2012年全國(guó)高考語(yǔ)文試題及答案-新課標(biāo)卷修正版

1、positi on-relatedconsumption of civil servants has been swept by finance, consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance and waste in thecivil serviceposition-relatedconsumption, abuse, corrupti on and embezzlement, corruption is important. Then,under theconditionsof market economy, how toreform the exi

2、sting civilduty consumption management, explores asource toprevent and curb the post consumption corruption way, is curre ntly a major issue faced byhonest work.Recently, I conducted researchon this issue, this pr oblem on some humble opinions. First, the existingpublic servants duty consumption t h

3、e mainprobl ems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, publi c servants dutyconsumption causedby the abuses and not a personof integrity, isone of the majorproblems in the party inup and economicconstruction. From I County in rece nt years of governance situationsee, positions con

4、sumption in the producedof two not phenomenon rendering four a features: a is positionsconsumption system lost has due of binding, right is greater than rules, and right is greater than method of phe nome non more highlight; II is inpositions consumption in the CameraObscura operation, usi ng terms,

5、 will positions consumption intohas personal consumption, will corporate points to into personal points to, makespositions consumption insome aspects has into positionsenjoy and self-dealingof means; three is topositions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative corruption p

6、henomena such ascorrupti on a nd misappropriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, and post consumption became a symbol of showing off their individualcities. Caused bypublic servants duty consumption of many two phenomenon in which people reflect the biggest probl ems are: (a

7、) the official car problems. Mainly i nthree aspects: one is the largerbuse s cost expenditure. Accordi ng to statistics, until November 2003,XX County township Department bus 159cars, which de partment owns the bus 145 vehicl es, and showed an increa sing trend. Financial expense s cost per bus per

8、 year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yuan. Some units alsohiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and subsidies. Ne cessary to keep a car,but also dependants, leading to larger expenses. Se cond, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy tendencies. Some pe oplebelieve that nowsom

9、e busdrivers use one-third, one-third le ading private one-third used for officialpur poses. Somepublic servants, espe cially leading officials motoring, cars forprivate purpo ses, violating theself-di sci pline regulations, and eve n lead to traffic accidents. According to statistics from relatedde

10、partments, since 2004, the correct investigation in ourCounty servesnearly 30cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private2012 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試語(yǔ)文第 I 卷閱讀題甲 必考題一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀 (9 分，每小題 3 分)閱讀下面的文字，完成1-3 題?！昂谙洌强刂普撝械母拍?，意為在認(rèn)識(shí)上主體對(duì)其內(nèi)部情況全然不知的對(duì)象 . “科技黑箱”的含義與此有所不同，它是一種特殊的存貯知識(shí)、運(yùn)行知識(shí)的設(shè)施或過(guò)

11、程，使用者如同面對(duì)黑箱，不必打開(kāi)，也不必理解和掌握其中的知識(shí)，只需按規(guī)則操作即可得到預(yù)期的結(jié)果 .例如電腦、手機(jī)、攝像機(jī)、芯片，以及藥品等，可以說(shuō)，幾乎技術(shù)的全部中間和最終成果都是科技黑箱 .在科技黑箱的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，科學(xué)知識(shí)是基礎(chǔ)，價(jià)值觀(guān)和倫理道德則對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇。除此以外，科技黑箱中還整合了大量人文的、社會(huì)的知識(shí)，并且或多或少滲透了企業(yè)文化和理念。這樣，在電腦或手機(jī)中就集成了物理學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、管理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、美學(xué)，以及對(duì)市場(chǎng)的調(diào)研和政府的相關(guān)政策等知識(shí) .科技黑箱是特殊的傳播與共享知識(shí)的媒體，具有三大特點(diǎn)。首先，它使得每一個(gè)使用者不僅牛頓，都能直接“站在巨人的肩上”繼續(xù)前進(jìn) .試想，如

