TPO32閱讀詳細(xì)答案

1、.Plant Colonization第一段分析介紹 Colonization是植物改變一個(gè)地區(qū)生態(tài)的方法? Colonization的組成： invasion and survival? Colonization的成功： a site available for colonization第二段分析介紹 invasion與 extinction速度不同植物有所不同。? Pioneer species的特點(diǎn)：large numbers of reproductive propagules第三段分析植物傳遞種子的兩種方式? 數(shù)量多，個(gè)頭?。?wind? 數(shù)量小，個(gè)頭大： birds or smal

2、l mammals第四段分析植物 Colonization的適應(yīng)性： variation in germination第五段分析植物 succession取決于 eventsoccurring at different stages文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析;.第 1 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案A? 與原文信息 Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization-a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting

3、down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levelsof competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?B 偷換概念，原文信息為reduced levels of competition and other negativeinteractions to a level而不是 increases negative interact

4、ions with otherorganisms on the site.? C 原文無提及該信息? D 信息雜糅，原文提及 fertility of a site 但是原文沒有將 Disturbance reduces fertility 聯(lián)系起來第 2 題解析：詞匯題。答案A? Virtually 意為 “事實(shí)上，幾乎；實(shí)質(zhì)上 ”故選 A: almost totally迷惑選項(xiàng)? B usually 意為 “通常，經(jīng)常 ”? C consistently 意為 “一貫地；一致地；堅(jiān)實(shí)地 ”? D unnaturally 意為 “故意地；違反習(xí)俗地；不合乎自然規(guī)律地 ”第 3 題解析：修辭目

5、的題。答案C?該信息起解釋說明的作用，相當(dāng)于舉例，服務(wù)的對(duì)象為 For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter.迷惑選項(xiàng)? A 原文無提及該信息?B 混淆原文的關(guān)系，原文提及 the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds，但是提及 a construc

6、tion site是說明不能被植物生存的環(huán)境;.? D 與原文相矛盾，原文信息為 the soil has been compacted or removed toexpose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation 即不能改種 soil 不能生存植物第 4 題解析：詞匯題。答案C? Despite 意為 “盡管 ，不管 . ”故選 C: even though迷惑選項(xiàng)? A without 意為 “沒有 ”? B almost never 意為 “幾乎永不 ”? D perhaps

7、 意為 “或許，大概 ”第 5 題解析：句子簡(jiǎn)化題。答案B? 原句分為兩層，因果關(guān)系。第一層： Pioneer species 有很高的入侵比率。第二層：原因是產(chǎn)生大量的果實(shí)以及有更有效率的傳播方式迷惑選項(xiàng)? A 句內(nèi)信息的雜糅，原文提及相應(yīng)信息，但是彼此之間關(guān)系是錯(cuò)誤的，原句主體是 Pioneer species 有很高的入侵比率的原因? C 句內(nèi)信息的雜糅，原文無提及 produce their largest numbers of propagulesduring the earliest stages of their colonization 的關(guān)系，原文關(guān)系為 Pioneer sp

8、ecies-those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization? D 句內(nèi)邏輯錯(cuò)誤，原句描述主體為 Pioneer species 有很高的入侵比率而不是Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently第 6 題解析：推理判斷題。答案B? 因果類 Infer. 原文信息為 Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively shor

9、t-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate typeof habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birdsor small mammals or those t

10、hat produce long-lived seeds，因果關(guān)系為小種子;.產(chǎn)生的多來彌補(bǔ)風(fēng)傳播不穩(wěn)定的影響， 大種子產(chǎn)生的少故采用動(dòng)物傳播， 大小的對(duì)比說明大種子不能用風(fēng)傳播迷惑選項(xiàng)? B,C 原文均無提及該信息?D 偷換概念，原文信息為those that produce long-lived seeds而不是 Largeseeds are short-lived第 7 題解析：指代題。答案D? 結(jié)合原文語意關(guān)系判定， 指代前文 that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds orsmall mammals or those that prod

