解析《奧賽羅》悲劇的社會因素Analysis the Social Factors of the Tragedy Othello

1、【英文】畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文解析奧賽羅悲劇的社會因素analysis the social factors of the tragedy othello contentsenglish abstract.ichinese abstract.ii. introduction1analysis of racial discrimination.22.1. theoretical analysis.22.2. racial discrimination in othello .32.3 the influence of racial discrimination on othellos character.

2、6. influence of the feudal patriarchy on tragedy of othellos marriage.103.1. theoretical analysis.103.2 othellos male chauvinism in his marriage. 113.3 desdemonas over-obedience in her marriage.14. conclusion .16acknowledgements.18references19 analysis the social factors of the tragedy othello name:

3、 pan jianchao major: english tutor: he zhanyi abstract: othello was written by shakespeare in 1604 and it is the mostcontroversial one of shakespeares four major tragedies. traditional humanistreadings largely ignored the impact of social forces on the tragedy of the famous playthey just saw the pla

4、y as concerned simply with the flaws in othellos characteristics“theory of jealousy” has been dominant in shakespeares research for a long time.according to many views on the tragedy of othello in my opinion it was a doomedtragedy. based on social factors this paper tries to explore the deep social

5、reasons oftragedy of othello. because of the tumor of racial discrimination in society the whitehas superiority of its race and culture while the black has to take the burden of theirsense of self-based psychology. in addition the feudal dark forces of the patriarchalculture and medieval religious c

6、onventions were still dominated the social ideologyso the social factors make a great influence on the causes of the tragedy othello. key words: social factors racial discrimination patriarchy tragedy 解析奧賽羅悲劇的社會因素 學(xué) 生：潘建超 專 業(yè)：英 語 指導(dǎo)老師：何占義 摘要:奧瑟羅是莎士比亞在 1604 年所創(chuàng)作的，它是莎士比亞四部主要悲劇中最有爭議的一部。傳統(tǒng)的人文主義讀本大多忽視了社會

7、因素對這部著名悲劇的影響，而是僅僅簡單認為這部戲劇主要關(guān)注的是奧賽羅性格的缺陷，“嫉妒說”曾在奧賽羅研究中一直占據(jù)著統(tǒng)治地位。根據(jù)對奧賽羅悲劇的不同觀點，筆者認為，這是一部注定的悲劇。從社會因素出發(fā)，本論文探究了造成奧賽羅悲劇的深層社會原因。由于社會存在種族歧視這顆毒瘤，白種人有著種族及文化優(yōu)越感，而黑人不得不承受自卑的心理壓力，另外，父權(quán)制以及中世紀宗教習(xí)俗等封建黑暗勢力依舊主導(dǎo)著當(dāng)時的社會意識形態(tài)，因此，社會因素對奧賽羅悲劇的發(fā)生有著重大影響。 關(guān)鍵詞：社會因素；種族歧視；父權(quán)制；悲劇.introduction othello is one of shakespeares four maj

8、or tragedies. although the plot of theplay is very simple it reflects many aspects of life. since hundreds of years ago manycritics have been arguing on what the root of tragedy is. just like kmnewtonpointed that “othello has produced more controversial critical echo than any other ofwilliam shakesp

9、eares tragedy plays.” reference guide to english literature p401 oneview is that jealousy and credulity make othello lose his reason and human natureand another view is that the great power of evil causes the tragedy of othellohowever i think no matter what the view is the tragedy is inevitable and

10、it has aclose connection with othellos society and time. in othello through the tragedy ofthe very individual shakespeare emphasized the influence of the society andindicated the relationship between the very individual and the society. certainly acertain individual must be influenced by a certain t

11、ime and society. on the angle ofracial discrimination othello just reflects the whites superiority of its race andculture and people living on the margins of society owning self-abased characteristicin their deep heart. in addition the feudal dark forces of the patriarchal culture and medievalreligi

