燒結(jié)自動化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計-—燒結(jié)配料自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計--翻譯文檔

1、- 燒結(jié)配 - 翻譯文燒結(jié)自動化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 料自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 檔INDUSTRY,河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院 COLLEGE OF LIGHTHEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY中英文翻譯設(shè)計題目：燒結(jié)自動化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計燒結(jié)配料自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計學(xué)生姓名：學(xué) 號 ：專業(yè)班級： 09自動化 3 班學(xué) 部：信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)部指導(dǎo)教師：2013年 5月30日目錄目錄原文 1譯文 5河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院原文如今社會鋼鐵行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，前景十分良好，隨著高爐對燒結(jié)礦品質(zhì)要求的 不斷提高，配料已成為燒結(jié)技術(shù)改造的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。眾所周知，燒結(jié)廠配料系統(tǒng)是 整個燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的源頭，它擔(dān)負(fù)著所有燒結(jié)機的混合料供應(yīng)任務(wù)，如果配

2、料系統(tǒng)遇 到問題，那么整個燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)都要被迫停止，而且配料系統(tǒng)的計算也要準(zhǔn)確無誤， 以為燒結(jié)原料的種類多，配料成分隨其供貨渠道的變化而變化，各單配料的配合 比例也會根據(jù)生產(chǎn)的要求隨時變化，而且在生產(chǎn)過程中，物料的黏度、比重、粒 度及環(huán)境的溫度、濕度的變化，也會嚴(yán)重影響下斜的精度，因此，配料系統(tǒng)對于 提高燒結(jié)礦的質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。自上個世紀(jì) 60 年代冶金自動化裝備問世以來，取得了極其迅猛的發(fā)展。特 別是上世紀(jì) 80 年代種類繁多的 PLC和 DCS 的出現(xiàn)，冶金自動化裝備的可靠性和 實時性、可操作性和可維護(hù)性都得到極大地改善。方便的軟件編制和友好的人機 界面，不斷提高的性能價格比，使冶金自動化裝備技

3、術(shù)得到極快的推廣和使用。 “十五”期間 , 我國重點發(fā)展冶金生產(chǎn)過程自動化、工藝智能化和管理信息化技 術(shù)，其中重點推廣和研發(fā)技術(shù)中就有燒結(jié)過程自動化系統(tǒng)。燒結(jié)是把粉狀物料轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹旅荏w，是一個傳統(tǒng)的工藝過程。人們很早就利用 這個工藝來生產(chǎn)陶瓷、粉末冶金、耐火材料、超高溫材料等。一般來說，粉體經(jīng) 過成型后，通過燒結(jié)得到的致密體是一種多晶材料，其顯微結(jié)構(gòu)由晶體、玻璃體 和氣孔組成。燒結(jié)過程直接影響顯微結(jié)構(gòu)中的晶粒尺寸、氣孔尺寸及晶界形狀和 分布。無機材料的性能不僅與材料組成（化學(xué)組成與礦物組成）有關(guān)，還與材料 的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)有密切的關(guān)系。燒結(jié)配料自動控制系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用十分廣泛， 是在自動控制儀表方面尤其

4、突 出。在此方面根據(jù)燒結(jié)工藝需求能將各種礦按照所需量自動投入，由皮帶運到混 合機中進(jìn)行下一步工藝的生產(chǎn)。而近年來，我國的鋼鐵冶煉行業(yè)發(fā)展十分迅速， 燒結(jié)礦是煉鐵的主原料，而配料這一工藝是影響燒結(jié)質(zhì)量的重要環(huán)節(jié)，各稱量設(shè) 備只有達(dá)到一定精度才能保證礦的質(zhì)量。 因此燒結(jié)配料自動控制系統(tǒng)是各大型鋼 鐵廠必不可少的，也可大大提高生產(chǎn)效率。燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的工藝流程一般包括：原燃料接受，貯存及熔劑，燃料的準(zhǔn)備，配 料，混合，布料，點火燒結(jié)，熱礦破碎，熱礦篩分及冷卻，冷礦篩分及冷礦破碎， 鋪底料，成品燒結(jié)礦的貯存及輸出，返礦貯存等工藝環(huán)節(jié)。燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的主要目的是為高爐提供質(zhì)量優(yōu)良，強度高，粉末少，還原性好和河北聯(lián)合