11、uce long-lived seeds的信息第 8 題解析：詞匯題。答案A? Viable 意為 “可行的；能養(yǎng)活的；能生育的 ”故選 A: able to survive迷惑選項(xiàng)? B individual 意為 “個(gè)體的，個(gè)人的，獨(dú)特的 ”? C large 意為 “大的，多數(shù)的，廣博的 ”? D remaining 意為 “留下的，遺留的，剩下的 ”第 9 題解析：修辭目的題。答案C? 該信息起支持論證的作用， 服務(wù)的對(duì)象為 Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pio

12、neer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors.迷惑選項(xiàng)? A,D 原文均無提及該信息? B 偷換概念，原文提到 pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors 但是無提及 prefer forest floors for colonization purposes第10題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案D;.? 與原文信息 Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germina

13、tion dates,increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?A 偷換概念，原文信息為 at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions 而不是 seeds only during favorable climatic con

14、ditions? B,C 原文均無提及該信息第11題解析：詞匯題。答案D? Abundant 意為 “大量的，許多的 ”故選 D: plentiful迷惑選項(xiàng)? A new 意為 “新的，新鮮的 ”? B improved 意為 “改進(jìn)的，進(jìn)步的 “? C suitable 意為 “適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配?”第12題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案B? 與原文信息 Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role indetermining patterns of succession, especially secondary

15、succession相符迷惑選項(xiàng)? A,C,D 原文均無提及該信息第13題解析：句子插入題。答案C? 被插入句子前接 they 指代的對(duì)象，后接與 require relatively little protection or nutrients. 相關(guān)的內(nèi)容第14題The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.;.1 4 6?Answer Choices1.The species that first colonize a disturbed

16、 site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.解析：典型能夠殖民成功植物的特點(diǎn)2.Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.解析：細(xì)節(jié)性質(zhì)的選項(xiàng)3.Pioneer species arrive at a site first b

17、ut have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.解析：細(xì)節(jié)性質(zhì)的選項(xiàng)4.Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.?解析：植物適應(yīng)性的體現(xiàn)variation in germination5.Large, long-lived see

18、ds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.?解析：細(xì)節(jié)性質(zhì)的選項(xiàng)6.The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species rates of invasion, growth, and survival.解析：影響植物在殖民的各種因素S

19、iam, 1851-1910第一段分析介紹 19 世紀(jì)晚期泰國(guó)發(fā)生的變化：old ruling families were beingdisplaced第二段分析介紹當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)村生活的特點(diǎn)第三段分析促進(jìn)人們開墾更多的土地用來種植的因素一：貿(mào)易的開放第四段分析促進(jìn)人們開墾更多的土地用來種植的因素二：生活的自由第五段分析;.變化所帶來的諸多影響? 政府入侵鄉(xiāng)村的生活? 鄉(xiāng)村手工藝的消息第 1 題解析：詞匯題。答案A? Severed 意為 “切斷的；隔斷的 ”故選 A: cut off迷惑選項(xiàng)? B viewed 意為 “觀察，觀看，考慮 ”? C protected 意為 “受到保護(hù)的 ”? D r

20、escued 意為 “營(yíng)救，救援 ”第 2 題解析：非真實(shí)信息題。答案C? 原文無提及該信息迷惑選項(xiàng);.? A 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted? B 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 their sons were enticed away to schools for district officers, later to be posted in some faraway provi

21、nce? D 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 the rulers no longer had a regular base for relations with rural populations第 3 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案D? 與原文信息 According to the governments first census of the rural population, taken in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. This wasprobably a large increase over the figure e

22、ven two or three decades earlier,during the late 1800s相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?A 偷換概念，原文提及there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam但是沒有提及 urban population began to migrate out of the cities? B 與原文相矛盾，原文信息為 Siams Central Plain in the late 1800s wasnowhere near as densely settled as it is today 而不是 as densely p

