英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保試題類型及其解題技巧

1、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)試題類型及其解題技巧 一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。C和D犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、1 Why does time seem to fly by faster as we get old? Youve got your aging brain to blame. This is likely due largely to the physical changes of our nerves and neurons (神經(jīng)元). New research suggests rapid fire abilities of the yo

2、ung brain allow us to process more information during youth, causing the days to seem longer earlier in life. However, as we get old, researchers say the older brain takes more time to process information. The new finding put forward by a Duke University researcher was published in a paper in the jo

3、urnal European Review this week According to Adrian Bejan, the J. A Jones Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke, the physical changes of our nerves and neurons play, a major role in our perception (知覺(jué)) of time as we get old. Over the years these structures become more complex and eventually be

4、gin to degrade. Little babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than adults because theyre processing images at a faster rate, Beian says, For older people, this means fewer images are being processed in the same amount of time, causing experiences to seem as though theyre happening more

5、 quickly. What causes time to fly faster as we get old? ）（1 A. Changes of our nerves and neurons. B. Information in our brain. C. The electrical signals. D. Rapid fire abilities. What is unavoidable in the process of getting old? 2）（ D. Less experience.B. Aging brains. C. More images. A. Longer days

6、. Why do the days seem longer earlier in life? 3）（ A. Young people are more energetic in their life. B. The younger brain takes less time to process information. C. Old people have fewer things to do than young people. D. Little babies move their eyes much more often. What is the best title of the t

7、ext? ）（4 A. Nerves and Neurons B. Time Flies Fast C. The Older, the Faster D. The Function of the Brain A） （1【答案】 B2（） B）（3 C ）4（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了為什么老年人會(huì)覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得較快，主要原因是隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，大腦中神經(jīng)元的變化讓老年人的大腦需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)處理接收到 的信息，這樣就會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得較快。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的 This is likely due largely to the physical changes of

8、 our nerves and neurons (神經(jīng)元?可知，老年人覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得過(guò)快的原因是神經(jīng)和神經(jīng)元的變 。A化。故選 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的Youve got your aging brain to 汢浡?和第二段中的Over the years, these structures become more complex and eventually begin to 敤牧摡?可 。知，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，不可避免的就是大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的老化。故選B （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的最后兩句可知，年輕時(shí)之所以覺(jué)得日子似乎更長(zhǎng)是因?yàn)榇竽X能夠以“快速射擊”的方式處理更多信息。當(dāng)我們變老的

9、時(shí)候，大腦需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)處理信息。所以說(shuō)，相較于老年人，年輕人的大腦花費(fèi)更少的時(shí)間來(lái)處理信息。故選 。B （4）考查主旨大意。文章首句點(diǎn)明了文章談?wù)撝行模簽槭裁措S著我們變老，我們會(huì)覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得更快？后面文章主要解釋了原因：老年人因?yàn)榇竽X退化，神經(jīng)元的變化導(dǎo)致他們 。C覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得較快。C項(xiàng)正好與主旨句呼應(yīng)，故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正 確答案。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。和D、犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的AB、C2 One spring day, once

10、the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盤旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While youre thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me. A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as man

11、y as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixt

12、ure is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lif

13、etime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me. The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, I never go bad.and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally Alas, my good health

14、is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit Id appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild My future depends

15、 on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping without ever asking for anything in return.the bees, who give so muchto you, to me What does me refer to in the passage? ）（1 A. The flower B. The bee C. Water D. Honey nd paragraph mainly about? 2）What is the 2（ B. Bees hard work.

16、A. Bees special talent D. Bees social behavior.C. Bees living environment. What is the purpose of the passage? ）（3 B. To talk about the history of a treasure.A. To appeal for help for honeybees. C. To put forward techniques for gardeners. D. To argue against the control of chemicals. D）（1【答案】 B）（2 A

17、 ）（3【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，用擬人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介紹了蜜蜂雖然只 有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤為人類釀造蜂蜜，人類應(yīng)該保護(hù)蜜蜂。 （1）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段中的“While youre thinking about avoiding an attack, that 敢?獩映捯獵摥漠?潳敭桴湩?汥敳攠瑮物汥屹可知，當(dāng)你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻擊時(shí)，其實(shí)蜜蜂 。指的就是蜜，故選D完全專注于其他的東西蜜，由此可知me （2）考查主旨大意。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，為人類釀造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介紹的是蜜蜂的辛勤工 。

18、作，故選B （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的hus helping the bees, who give so muchto you, to mewithout ever asking for anything in 敲疇湲尮可知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們幫助為人 。A類辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及代詞指代，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱 讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。 犇犇閱讀理解3 Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that

19、 fell to the earth last year. The objects were discovered off the coast of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. The crew of the Nautilus, a private research ship, recovered the rock particles(顆粒).The Nautilus is operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust. The group says its aim at present is to exam

20、ine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before. The search was launched after US government weather stations observed a large meteorite exploding some months ago. The explosion lit up the sky and sent the rock particles to the earth. The meteorite fall was the largest recorded over the

21、United States in at least 20years. The team includes scientists from NASA, the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and the University of Washington. The scientists examined what they believe were two small meteorite fragments. Further testing is needed before they can confirm that the material c

22、ame from the explosion. The Nautilus is equipped with two remotely operated vehicles(ROVs), called Hercules and Argus. These robotic submarines help researchers find and collect materials from the seafloor. The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may