12、果要全世界的電腦使用者都透徹掌握電腦的工作原理， 掌握芯片上的電子理論， 那需要多少時(shí)間 ? 知識(shí)正是通過(guò)科技黑箱這一途徑而達(dá)到最大限度的共享。如今，計(jì)算機(jī)天才、黑客的年齡越來(lái)越小，神童不斷出現(xiàn)，他們未必理解計(jì)算機(jī)的制作過(guò)程就能編寫(xiě)軟件、破譯密碼。每一代新科技黑箱的出現(xiàn)，就為相對(duì)“無(wú)知識(shí)”的年輕一代的崛起與趕超提供了機(jī)會(huì)。其次，處在相對(duì)低端的科技黑箱往往與語(yǔ)境和主體無(wú)關(guān)，而處于高端的科技黑箱則需滿(mǎn)足特定主體在特定場(chǎng)合乃至心理的需要。人們很少能對(duì)一把錘子做什么改進(jìn)，而使用一個(gè)月后的電腦則已經(jīng)深深地打上了個(gè)人的印記，這就銳明，在認(rèn)識(shí)變得簡(jiǎn)單易行之時(shí)， 實(shí)踐變得復(fù)雜和重要。 最后，當(dāng)科技為我們打開(kāi)一

13、扇又一扇門(mén)的時(shí)候，我們能拒絕它的誘惑不進(jìn)去嗎?而一旦進(jìn)去，我們的行為能不受制于房間和走道的形狀嗎 ?表面上是使用者在支配科技黑箱，然而科技黑箱卻正在使用者“不知情”的情況下，對(duì)使用者施加潛移默化的影響，也就是說(shuō)使用者被生產(chǎn)方對(duì)象化了。值得注意的是， 科技黑箱在使科技知識(shí)被使用者廣泛共享之時(shí)， 也往往使這部分知識(shí)因共享而貶值甚至被人遺忘 .那么還要不要學(xué)習(xí)集成于科技黑箱中已經(jīng)貶值的科技知識(shí) .例如電磁理論、牛頓力學(xué)，甚至四則運(yùn)算 ?這是一個(gè)很有意思的問(wèn)題。技術(shù)所構(gòu)成的平臺(tái)還有一個(gè)歷史維度。時(shí)至今日，歷史上的很多技術(shù)已經(jīng)失傳或過(guò)時(shí)，但是也有相當(dāng)多的技術(shù)流傳至今，例如中國(guó)的針灸，以及散落在各古老民族

14、中的特殊技法leadersdriving a vehicle a ccident causedby road accidents, 1,1 people killedanddire ct economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Third, high efficiency and lowcost of the bus. Surveys show that, theoperating costsof taxis for the 8200/. Isa f undamental priority of the reform, itis

15、 a difficultproblem that mustbe solved in the reform proce ss.Clearly, thepost consumption av erages three years before a s a base and fine-tunedon the ba sis of thi s si ngle practices must be improved. Impr ovements to adhere to three principles: first,under theexisting policy provi sions approved

16、 for publicservants dutyconsumptionstandards,cali bration, is not contrary topoli cy. Se cond, according to the local financialsituation and peoples sustainabilit y, publi c serva nts duty consumption standar ds approved, both financia l reach, and peworkload.In reform of method Shang, approved civ

17、il servants positions consumption standard to big unified, andsmall dispersed suitable, that most positions consumptistrengtheon project shoul d according topoli cy pr ovidesproposed unified standard, consider to ranks, a ndunits a nd the work task of differences sex, unified of standard should has

18、elastic of anddynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unified standard Shi has must of flexible disposal right;but since set of standard must after financises toal, and audit, sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reformpackage. Public servants dutyconsumptionelasticityof c

19、onsumption t o limit consumption, turning mess into kitchen after dinner, follow thecivil servant with ahow to use personal title subsidies,or how to manage apersonalduty consumption usefault investigation system, the report said. While other measures to keepup.Discipline inspection a nd supervision

20、 organs, fina ncial, auditing de partments shouldn supervision and inspection ofpublic servants duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen the reformof public servants duty consumption monetization system, measures todevelop and monitor the implementation of inspection, notconsumpt

21、ion as required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, serious cadeal with. Three ideas,public servants duty consumption monetizationreform of politics, the economy and the deepe ningof the reform, public servants duty consumption as somewhere between a reform also demonstrated its importance and

22、 urgency. First of all, civil servants especiallyparty andGovernment leaders and public servants duty consumption there are big drawbacks.NPC deputies and CPPCC members and thebroa d masses areconcer ned a bout. Secondly, thepositi on-relatedconsumption of civil servants has been swept by finance, c

23、onsumer, regardless of cost, extravagance and waste in thecivil serviceposition-relatedconsumption, abuse, corrupti on and embezzlement, corruption is important. Then,under theconditionsof market economy, how toreform the existing civilduty consumption management, explores asource toprevent and curb

24、 the post consumption corruption way, is curre ntly a major issue faced byhonest work.Recently, I conducted researchon this issue, this pr oblem on some humble opinions. First, the existingpublic servants duty consumption t he mainprobl ems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, p