23、opulated as it is today? C 偷換概念，原文信息為 there were wild elephants and tigers roaming thecountryside only twenty or thirty miles away 而不是 wild elephants and tigers sometimes roamed Bangkok第 4 題解析：詞匯題。答案B? rice-deficient portions 意為 “大米缺乏的地方 ”故選 B: the parts that do not haveenough rice迷惑選項(xiàng)?A the parts t

24、hat consume rice意為 “消耗大米的地方 ”?C the parts where rice is grown意為 “生長(zhǎng)大米的地方 ”?D the parts that depend primarily on rice意為 “主要依靠大米的地方 ”第 5 題;.解析：非真實(shí)信息題。答案C? 原文無提及該信息迷惑選項(xiàng)? A 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 and over the same period the average price per kilogram doubled? B 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 The average annual volume of rice exported from

25、Siam grew from under 60 million kilograms per year in the late 1850s to more than 660 million kilograms per year at the turn of the century? D 對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息為 This growth was achieved as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated, cl

26、ear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods of agriculture.第 6 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案C? 與原文信息 This growth was achieved as the result of the collective decisionsof thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated,clear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods o

27、f agriculture.相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?A,B,D 原文均無提及該信息第 7 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案B? 與原文信息 Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands ofpeasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for thegovernment: grow rice for the marke

28、t place 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)? A 與原文相矛盾，原文信息為 the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced? C 原文無提及該信息? D 偷換概念，原文提及 Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service 但是無提及 introduced a special tax on rice;.第 8 題解析：修辭目的題。答案D?

29、 提問兩段間的關(guān)系，第三段提出主旨 Much population movement involved theopening up of new lands for rice cultivation. Two things made this possible and encouraged it to happen 后文以及第四段分別描述 two things 的具體內(nèi)容第 9 題解析：詞匯題。答案A? Dispersed 意為 “散布的；被分散的；被驅(qū)散的 ”故選 A: spread out迷惑選項(xiàng)? B gained power 意為 “獲得力量，獲得權(quán)力 ”? C adapted 意為

30、“適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣 ”? D specialize 意為 “專門從事；詳細(xì)說明；特化 ”第10題解析：詞匯題。答案C? Compulsory 意為 “義務(wù)的；必修的；被強(qiáng)制的 ”故選 C: required迷惑選項(xiàng)? A foreign 意為 “外國(guó)的，異質(zhì)的 ”? B formal 意為 “正式的，拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?”? D preferred 意為 “優(yōu)先的；首選的 ”第11題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案B? 與原文信息 As well as can be measured, rural standards of living improved inthe Fifth Reign. But the statis

31、tical averages mean little when measured against the harsh realities of peasant life 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)? A 無中生有，原文提及信息 cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service 但是不是 spend most of the profits from rice growing on registrations? C 原文無提及該信息;.? D 原文無提及該信息第12題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案A?

32、與原文信息 the government bureaucracy intruded more and more into villagelife. Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattleregistration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?B 偷換概念，原文信息為 Village handicrafts diminished or died out completely as

33、 people bought imported consumer goods ，而不是 buy certain kinds of imported goods? C 無中生有，原文信息為 Village handicrafts diminished or died out completelyas people bought imported consumer goods但是無提及 discouraging thepeople from making handicrafts and tools?D 原文無提及該信息第13題解析：句子插入題。答案A?被插入句子前接yet 轉(zhuǎn)折之前的內(nèi)容，被插入句

34、子后接how is it that thepeasants were able to choose的答案.第14題During the late nineteenth century, changes in Siams power structure had important economic consequences.1 2 5Answer Choices1.Population movement occurred and rice cultivation intensified because Siam became more actively involved in internati