23、have survived and can be studied. For this reason, scientists decided to launch the first intentional search for meteorites from the ocean. Until the latest research, scientists had only accidentally discovered a small number of meteorites from drilling operations. The objects recovered from the bot

24、tom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons. First, meteorite particles are basically made of glassy materials that do not tend to last long in seawater. Secondly, they came from what looked like a small hole on the seafloor. Some evidence shows that they came from some

25、thing that fell. What is the current goal of the crew of the Ocean Exploration Trust? ）（1 B. To observe movements of the universe.A. To recover the rock particles. C. To study unexplored places of the ocean. D. To examine creatures of the explored ocean. What mainly caused the start of the search in

26、 the sea? 2）（ A. A huge meteor shower. B. Business value of meteors. C. Plenty of natural resources. D. The brainstorm of researchers. Why do the scientists prefer to search for meteors in the ocean? 3）（ A. They can find meteors more easily. B. They may find bigger rock particles. C. They like to ex

27、plore strange sea areas. D. They have better submarine equipment. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? 4）（ A. Offer clues for the search. B. Give reasons to support a guess. D. Describe the process of the search.C. Stress the importance of the event. C） （1【答案】 A）（2 B）（3 B ）（4【解析】

28、【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為是去年墜落地球的流星碎片。這些物體是在美國(guó)太平洋沿岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開(kāi)始。 科學(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before.”可知，the Ocean Exploration Trust的船員目 。前的目標(biāo)是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故選C （2）考查推理判斷。根

29、據(jù)第一段中的“Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year.”可知，一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開(kāi) 。A始。故選 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied.”可知，科學(xué)家更喜歡在 。B海洋中尋找流

30、星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。故選 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想給出 。支持猜測(cè)的理由。故選B 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 犇犇閱讀理解4 In our twenties, we find it funny when we

31、 cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it rain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetf

32、ul stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimers disease （老年癡呆癥）？ Well, dont worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers d

33、isease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that its not forgetfulness but not being aware that were forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimers dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory th

34、at the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（認(rèn)知的）damage will progress to full-on AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective mem

35、ory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of redu

36、ced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that

37、 those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without. What can be implied from paragraph 1？（1） A. People can be forgetful at different ages. B. The memory of the young is better than the old. C. Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimers disease. D. Its a

38、rare phenomenon when young people forget something. What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with? ）（2 A. Being aware all the time is a fearful thing. B. Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimers disease. C. Recognizing forgetfulness doesnt mean developing Alzheimers dise

39、ase. D. Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease. What can be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease? 3）（ A. Realizing others forgetfulness. B. Reduced uptake of glucose. C. Having higher intake of glucose. D. Expected increase in brain function. From which is the tex

40、t probably taken? ）（4 A. Science fiction. B. A chemistry book. C. A science research. D. A health brochure. A1（） 【答案】 C）2（ B）（3 C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何預(yù)測(cè)你的記憶喪失是否是老年癡呆 一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，不是遺忘，而是沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我們的健忘讓人們感到害怕。, 癥 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“ In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors ca

41、ts name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze In our forties, we laugh it off as asenior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts

42、to seem a bit dreadful. ”在二十多歲的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們記不起鄰居的貓的名字或是主演一部著名電影的英俊演員時(shí)，我們覺(jué)得很有趣。在三十多歲的時(shí)候，我們開(kāi)玩笑地稱它為“大腦凍結(jié)”，在四十多歲的時(shí)候，我們把它當(dāng)作“老年時(shí)期”來(lái)嘲笑，然后繼續(xù)講這些老年笑話。但現(xiàn)實(shí)是， 。A有這樣的時(shí)候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)可怕，可推知選 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibili

43、ty of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD） ”承認(rèn)自己的健忘也許是一個(gè)很好的跡象，至少?gòu)?。的可能性來(lái)看，可知選,C你患老年癡呆癥 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. ”這是一個(gè)患有老年癡呆癥降低了腦功能的客觀標(biāo)志。正如所料，老年癡呆 。B癥患者的葡萄糖吸收降

44、低，故選 （4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，介紹了如何預(yù)測(cè)你的記憶喪失是 。C否是老年癡呆癥, 故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 5犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive thin

45、gs in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I

46、worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older peoples increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy. When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chase

47、d by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陳代謝) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the

48、 brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are the are sitting. But we could borrow energy when we active than when at rest, in principle, problem is that most of the energy-dema

49、nding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune the the brain, many illnesses and diseases. Like protects system

50、, which, when strong, us from immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy in a our body, immune cells coursing through an the future. We have enormous number of the of needs extra energy, one fine. break from production is So, when our body momentary

51、 places it goes is our immune function. When youre being chased by a tiger, you dont need to all shift need is to to fight off tomorrows cold. What you cells waste energy making immune available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze. As

52、 a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when were happy, but to that mind, Trivers supposed were not. With this background in slow down dramatically when older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more focused on the positive things in l

53、ife in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily. According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, _. ）（1 A. muscles will r

54、espond to it by relaxing a little bit B. organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer it C. immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill it D. brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output In paragraph 3 his relationship most probably refers to the one between _. 2）（ A. exp

55、eriences and related knowledge B. happiness and biological evolution C. immune function and health D. optimism and length of life What can be concluded from Robert Trivers study? ）3（ A. Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life. B. Our ancestors evolved their im

56、mune systems in fighting against fierce animals. C. Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive. D. Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ）（4 A. Brain, muscles and immune system B. Age, health and happiness D. Energy, effort and responseC. Ancestors, emergency and evolution