25、ubli c servants dutyconsumption causedby the a buses and not a personof integrity, isone of the majorproblems in the party inGovernment, itsoperation order have aup and economicconstruction. From I County in rece nt years of governance situationsee, positions consumption in the producedof two not ph

26、enomenon rendering four a features: a is positionsconsumption system lost has due of binding, right is greater than rules, and right is greaterhan method of phe nome non more highlight; II is inpositions consumption in the CameraObscura operation,usi ng terms, will positi ons consumption intohas per

27、sonal consumption, will corporate points to into personal points to, makespositions consumption insome aspects has into positionsenjoy and self-dealingof means; three is topositions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative corruption phenomena such ascorrupti on and misappr

28、opriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, and post consumption became a symbol of showing off their individualcities. Caused bypublic servants duty consumption of many two phenomenon in which people reflect the biggest probl ems are: (a) the official car problems. Mainly i nt

29、hree aspects: one is the largerbuse s cost expenditure. Accordi ng to statistics, until November 2003,XX County township Department bus 159cars, which de partment owns the bus 145 vehicl es, and showed an increa sing trend. Financial expense s cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every

30、cost up to 50,000 yuan. Some units alsohiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and subsidies. Necessary to keep a car,but also dependants, leading to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy tendencies. Some pe oplebelieve that nowsome busdrivers use one-third, one-third le a

31、ding private one-third used for officialpur poses. Somepublic servants, espe cially leading officials motoring, cars forprivate purposes, violating theself -disci pline regulations, and eve n lead to traffic accidents. According to statistics from relateddepartments, since 2004, the correct investig

32、ation in ourCounty servesnearly 30cars for private purposes, only the first half of this yea等科技黑箱都是如此。這提示我們，對(duì)于歷史上存在過(guò)的知識(shí)應(yīng)予寬容。此外，由于使用者不必從頭學(xué)起即可操作科技黑箱，于是就可能發(fā)生對(duì)科技黑箱的濫用.科學(xué)技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍，科技黑箱無(wú)疑會(huì)使得雙刃劍的哪一刃都變得更為鋒利。(摘編自呂乃基行進(jìn)于世界3 的技術(shù) )1 下列對(duì)于科技黑箱的理解，不正確的一項(xiàng)是A.黑箱，在認(rèn)識(shí)上主體對(duì)其內(nèi)部情況全然不知；而科技黑箱，則至少它的設(shè)計(jì)者理解和掌握其中所含有的知識(shí)。B.與黑箱不同，科技黑箱

33、的操作是可控的，使用者不必透徹掌握其工作原理，只需按規(guī)則操作即可得到預(yù)期的結(jié)果。C.科技黑箱是一種特殊的存貯知識(shí)、運(yùn)行知識(shí)的設(shè)施或過(guò)程，在科技黑箱的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，價(jià)值觀(guān)和倫理道德對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行了修正。D.幾乎技術(shù)的全部中間成果和最終成果，如電腦、手機(jī)，都集成了物理學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等知識(shí)，可以說(shuō)，是科技造就了科技黑箱。2.下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是A.在當(dāng)今世界，每一個(gè)科技黑箱的使用者都能像牛頓一樣“站在巨人的肩上”繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，這個(gè)“巨人”就是科技黑箱.B.知識(shí)通過(guò)科技黑箱這一途徑達(dá)到最大限度的共享，這是現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)天才、黑客和神童不斷出現(xiàn)的根本原因。C.越是高端的科技黑箱，主體對(duì)它的干預(yù)就

34、越大;在認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐的關(guān)系上，實(shí)踐也隨之變得更加復(fù)雜和重要。D.使用者表面上是在支配著科技黑箱，但實(shí)際上他們是在“不知情”的情況下受到了科技黑箱潛移默化的影響。3. 根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，下列理解和分析不正確的一項(xiàng)是A.新的科技黑箱能夠?yàn)橄鄬?duì)“無(wú)知識(shí)”的年輕一代提供崛起和趕超的機(jī)會(huì)，他們即使沒(méi)有掌握科技黑箱中的知識(shí)，也可以享用這些知識(shí)。B.要不要學(xué)習(xí)集成于科技黑箱中已經(jīng)貶值的科技知識(shí)，作者并沒(méi)有給出直接的答案，但提示我們，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些知識(shí)予以寬容。C.科技黑箱不僅包括當(dāng)代的高科技成果，也包括歷史上遺留下來(lái)的很多技術(shù)，如中國(guó)的針灸以及各古老民族中的特殊技法。D.由于科技黑箱使用簡(jiǎn)單方便，于是就可能發(fā)生濫用的