5、大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院成分穩(wěn)定的燒結(jié)礦。國內(nèi)外普遍采用的是常式抽風(fēng)燒結(jié)機， 在我國地方小鐵廠還有相當(dāng)一部分用 平地吹風(fēng)堆燒和箱式抽風(fēng)燒結(jié)。此外，還有回轉(zhuǎn)窯燒結(jié)法、懸浮燒結(jié)法。據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計，目前我國有燒結(jié)機近 500 臺，其中在建和投產(chǎn)的 180660 m2 的大中型燒結(jié)機有 125 臺，燒結(jié)機面積已達(dá)近 40000平方米。未來，我國的燒結(jié) 機將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)全流程工藝技術(shù)裝備的升級換代， 西門子提供的全集成過程控制系 統(tǒng) SIMATICPCS，7 可以幫助鋼鐵企業(yè)在提升產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的同時也將進(jìn)一步降低能源 消耗、減少污染物排放。由此可見，燒結(jié)配料自動控制系統(tǒng)的前景十分樂觀，對 它的需求只會越來越大，不會減少。燒結(jié)工

6、業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展是近些年的事，主要的 技術(shù)新進(jìn)展表現(xiàn)在 :(1) 燒結(jié)工藝進(jìn)一步完善 ;(2) 燒結(jié)設(shè)備進(jìn)一步改進(jìn) ;(3) 新工藝研究。目前我國鋼鐵仍然多數(shù)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備陳舊， 部分采用手動操作， 自動化程度不高， 在配料系統(tǒng)中由于自動化程度較低， 而傳統(tǒng)燒結(jié)工藝中主要依靠工作經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行調(diào) 節(jié)，因此存在以下幾方面的問題：1. 過分依靠配料工經(jīng)驗， 配料工要熟知各個圓盤每變化 1Hz頻率所對應(yīng)的各 秤的流量變化應(yīng)為多少，若配料工經(jīng)驗不足，就會延長調(diào)節(jié)時間2. 調(diào)節(jié)不及時，圓盤下料始終為給定頻率，若料重發(fā)生變化，就會使各秤之 間配比發(fā)生變化；3. 配料工半個小時跑盤一次，工作量較大。4. 由于物料的粉塵污染

7、較嚴(yán)重，嚴(yán)重影響工人的身體健康。隨著燒結(jié)廠配料系統(tǒng)自動化程度的逐步提高， 工業(yè)對配料的要求也越來越嚴(yán) 格，如果配料系統(tǒng)異常，會造成燒結(jié)礦礬礦率增加，結(jié)礦率低，同時導(dǎo)致燒結(jié)礦 消耗燃料上升，燒結(jié)礦應(yīng)有成分波動較大、過少氧化等眾多問題。因此，完善燒 結(jié)配料系統(tǒng)對提高工廠的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)十分重要。 本文介紹的事在配料系統(tǒng)中采 用西門子 S7-300/400 系列 PLC系列在實際中的成功設(shè)計及應(yīng)用。燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)工藝流程大體如下：1、原料接受、貯存、準(zhǔn)備及配料受料系統(tǒng) 主要包括翻車機系統(tǒng)，受料槽，精礦倉，溶劑倉，儲煤倉，主要任務(wù)是擔(dān)負(fù)廠內(nèi)的原料接受、運送和儲備。原料準(zhǔn)備系統(tǒng) 包括含鐵原料的中和，燃料的破碎，

