高三英語(yǔ)（閱讀理解）練習(xí)——社會(huì)生活類4

1、高三英語(yǔ)（閱讀理解）練習(xí)社會(huì)生活類4AElephants dont forget-at least, female elephants dont. Elephant families are matriarchal.And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family groups survival, according to a study published in April by Karen McComb, a biologist at Sussex University in Engla

2、nd.Elephants announce their presence by making a deep, long sound, a practice referred to as contact calling .An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby. A stranger can cause trouble, interrupting feeding or disturbing the young. So an elephant matriarch sig

3、nals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller. False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding, so survival may depend in part on getting it right.Working with Cynthia Moss, who founded the Amboseli Eleph

4、ant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago, McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old. She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls. In fact, a

5、group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call. However, families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact

6、call as compared with a familiar call. And they gathered together a lot. Moreover, the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favorable results: Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female-reproductive year.This finding shows how difficult it is to protec

7、t the oldest members of elephant families. As elephants age, they continue to grow larger, as do their much wanted tusks (象牙) .So the older and wiser a matriarch is, the greater the chance she will be killed. About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.1. What does the un

8、derlined word “matriarch” mean? A. An old member of an elephant family.B. A female head of an elephant family. C. A wise elephant.D. A large elephant.2. When do elephants form into a group?A. When they are feeding the young.B. When they see a familiar elephant.C. When they are giving birth to baby e

9、lephants.D. When the leading elephant gives out a warning.3. The research with recordings of contact calls shows . A. how fast elephants form into groupsB. how important the age of a leading elephant isC. how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange callD. how frequently old elephants call ot

10、her members of the family4. The older a female elephant is . A. the stronger she will beB. the poorer memory she will have C. the more useless her tusks will beD. the more likely she will be killed5. We can infer from the passage that elephants may . A. run into other elephant familiesB. give wrong

11、warnings to their mothersC. run away upon hearing a strange sound D. produce more babies by gathering together more oftenBYou are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you

12、which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(內(nèi)化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame

13、 yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, th

14、ey have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same phy

15、sical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause othersand even themselvesto feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around t

16、hem. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible su

17、ffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting

18、 a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems.C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferi

19、ngs.2.According to Paragraph 2, creators _. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future lifeC. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Creators and victims face quite different th

20、ings in life.B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.C. Victims can influence more people than creators.D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.4.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _.A. strong attachment to (沉浸在）sufferings in life pulls people into victimsB. peo

21、ple need family support to deal with challengers in lifeC. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their painsD. ones experiences determine his attitude toward life 5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To define victims and creators.B. To evaluate victims against creato

22、rs.C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.CThe Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful placeNow it is an ecological disaster areaNaurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence-other countries mig

23、ht learn from its mistakesFor thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilizationThe first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling shipHe called the island Pleasant IslandHowever, because it was v

24、ery remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at firstThe whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcoholThese elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the islandA ten-year civil war started，which reduced the population from 1,400 to 9

25、00.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸鹽)on the islandIn fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farmingThe company began mining the phosphateA phosphate mine is not a hole in the gr

26、ound；it is a strip mineWhen a company strip- mines，it removes the to player of soilThen it takes away the material it wantsStrip mining totally destroys the landGradually, the lovely island or Nauru started to look like the moonIn 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the worldEvery year

27、 the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphateUnfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollarsIn addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expensesSoon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was runn

28、ing outNinety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothingBy 2000，Nauru was financially ruinedExperts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the islandThis will probably never happen1.What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo s

29、eek help for Naurus problems BTo tell a heartbreaking story of a warCTo show the importance of money DTo give a warning to other countries2.What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?APeaceful and attractive BModern and openCRich and powerful DGreedy and aggressive3.The ecological disaster in Nau

30、ru resulted fromAsoil pollution Bphosphate overminingCfarming activity Dwhale hunting4.Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?AIts phosphate mining cost much moneyBIt spent too much repairing the islandCIts leaders misused the moneyDIt lost millions of dollars in the civil wa

31、r.5.What can we learn about Nauru from me last paragraph?AThe leaders will take the experts words seriouslyBThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.CThe island was abandoned by the NauruansDThe phosphate mines were destroyedDAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and t

32、hey will almost certainly mention recyclingRecycling in the home is very important of courseHowever, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we needWe are dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we di

33、d not need to bring so much material home in the first place The total amount of packaging has increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005It now makes up a third of a typical households waste in the UKIn many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard Too much packagin

34、g is doing serious damage to the environmentThe UK, for example, is running out of it for burying this unnecessary wasteIf such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effectRecycling helps, but the process itself uses energyThe solution is not to produc

35、e such items in the first placeFood waste is a serious problem, tooToo many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they needHowever, few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example But this is not just abou

36、t supermarketsIt is about all of usWe have learned to associate packaging with qualityWe have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor qualityThis is especially true of foodBut it is also applied to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary There are signs o