2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION單元檢測(cè)新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

1、2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) unit 1 science fiction單元檢測(cè)新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) unit 1 science fiction單元檢測(cè)新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)年級(jí)：姓名：?jiǎn)卧C合檢測(cè)(一).閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)acontrolling your food longings and dropping pounds fast is easy：just eat breakfast.the editors of “eat this，not that！” carried out research to deter

2、mine some best breakfast foods for weight loss.black beansprotein，per 1/2 cup：7gblack beans will not only fill you up for hours but also help slim you down.wake forest baptist medical center researchers found that with black beans consumed daily，study participants fat reduced by 4 percent over two y

3、ears.peanut butterprotein，per 2 tbsp(湯匙)：78gwhile processed peanut butter is filled with sugar and oils，the real stuff is made with just two ingredients：salt and peanuts.the peanut is filled with hearthealthy monounsaturated(單一不飽和的) fats.nutritionist and personal trainer kristin reisinger suggests u

4、sing the healthy fat in an am smoothie.almond butterprotein，per 2 tbsp：78g“almond butter is high in protein，fiber and monounsaturated fats，”says martha mckittrick，rdn，cde.“studies have also shown that people who eat nuts are less likely to become overweight than those who avoid them，because it helps

5、 you feel fuller.”to get the benefits at breakfast，mckittrick suggests spreading some nut butter on the whole grain toast.eggsprotein，per two large eggs：13g“eggs are an excellent source of protein and other healthy nutrients including fatburning choline(膽堿)，”says mckittrick.choline，also found in lea

6、n(瘦的) meats，seafood and collard greens，attacks the gene mechanism that causes your body to store fat around your liver(肝臟)，according to zero belly cookbook.the more eggs you eat，the less eggshaped you get.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了黑豆、花生醬等幾種可作為早餐食用以達(dá)到減肥效果的食物，并列舉了它們各自的蛋白質(zhì)含量及減肥原理。1which two foods contain the same amo

7、unt of protein?ablack beans and eggs.balmond butter and eggs.cblack beans and peanut butter.dpeanut butter and almond butter.d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中每種食物蛋白質(zhì)含量的描述“peanut butter protein，per 2 tbsp(湯匙)：78g”及“almond butter protein，per 2 tbsp：78g”可知，peanut butter 和almond butter的蛋白質(zhì)含量相同。故選d。2how does almond butter hel

8、p control weight?ait helps people sleep better.bit offers people more protein.cit makes people feel fuller.dit makes people burn more calories.c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)almond butter部分的內(nèi)容“studies have also shown that people who eat nuts are less likely to become overweight than those who avoid them，because it helps

9、you feel fuller.”可知，杏仁醬是通過(guò)使人更有飽腹感來(lái)幫助控制體重的。故選c。3what food will a doctor advise heart disease patients to eat?apeanut butter.balmond butter.cblack beans. deggs.a推理判斷題。根據(jù)peanut butter部分的“the peanut is filled with hearthealthy monounsaturated(單一不飽和的) fats.”可知，花生含有利于心臟健康的單一不飽和脂肪，所以醫(yī)生們會(huì)建議心臟病患者吃這種食物。故選a。bf

10、or children，eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomesit is also about developing good ones.several studies have looked at the longterm effects eating with families has on children.experts say that these studies do not seem to prove a causeandeffect relationship.however，the

11、y do suggest a strong correlationabout three years ago，the organisation for economic cooperation and development(oecd) looked at data from nearly three quarters of the worlds countries.among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip s

12、chool.children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to be badlybehaved.that is a finding of a study by the national center on addiction and substance abuse(casa) at columbia university in new york.in the casa report，titled“the importance of family dinners ”，researchers say，“t

13、eens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about whats really going on in their lives.”they also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents，they are less likely to behave badly.another study from the university of montreal found that childr

14、en who ate with their families experienced longterm physical and mental health benefits.these children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks.they also seemed to have better social skills.one researcher，linda pagani says that “there is a handful of research suggesting a p

15、ositive link between eating family meals together frequently and child and adolescent health”pagani says that “mealtimes shared with parents likely provide young children with firsthand social interaction，discussions of social affairs and daytoday concerns”she adds that they may likely help the chil