8、熔劑的破碎和篩分。其任務(wù)是為配料工序準(zhǔn)備好符合生產(chǎn)要求的原料、熔劑和燃料。配料系統(tǒng) 包括配料間的礦槽、給料圓盤、稱量設(shè)備等。根據(jù)規(guī)定的燒河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院結(jié) 礦化學(xué)成分，通過計算，按配比、重量進(jìn)行給料，以保證混合料和燒結(jié)礦化 學(xué)成分穩(wěn)定，并擔(dān)負(fù)生石灰的加水和燃料的調(diào)整。2、混合、燒結(jié)、抽風(fēng)、冷卻混合、造球系統(tǒng) 主要包括一次混合， 混合料礦槽，二次混合等工作 （如果使用熱返礦，包括返礦打水） ，其任務(wù)是加水，濕潤混合料，再經(jīng)混合機將混 合料混勻，造成小球，并對混合料進(jìn)行預(yù)熱。燒結(jié)系統(tǒng) 包括鋪料，點火，燒結(jié)等。抽風(fēng)系統(tǒng) 包括風(fēng)箱，集塵管，除塵，抽風(fēng)等。產(chǎn)品處理系統(tǒng) 包括破碎，冷卻、篩分、返礦處理

9、和鋪底料的分出，成品運輸?shù)?。為了使燒結(jié)礦滿足高爐冶煉的要求， 必須根據(jù)原料條件， 準(zhǔn)確地計算出鐵料、 溶劑、燃料的配比， 并根據(jù)配料比進(jìn)行配料， 使配合料的主要成分如鐵、 氧化鈣、 二氧化石硅、硫、固定碳等的含量合乎規(guī)定的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。燒結(jié)廠使用的原料品種 比較多，各種原料的化學(xué)成分相差也較大，即使是同一品種的原料，其化學(xué)成分 也有波動。配料工序就是根據(jù)燒結(jié)礦的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)要求，進(jìn)行計算配料，控制和穩(wěn) 定燒結(jié)礦的化學(xué)成分在允許的范圍內(nèi)波動。同時還可根據(jù)各種原料的粒度、熔點 及燒結(jié)性能配入適量的燃料，保證燒結(jié)料含碳量適合于燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的要求，并為有 效地除去有害渣質(zhì)和控制 FeO 的含量創(chuàng)造條件。自動配料控

10、制過程是一個多輸入、多數(shù)出，且各條配料輸送生產(chǎn)線嚴(yán)格協(xié)調(diào) 控制，對料位、流量及時準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行監(jiān)測和調(diào)節(jié)。因此，系統(tǒng)由可編程控制器與 電子皮帶秤組成一個兩極計算機控制系統(tǒng)。通過現(xiàn)場總線連接現(xiàn)場儀器儀表、控 制計算機、 PLC、變頻器等智能程度較高、處理速度快的設(shè)備。在自動配料生產(chǎn)工藝過程中，將輔料與主料按一定比例配合，由皮帶秤完成 對皮帶輸送機輸送的物料進(jìn)行計量。 PLC 主要承擔(dān)對輸送設(shè)備、秤量系統(tǒng)的過程 進(jìn)行實時控制，并完成對系統(tǒng)故障檢測、顯示及報警，同時向變頻器輸出信號調(diào) 節(jié)皮帶機轉(zhuǎn)速。WinCC是在生產(chǎn)和過程自動化中解決可視化和控制任務(wù)的工業(yè)技術(shù)中性系 統(tǒng)。它提供了適用于工業(yè)的圖形顯示、消

11、息、歸檔以及報表的功能模板。高性能 的過程耦合、快速的畫面更新、以及可靠的數(shù)據(jù)使其具有高度的實用性。本套系統(tǒng)考慮采用集散控制配料系統(tǒng)。綜述了 WinCC、PLC 技術(shù)、變頻調(diào)速 技術(shù)的概況。在這個控制系統(tǒng)中，各儀表的數(shù)據(jù)可由計算機鍵盤操作實現(xiàn)對每臺 儀表的配比設(shè)定及啟停動作，計算機主要承擔(dān)管理工作，不直接控制配料，故計 算機出現(xiàn)故障時可關(guān)掉計算機，此時儀表仍可獨自配料，形成一個小小的閉環(huán)。河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院畫面監(jiān)控可實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場動態(tài)畫面， 顯示設(shè)備運行狀況， 可以實施定值、 配比、 料種、 時間的設(shè)定，可以進(jìn)行記錄的查詢，顯示歷史實時趨勢曲線，并對故障、異 常情況進(jìn)行記錄、保存、打印和查詢，所以