35、現(xiàn)象，其直接后果就是科技這把雙刃劍的哪一刃都變得更加鋒利。二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀 (36 分)(一)文官文閱讀（ 19 分 )閱讀下面的文言文，完成4-7 題。leadersdriving a vehicle a ccident causedby road accidents, 1,1 people killedanddire ct economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Third, high efficiency and lowcost of the bus. Surveys show that, theoperating cos

36、tsof taxis for the 8200/. Isa fundamental priority of the reform, itis a difficultproblem that mustbe solved in the reform proce ss.Clearly, thepost consumption av erages three years before as a ba se and fine-tunedon the ba sis of thi s si ngle practices must be improved. Impr ovements to adhere to

37、 three principles: first,under theexisting policy provisions approved for publicservants duty consumptionstandards,cali bration, is not contrary topoli cy. Se cond, according to the local financialsituation and peoples sustainabilit y, public serva nts duty consumption standar ds approved, both fina

38、ncia l reach, and peworkload.In reform of method Shang, approved civ il servants positions consumption standard to big unified, andsmall dispersed suitable, that most positions consumptistrengtheon project shoul d according topoli cy pr ovidesproposed unified standard, consider to ranks, a ndunits a

39、 nd the work task of differences sex, unified of standard should has elastic of anddynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unified standard Shi has must of flexible disposal right;but since set of standard must after financises toal, and audit, sector audit approved Hou to implementat

40、ion. (C) reform package. Public servants dutyconsumptionelasticityof consumption to limit consumption, turning mess into kitchen after dinner, follow thecivil servant with ahow to use personal title subsidies,or how to manage apersonalfault investigation system, the report said. While other measures

41、 to keepup.Discipline inspection a nd supervision organs, fina ncial, auditing de partments shouldn supervision and inspectionof public servants duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen the reform of public servants duty consumption monetization system, measures todevelop and mon

42、itor the implementation of inspection, notconsumption as required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, serious cadeal with. Three ideas,public servants duty consumption monetizationreform of politics, the economy and the de epe ning ofthe reform, public servants duty consumption as somewhere be

43、tween a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civil servants especiallyparty andGovernment leaders and public servants duty consumption there are big drawbacks.NPC deputies and CPPCC members and thebroa d masses arened a bout. Secondly, theposition-relatedconsumptionof c

44、ivil servants ha s been swe pt by finance,consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance and waste in the civilserviceposition-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzlement, corruption i s important. Then, under the conditions of market economy,how t oreform the existing civilduty consumption

45、management, expl ores a source to prevent andcur b thepost consumption corr uption way, is currently a major issue faced byhonest work.Recently, I conducted research on this issue, thisproblem onsome humbleopinions. First, the existingpubl ic servants duty consumption the main problemsseen from the

46、investigation and reasons, in rece nt years, public servants dutyconsum ptioncausedby the abuses and not aperson of integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, itsoperation or der have anegative effect on the party and Government organs, seri ously damaging the image of thepa

47、rty and t he Govup and economic construction. From I County in recent years of governancesituation see, positions consumption i n theproduce d of two not phenome non rendering four a features: a is positions consumption system losthas due of binding, right is greater than rules, and right is greater

48、 than method of phe nome non more highlight; II is inpositions consumption in the CameraObscuraoperation, using terms, will positions consumption i nto ha s personalconsumption, willcorporate points to into personal points to, makespositions consumption insome aspects has i nto positionsenjoy and se

49、lf-dealing of means; three is to positions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative corrupti on phenomena such ascorr upti on and misappropriation; fourpalaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, andpost consumption became a symbolof showing off their indivi dual capa

50、cities. Caused bypublic servants duty consumption of many two phenome non in which people reflect the biggest problems are: (a) the officialthree aspects: one is the largerbuses cost expenditure. According to statistics, until November 2003,XX County townshi p Department bus 159cars, which departmen

51、t owns the bus 145 vehicles, and showed an increasing trend. Financial expense s cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yuan. Someunits a lsohiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and subsidies. Ne cessary to keep a car,but also dependants, leading to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy tendencies. Some peoplebelieve that nowsome busdrivers use one-third, one-third leading private one-third used for officialpur poses. Somepublic servants, especially leading officials motoring, c