sympathy to the old man and think that he cannot do anything. Further more, Santiagos life is not in good condition. He lives in a shack in which there is only a

51、 bed, one chair and a place on the dirty floor to cook with charcoal. He is so poor that he had no “ pot of yellow rice and fish to eatng”fo.rWfishhiliengs,ahilie has only a bottle ofwater with him. He leads a lonely life. His wife dies leaving him no children.Except a boy he once taught to fish, he

52、 has few friends. It seems that few people care him. What is more, he is a failure in catching fish. For eighty-four days he fished in a skiff without taking a fish. Eighty-four days is a long period of time. Eighty-four days without a fish is very unfortunate for a fisherman. For a weather-beaten,

53、poverty-stricken and lonely old man like Santiago, the misery might be beyond anyone s tolerance. A man even with strong will be defeated by too much failure. For this reason, we may arrive at the conclusion that Santiago will give up fishing. But to our surprise, the eyes of the character are brigh

54、ter in the following, “ everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated ” . The eyes of the old man a not stuffy and he has the eyes those “ were the same color as the sea ” that only the man has, which shows the old man has a you

55、ng heart as the young. “ Hefitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the whole pins and, learning forward against the thrust of the blades in the water, he began to row out of the harbor in the dark ”. The omldan firmly insists that he will not always be unfortunate, and ships into the deep sea with

56、out looking back.What makes the old man make such a decision under the difficult condition? Through the man, the author points out that even though life is harder, even the wretched standpoint, “ But who knows? Maybe today, every day is a new day”. This is the hope for the future,never give up hope

57、for the future.The author further strengthens the character of the old manthe Code Hero. Whenthe sharks have eaten halfof the Marlin,“ he forked the tiller free from the rudder and beatand chopped with it, holding it down again and again.” Finally, he saw one shark cameagainst the head of this fish,

58、 and he knew all was over. He swung the tiller across the shark shead where the jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fish s head which would not tear. He swung it once and twice and again. He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again. The shark let go and rolled away. That was

59、the last shark of the pack that came. There was nothing more for them to eat.At last, he sailed back into harbor exhaustedly, with a skeleton of his fish and a broken skiff. “sSghoeod, he thought. She is sound and not harmed in any way except for the tiller. That is easily replaced” . All what the old man seeis good side. He failed, however,“he isnot defeated , despite the fact that has been