35、onal trade.?解析：貿(mào)易開放對(duì)于Siam 地區(qū)的影響;.?2.Changes in taxation and the ending of the requirement that people work part-time for the rulers allowed farmers to produce more rice for the marketplace.解析：稅收以及管理方式的變化帶來農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量的增加3.Population increases occurred in part because Siams farmers were able to produce more

36、 rice to feed the population.解析：包含原文未提及的信息 Population increases occurred in part because 4.Land became so valuable that villagers had to pay the government forthe land that they worked on.?解析：包含原文未提及的信息 Land became so valuable that 5.Although rural living standards may have improved somewhat, prospe

37、rity varied from village to village and government bureaucracy played a greater role in village life.? 解析：政府職權(quán)對(duì)于鄉(xiāng)村生活的影響6.Government modernization in the early twentieth century resulted in the loss of some freedoms that the rural population had gained from thetraditional ruling classes.?解析：與原文相矛盾，原文

38、信息為增加了自由不是loss of some freedomsDistributions of Tropical Bee Colonies第一段分析引出蜜蜂的研究how social interactions can produce andenforceregular spacing in a population第二段分析研究觀察到的現(xiàn)象：對(duì)于同種類個(gè)體有些攻擊有些不攻擊第三段分析研究結(jié)論： relationship between aggressiveness and patternsofcolony distribution第四段分析可能影響蜜蜂分布的另外一個(gè)因素：availabilit

39、y of potential nest sites第五段分析研究現(xiàn)象證明結(jié)論：攻擊性行為則規(guī)律分布第六段分析;.介紹另外一個(gè)研究?jī)?nèi)容： the process by which the aggressive speciesestablish new colonies第七段分析具體介紹蜜蜂打斗的過程文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析第 1 題解析：詞匯題。答案B? Rival 意為 “匹敵，對(duì)手 ”故選 B: competing迷惑選項(xiàng)? A established 意為 “確定的，已制定的 ”? C nearby 意為 “附近的，周圍的 ”? D different 意為 “不同的，個(gè)別的 ”第 2 題解析：真實(shí)信

40、息題。答案D? 與原文信息 Hubbell and Johnson observed that some species of stinglessbees are highly aggressive to members of their species from other colonies, while other species are not 相符迷惑選項(xiàng);.? A,B,C 原文均無提及該信息第 3 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案B? 與原文信息 They predicted that the colonies of aggressive species would show regular

41、 distributions, while those of nonaggressive species would show random or closely grouped (clumped) distribution. 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)?A 偷換概念，原文提及 there is a relationship between aggressiveness and patterns of colony distribution 但是不是 distribution pattern of bee colonies determines the degree of aggressiveness? C

42、 與原文相矛盾，原文信息為 nonaggressive species would show random orclosely grouped (clumped) distribution 而不是 both closer together and more regularly distributed? D 偷換概念，原文信息為 aggressive species would show regular distributions而 nonaggressive species would show random 故不是 nests of aggressive bees tend to be mo

43、re regular in shape 的比較關(guān)系第 4 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案A? 與原文信息 Though Hubbell and Johnson were interested in how bee behavior might affect colony distributions, they recognized that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions. So as one of the first steps in their study,

44、 they mapped the distributions of trees suitable for nesting 相符迷惑選項(xiàng)? B,C,D 原文均沒有提及該信息第 5 題解析：句子簡(jiǎn)化題。答案D? 原句分為兩層，并列關(guān)系。第一層： colony 的數(shù)目不被 tree 的數(shù)目所限制。第二層： colony 的規(guī)律分布也不是由于潛在 nest sites 的規(guī)律分布迷惑選項(xiàng);.? A 修改原文語意范圍， The limited number of colonies 原文無提及該信息 ? B 包含原文未提及內(nèi)容，原文無提及 There was no lack of suitable trees orpotential nesting sites? C 與原文相矛盾，原文信息為 The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by availability of suitable trees第 6 題解析：真實(shí)信息題。答案C? 與原文信息 Hubbell and Johnson mapped the nests of five of the nine speciesof stingless bee