12、ous conventions were still dominated the social ideology. it attached tremendoussignificance to the cause of unfettering individuals from feudal conventions. while itis widely acknowledged that “individual” here exclusively refers to the male in thesociety in other words the society was still forcef

13、ully dominated by men inaccordance with strictly hierarchy and women were still proceeding in inferiority andshowing up to meet mens needs. they were required to be subject to their fathersbefore marriage and to their husbands after marriage. fathers authority andhusbands authority together make up

14、the doctrine of patriarchal culture. this led tothe male chauvinism and womens over-obedience prevalent around the wholeeuropean in that age. although othello and desdemonas tragedy is more or less canbe blamed on them however our attitude to their tragedy is not disgusting and hatredbut mercy and r

15、egret othello and desdemonas death is deeply rooted in the socialand time the powerful forces of darkness like cruel waves engulfed them in thecurrents of history. all of the social reasons consist of the main factors of thetragedy othello.analysis of racial discrimination2.1theoretical analysis rac

16、e on the international stage has been become an important topic for a longtime. we know that since the birth of mankind we had already been divided intodifferent races and then the fallacy of racial discrimination were appearing. racialdiscrimination from the beginning of human history to now have n

17、ever stoppedarguing and race is also a very sensitive topic. “racial discrimination is a kind ofprejudice and unfair attitude to the colored people”. （liu xiaojuan 2006）namelyin broad sense except white person all the other colored people are the subject toracial discrimination. for the colored peop

18、le the racial discrimination is a nightmare. “in fact in thetime of elizabeth with the expansion of the colonist the discrimination for the blackpeople became more and worse.” bloom harold.p87 we know in the early slave tradethe black people were the main victims. they were killed and sold. hey had

19、nofreedom and wisdom. they were nothing. for the white people the black people werethe tools for them to get profit. they were forced to work for the white people. the racial discrimination was also one of the causes of othellos tragedy. therewas no doubt that othello a black moor lived in the time

20、and society ofdiscrimination. this discrimination did not come from some single people but fromall the walks of the country. 2.2 racial discrimination in othello racial discrimination reflected in every part of othello. though othello is noblemoorish descent he is a moor so he is easily subject to d

21、iscrimination. thoughothello is an excellent commander in the wars when he in search for his identity in awhite world he is deeply feeling that he was a cultural otherness. “othello is clearlyan outsider in venice. he is belongs to different races and countries and come fromnorth africa to help veni

22、ce fight against the turks. in addition othello come fromdifferent communities of discourse and language so he is not someone who ismanaging venetian culture and language.”diane andrews henningfeld p25because of his great military exploits he served in the venice government and isrespected by the ve

23、netian but this respect is conditional because he undertakes thetough task to protect the safety of the white government of venice in other wordsuch respect is built on the basis of othellos unique military gifts once he threatensto venetians reputation status such respect can be thwarted. no matter

24、 someone whoown high status such as brabantio or have low-status such as roderigo and iago areboth hold racial prejudice to othello. firstly let us focus our attention on brabantio othellos father-in-law he wasalso a pure racist. brabantio is the senator of venice from his inconsistent attitudetowar

25、d othello we can see that how serious of his racial discrimination psychology inhis mind. before he knew othello and his daughter fell in love he treated othello ashis honorable guest just as othello said：her father loved me oft invited mestill questioned me the story of my lifefrom year to year the

26、 battles sieges fortunesthat i have passed. othello p37from this we can see that before brabantio knew othello fall in love with his daughterhe regarded him as the best friend while he knew it in his eyes othello became aguilty moor. if we think carefully we can get a conclusion that people who like

27、othello with so prominent fame and social status how he doesnt deserve hisdaughter desdemona if we can ignore the racial discrimination against the blackpeople the marriage in our eyes is perfect enough. just because othello is an africanmoors brabantio opposed to the marriage so strongly. to braban

