高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題解題技巧與方法

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空技巧與方法 解題策略與技巧1. 通讀全文，把握大意。既然是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考語(yǔ)法，那么，我們?cè)诮忸}前，應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文，把握 全文大意，這一步非常重要。2. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，試填空格。讀懂短文之后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分 析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān) 系來(lái)確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，可按設(shè)題類(lèi)型分為三 類(lèi)情況：3. 重讀全文，解決難題。在解題過(guò)程中要先易后難，難題在大部分空格填好后，再經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)推敲，難題也 就不會(huì)再難了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍。一、純空格試題的解題技巧。首

2、先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類(lèi)詞。然后，再根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么 詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。確定填哪類(lèi)詞有以下 7 個(gè)技巧：技巧 1：缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一定是填代詞或名詞 (多考代詞)。如：例 1i can send a message to kenya whenever i want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (2007 年茂名一模)技巧 2：名詞前面，若沒(méi)有限定詞 (冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞 )，很可能填限 定詞。如：例 2it is said that a short-tempered man i

3、n the song dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. (2008 年 廣東高考)例 3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007 年廣東高考)技巧 3：句子不缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語(yǔ)的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填 介詞。例 1 who

4、 should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007 年廣東高考)技巧 4：若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，可能是填連詞。例 1two world-famous artists, pablo picasso _34_ candido portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 例 2all i saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly

5、 gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模)技巧 5：若兩句(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子 )之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是 填并列連詞或從屬連詞。例 1 i wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_i was to return to guangzhou. (2008 年廣州一模)例 2 he was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he

6、 felt very happy (2008 年廣東高考)技巧 6：若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂 不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞 (do, does, did 等)。例 1what is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. (2007 珠三角五校聯(lián)考)例 2 he had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bri

7、ng home a regular salary.技巧 7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1)由 it isthat強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填 it 還是 that。如：例 1 and _40_was only after i heard she became sick that i learned shecouldnt eat msg (味精)! (2007 年廣州一模)(2) 由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等，還是填 do, does, did 等。如：例

8、 1 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(3)由 it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填 it。如：例 1 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008 年佛山二模)例 2dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模)(4)so /suchthat句型。

9、如：例 1 this made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against 謀( 劃對(duì)付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模)(5)morethan (與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)，比更)句型。 如：例 1cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. (2007 深圳寶安期末)二、給出了動(dòng)詞的試題的解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后按以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。 技巧

10、1：若句中沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān) 系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例 1his fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模)例 2 that was definitely not an attractive idea so i politely declined herinvitation, _40_ (close) my book and wa

11、lked away. (2008 年廣州 一模)例 3 in logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007 梅州二模)技巧 2：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)就要確定用 ing 形式、ed 形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有： (1)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，通常用ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。 如：例 1 but it is not enough only _35_(memoriz

12、e) rules from a grammar book. (2007 年佛山一模)例 2 _ (speak) out your inner feelingwont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary(2)作目的狀語(yǔ)或者在形容詞后的作狀語(yǔ)，一般用不定式。如：例 1 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.例 2 some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-wil

13、led, are very likely _33_ (succeed). (2008 年佛山一模)(3)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，常用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò) 去分詞。 如：例 1 he saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” (2008 年?yáng)|莞一模)例 2 the headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests. (4)不論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用ing 形式

14、，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用 ed 形式。 如：例 1 there will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008 年廣州二模)例 2 lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (廣東考試說(shuō)明)(5)括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是考詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換 ,a 作主語(yǔ)、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，用名詞形式。 如：例 1 when chinas ancient scientific an

15、d technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the four great inventions.例 2 these people have made great _39_ (contribute) to china with their work. (2007 年茂名二模)例 3 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008 年三校聯(lián)考)例 4there was a

16、 lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _34_ (attract) (2008 年廣州一模)例 5 when chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the four great inventions.例 6 these people have made great _39_ (contribute) to china with their work.

17、(2007 年茂名二模)例 7 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008 年三校聯(lián)考)b 在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞 (+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。如：例 1 with the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.三、 詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：(一)所給詞

18、若是名詞，作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，通常把名詞變成形容詞形式。 如：例 1 the youngster immediately fell _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例 2 in a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of new zealand, they learnt to例 3 teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject(二)所給詞若是形容

19、詞，技巧 1：在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。 如： 例 1 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar)to those found elsewhere. (2008 年廣州二模)技巧 2：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。 如： 例 1 ?as i looked _32_ (close) at this girl, i fount that (2008 年深圳一模)例 2 there must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008 潮州期末)例 3singles are flocking(涌向) to the internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008 年惠州三模)技巧 3：若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級(jí)。 如：例 1the other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldhe jumped even _36_ (hard) a