12、這套系統(tǒng)應(yīng)能很好的滿足現(xiàn)場工藝的 要求。軟件設(shè)計控制任務(wù)由 S7-300 可編程序控制器來完成，過程監(jiān)視及遠(yuǎn)程操 作由 WinCC來完成。河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院譯文Now the iron and steel industry the rapid development of society, foreground is very good, with the blast furnace to sinter quality requirements increasing, ingredients has become a key link in modification of sintering

13、 technology. As everyone knows, batching system sintering plant is the whole sintering production source, it undertakes the mixture supply task for all of the sintering machine, if you encounter problems batching system, then the whole sintering production could be forced to stop, and the calculatio

14、n burden system should also be accurate, many think of sintering material, change of ingredients with delivery channel. The proportion of change, each single ingredients can change at any time according to the requirements of production, but also in the production process, material proportion, visco

15、sity, particle size and environmental temperature, humidity changes, will seriously affect the lower accuracy, therefore, batching system for improving the quality of vital sinter.Since the last century since the 60s of metallurgical automation equipment available, has been developing very rapidly.

16、Especially there are many kinds of PLC and DCS in the 80s of the last century, metallurgical automation equipment reliability and real-time performance, operability and maintainability are greatly improved. The software is convenient and friendly man-machine interface, continuously improve the perfo

17、rmance price ratio, the equipment and technology of metallurgical automation has been popularized and use fast. Fifteen period, the development of key metallurgical production process automation, intelligent process and management of information technology in our country, which focus on the promotio

18、n and development of technology in sintering process automation system.Sintering is the powdery material into a compact body, is a traditional process. People are already using this technology to the production of ceramic, powder metallurgy, refractories, high temperature materials etc. In general,

19、the powder after forming, compact body obtained by sintering is a polycrystalline material, the microstructure consists of crystal, vitreous and hole. Sintering process directly affect the microscopic structure of the grain size, pore size and shape and the distribution of grain boundary. Properties

20、 of inorganicmaterials5河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院not only with material (chemical composition and mineral composition), it also has a close relation with the materials microstructure.Sintering batching control system now is widely used in automatic control instrument, especially. In this respect according to the de

21、mand of sintering process can be all kinds of mine in accordance with the required amount of automatic input, by the belt to the mixer for next process. In recent years, the development of iron and steel smelting industry in China is very rapid, sinter is the main raw material for iron making, and t

22、he ingredients of this process is an important link of influence of sintering quality, each weighing equipment only reaches a certain precision to ensure the quality of mine. Therefore the sintering batching control system is essential for the large-scale iron and steel plant, but also can greatly i

23、mprove the production efficiency.The process of sintering production generally include: raw material acceptance, storage and flux, fuel preparation, batching, mixing, ignition cloth, sintering, hot ore crushing, hot mine sieving and cooling, cold sinter screening and cold ore crushing, bedding, stor

24、age and output of finished sinter, mineral storage process.The main purpose of sintering production is for the blast furnace to provide excellent quality, high strength, less powder, good reducibility and stable composition of sinter.Commonly used at home and abroad is often type draught sintering m

25、achine, in our local small iron works and quite a part of ground air firing and box draught sintering. In addition, there is the rotary kiln sintering method, suspended sintering method.According to the relevant statistics, at present our country sintering machine 500 sets, which in the construction

26、 and production of 180 660 m2 large sintering machine 125 Taiwan, sintering machine area has reached 40000 square meters. Future, sintering machine in China will continue to advance the process technology and equipment upgrading, SIMATICPCS7 fully integrated process control system provides the Sieme

27、ns, can help the iron and steel enterprises in upgrading the quality of products at the same time willalso further reduce theenergy consumption, reduced pollutant discharge. Thus, the automatic control system of sintering burdening is very optimistic about the prospects, the demand for it will becom