16、dren have better communication skills with others.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了與家人一起進(jìn)餐對(duì)孩子的好處，這不但能防止不良后果的發(fā)生，而且能幫助孩子養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)已被多項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究所證明。4what does the underlined word“correlation”mean?aeffect. bcause.coutcome. dtie.d詞義猜測(cè)題。文章第一段中談到，研究似乎并沒(méi)有證明兩者之間有著必然的因果關(guān)系，但是作者筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，引出它們之間還是有一定關(guān)系(correlation)的。故畫(huà)線詞意為“關(guān)系，相關(guān)性”。5i

17、n which aspect can eating family meals together influence children according to the oecd?aacademic performance. bphysical health.cmental health. dsocial skills.a推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干的oecd把線索定位到文章第二段，第二段最后一句談到與家人共進(jìn)正餐的學(xué)生逃學(xué)的可能性更小，所以可推知，是否和家人一起進(jìn)餐對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)水平有影響。故選a項(xiàng)。6how do children benefit from eating family meals to

18、gether according to pagani?aby having healthy food and drinks.bby forming good eating habits.cby becoming more social.dby understanding their parents life.c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“mealtimes shared with parents likely provide young children with firsthand social interaction，discussions of social affairs and

19、 daytoday concerns”和“they may likely help the children have better communication skills with others”可知，pagani認(rèn)為和家人一起進(jìn)餐能讓孩子親身接觸社交，并參與對(duì)社會(huì)事務(wù)的討論等，這很可能幫助孩子跟他人更好地交流。由此可知，pagani認(rèn)為孩子可以通過(guò)跟家人一起用餐來(lái)提高自己的交際能力，故選c項(xiàng)。7what is mainly talked about in the passage?aeasy tips on eating family meals.bbenefits of family d

20、inners to children.clinks between eating together and child health.dfindings of studies about enjoying family dinners.b主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章的主題是與家人一起進(jìn)餐對(duì)孩子的好處，故b項(xiàng)概括得最為全面。cscientists in england are using two selfdirected water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the celtic sea.the celtic sea

21、is a body of water off the southern coast of ireland.the area is known for its unusual sea life.scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the atlantic ocean.one of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(電池)it collects information for the national oceanography

22、center in southampton，england，and the world wildlife fund.the vehicles low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.reports of what it finds in the celtic sea are sent by satellite.stephen woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.he says the vehicle has

23、equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游動(dòng)物)and fish.he adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life.the vehicle also creates a map of the sea.another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind.it can stay floating on water for mont

24、hs.the robotic vehicle sends information about the socalled biodiversity hotspots.a biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.lavinia suberg is one of the scientists studying the celtic sea.she says productive ocean areas，like the celtic sea，attract

25、 zooplankton.the zooplankton then attracts fish.she adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories.scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected infor

26、mation.they say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the celtic sea for future management and protection.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。英國(guó)科學(xué)家利用機(jī)器人式水上車(chē)輛探索凱爾特海，旨在弄清為什么有如此之多的動(dòng)植物生活在該海域。8why do the british scientists explore the celtic sea?ato study the geography of the sea.bto learn why th

27、e sea is rich in sea life.cto test their selfdirected water vehicles.dto learn about the sea creatures in the sea.b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the atlantic ocean.”可知，英國(guó)科學(xué)家研究該海域的目的是弄清為什么海洋生物被吸引到該海域。9according to the text，the water vehicles

28、 aare controlled directly by humansbwork depending on the map of the seaccan send the information back directlydcan keep floating on water for a long timed細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“the vehicles low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“it can stay floating on water for

29、 months.”可知，水上車(chē)輛能在海上漂浮很久。10according to lavinia suberg，the sea mammals and birds aare afraid of living alonebmainly feed on zooplanktonclike to live in warm ocean areasdare especially interested in fishd細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“she adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and

30、birds.”可知，海洋哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)魚(yú)很感興趣。11what is the last paragraph mainly about?athe aim of sea exploration.bthe cost of exploring the sea.cthe importance of the water vehicles.dways to deal with the collected information.c段落大意題。通讀最后一段尤其是根據(jù)最后一段中的“greatly reduces，spend more time”和“a better understanding”可知，本段旨在介

31、紹機(jī)器人式水上車(chē)輛在海底探索中的重要性。故選c。dgiven the recent interest in green buildings in the media，lets think differently.instead of focusing on increasing the supply of energy，what if we focus on reducing demand?can we start with ending the opendoor practice of streetfront shops? while cool air from these shops is

32、 refreshing to pedestrians，it carries a cost.energy is used in the air conditioning process.so it must be possible to look for changes in regulations that would encourage more energysaving designs.for instance，if we fix ceiling fans，airconditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year.