28、tio the marriagebetween his daughter and moors can be seen as a great shame of his family as well ashimself. secondly let us shift our eyes on iago and roderigo. in iagos eyes othello is aquotold black ramquot “ barbary horse”，and embodiment of devil. due to iagosdiscrimination coupled with his fail

29、ure to be promoted by othello and plus otherminor reasons arousing his extreme hatred toward othello which promote him to seta plot to revenge on him. firstly he successfully took advantage of cassios kindnessto make othello remove his post of lieutenant then he suggested cassio to seek favorfrom de

30、sdemona during this period he grasped the opportunity of desdemonasenthusiasm of helping cassio to successfully instigate othellos suspicion. later hecreated a handkerchief incident which deepened the suspicion of othello finally hesuccessfully arranged the meeting of cassio and desdemona which made

31、 othellofurther believe his suspicion on desdemona. iagos scheme make othello goes crazy.this is iagos whole process of implementation of his conspiracy. from this we cansee iagos motive of treacherous behavior juggle plot ruthless revenge and tramplingall moral norms with impunity is completely out

32、 of his racial discrimination. what hehas dong also shows his intolerable hostility to the progressive ideal and faith ofhuman. roderigo attitude toward othello can be regarded as the representatives ofsecular commons in 17th century. he once said: i say again hath made a gross revolt tying her duty

33、 beauty wit and fortunes in an extravagant and wheeling stranger of here and everywhere. straight satisfy yourself. othello p14 there is no other better evidence to prove the secular racial discrimination thanthis sentence. obviously in the eyes of roderigo othello is a “wheeling stranger” inshort h

34、e believes that othello the moor does not deserve the love of desdemona. overall we can see that the social discrimination is the root of the tragedy ofothello. there are three reasons can prove that. first of all shakespeares descriptionsor hints on different social classes racial discrimination in

35、 his drama making us havea clear knowledge of the whole social background of that time. racial discriminationjust like a vicious tumor is widespread in all social classes it is the biggest obstaclefor othello and desdemona to pursuit their love on the road. second iago thedesigner of the plot and th

36、e manipulator of the tragedy hates othello and the roots ofhis hatred lies in othellos moorish identity and his skin color. iagos evil hideousface cover his racial discrimination on othello makes it difficult for common peopleto see the truth. kind-hearted people tend to be confused by iagos lies an

37、d they thinkthat the root of the tragedy is caused by iagos unsuccessful job promotions or theunwarranted adultery between desdemona and cassio but all of these are minorsthey just serve as a catalyst for the evil root of racial discrimination finally othello the victim of the tragedy is also the tr

38、agedys accomplicethough his nature losing is closely linked with the racial discrimination we cantignore that his character flaws also make a great influence on the causing of thetragedy. due to the racial discrimination and iagos trickery othello suspicion wasinstigated he slowly believes that a mo

39、or could not actually win the love of a whitegirl gradually he loses his confidence and becoming self-based. at beginning hefirmly believes desdemonas loyalty and chastity but slowly he begin to suspectdesdemonas motivation of love and finally he completely denied desdemonas love but believing that

40、desdemona is a “wicked whore” step by step he make the tragedypersonally. in summary we can say that racial discrimination is the main source of thetragedy othello.2.3 the influence of racial discrimination on othellos characteristics any persons characteristics are affected by the society. othello

41、is the same asthat and his characteristics are the outgrowth of the society. in othellos societyracial discrimination appears everywhere. it is understandable that othello as amarginal person who is often looked down upon owns a sense of inferiority complex.because of a sense of inferiority complex

42、othello is easy to have jealousy andcredulity characteristics that cause the tragedy.2.3.1 othellos sense of inferiority complex if someone is discriminated by the others the inferiority complex is easilycoming out from his bottom of heart. inferiority complex once formed and developedit will be having a significant negative impact on human psychology. self-deniedideals are easily arousing upheaval and dramatic changes in ones emotion and mindmoreover itll seriously affect peoples work and life sometimes under a certain