28、e more and more big, will not be reduced. The rapid development河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院of sintering industry is in recent years, new technology developments in the performance of the:(1) to further improve the sintering process.(2) to further improve the sintering equipment.(3) the new technology research.At pres

29、ent, Chinas steel production is still the majority of obsolete equipment, part of the manual operation, the degree of automation is not high, in batching system due to a lower degree of automation, the traditional sintering process mainly depends on the experience of regulation, so the existing prob

30、lems in the following aspects:1. relying too much on ingredients work experience, flow rate changes to the scale of each ingredient known as a variation of 1Hz frequency corresponding to the should for how many, if the ingredients work experience, will prolong the adjustment time2. the adjustment is

31、 not timely, disc material is always given frequency, if the feed weight changes, will make the ratio of the scale changes between;3. ingredients work half an hour to run a time, workload.4. due to dust pollution material is more serious, serious impact on the health of workers.Along with the gradua

32、lly improve the degree of automation of sintering plant dosing system, industrial requirements of ingredients are also more stringent, if batching system abnormalities, can cause the sinter ore rate increases, nodes ore rate is low, at the same time lead sinter fuel consumption rise, many problems o

33、f sinter composition fluctuation is too large, due to oxidation. Therefore, improving sintering batching system is very important to improve the technical and economic index of plant. This paper introduces the design and application of the success of Siemens S7-300/400 series PLC Series in practice

34、in batching system.Production process of sintering of roughly as follows:1. raw material receiving, storage, preparation and ingredientsFeeding system, mainly including car dumper system, feeding trough, concentrate warehouse, solvent warehouse, storage bunker, the main task is to take the raw mater

35、ial receiving, shipping and storage.河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院Raw material preparation system, including neutralization iron-containing raw material, fuel flux crushing, crushing and screening. Its task is ready for raw materials, flux and fuel production requirements for batch process.Batching system, including or

36、e groove, between ingredients feed disc, weighing equipment etc. According to the chemical composition, sintering ore specified by calculation, according to the ratio, weight of feeding, mixed feeding to ensure stable and sinter chemical composition, and responsible for lime water and fuel adjustmen

37、t.2. mixed, sintering, cooling, ventilationMixing, pelleting system, including a mixed, mix mine groove, two mixed work (if you use hot returning ore, including mineral water), whose mission is to add water, wet mixture, then mixed the mixture mixing, resulting in the ball, and preheating the mixtur

38、e.The sintering system, including paving, ignition, sintering etc.The ventilation system, including wind, dust, dust, exhaust and so.Product handling system, including crushing, cooling, screening, mineral processing and bedding out, finished product transportation.In order to meet the requirements

39、of blast furnace sinter, must according to the raw material conditions, the accurate calculation of iron material, solvent, fuel ratio, and according to the proportion of ingredients, the technical standard with the main content of material such as iron, calcium oxide, silicon oxide, sulfur two ston

40、e, fixed carbon, according to the provisions. Comparison of multiple sintering plant using a variety of raw materials, chemical composition of various raw materials are also great, even with a variety of raw materials, its chemical composition has fluctuation. The batching process is according to th

41、e requirement of quality index of sinter, calculate ingredients, chemical composition and control of stabilized sinter fluctuations in the allowed range. At the same time can also be based on a variety of grain size of raw material, melting and sintering properties of adding fuel, ensure sinter carb

42、on content is suitable for sintering production requirements, and effectively remove the content of harmful residues and control FeO conditions.The automatic batching control process is a multiple input, the majority, and each ingredient conveying production line strictly coordinated control, on the

43、 material level, flow of timely and accurate monitoring and regulation. Therefore,河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院the system consists of a programmable controller and electronic belt scale is composed of a bipolar computer control system. On-site instrumentation, control computer, PLC, frequency converter and intelligent

44、 degree high, processing equipment speed through the field bus connectionIn the production process of the automatic batching process, the material and main material in certain proportion, completed by the belt weigher conveying belt conveyor material measurement. PLC is mainly responsible for the process of conveying equipment, weighing system for real-t