33、ceiling fans use far less energy.they were common in buildings before air conditioners were available.i wonder how many hours in a year air conditioners could stay if ceiling fans were fixed.in homes built under the smallhouse policy in new territories，the ceiling may be too low for ceiling fans.if

34、the 9metre maximum building height regulation were relaxed，ceiling fans could be fixed to reduce energy use.current thinking in sustainable building design and operation involves integrated(協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的) design；that is，bring together all parties to create a building with better performance that achieves en

35、ergy reduction.for integrated design to succeed，all parties must come together and think beyond each persons circle of influence.better solutions are impossible to avoid with integrated design.buildings would no longer be engineered after the basic architecture was built.positive project outcomes ma

36、y include reduced airconditioning load，reduced power use for electric lighting，and a reduction in the amount of materials used.we need to ask if we are ready to look beyond our own small circles and seek an improved approach to building design.by that i mean an integrated design resulting in more su

37、stainable buildings.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為街邊商店敞門(mén)開(kāi)空調(diào)的做法雖然給人們帶來(lái)了涼爽，但卻浪費(fèi)了大量的能源。所以他鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能的集成設(shè)計(jì)，即在住宅建成前統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)，安裝吊扇，減少空調(diào)的負(fù)荷及照明用電等能源。12whats the authors attitude towards the opendoor practice of the street shops?asupportive. bdisapproving.coptimistic. duncaring.b觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然這些商店的涼爽空氣給行人提神，但opendoor prac

38、tice卻帶來(lái)了成本，在空調(diào)降低溫度的過(guò)程中消耗了大量能源?？芍麑?duì)此是持不贊成的態(tài)度的。故選b項(xiàng)。13why does the author suggest fixing ceiling fans?ato follow an old practice.bto help reduce energy use.cto completely replace air conditioners.dto help cut down on daily expenses.b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“for instance，if we fix ceiling fans，airconditioning hom

39、es could surely be avoided for part of the year.ceiling fans use far less energy.”可知，作者建議安裝吊扇是因?yàn)槟軠p少能源的使用。故選b項(xiàng)。14whats the key to making sustainable buildings a reality?aall parties should get started at the same time.bthe basic architecture should be finished first.cproper design and performance to

40、achieve energy reduction.dseeking the smallhouse policy and some successful architects.c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，答案c符合題意。故選c項(xiàng)。15what would be the best title for the text?awaste less，live betterbgoodbye，air conditioningchow to reduce the energy costdgreen buildings call for integrated designd標(biāo)題歸納題。作者認(rèn)為商店開(kāi)放空

41、調(diào)導(dǎo)致能源的浪費(fèi)，所以倡導(dǎo)在住宅區(qū)安裝吊扇的節(jié)能環(huán)保的做法。這就需要在建筑房屋前進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一的、綜合的集成設(shè)計(jì)，才能有一個(gè)可持續(xù)的、節(jié)約的、環(huán)保綠色的建筑。因此本文最好的標(biāo)題是綠色建筑呼吁集成設(shè)計(jì)。故d項(xiàng)符合題意。.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)chocolate is popular with people around.hot chocolate has been used for many years to treat diseases and fight bad moods.its known as a special healthy drink from the

42、16th to 19th centuries，and sometimes was taken as a medicine. 16 lets enjoy the following health benefits of drinking hot chocolate. 17 drinking hot chocolate can help improve your brain power and improve your overall brain health.the flavonoids(黃酮) increase the blood flow and oxygen to your brain h

43、elping you think better.if you want to improve your memory，try drinking two cups of hot chocolate a day.it contains more antioxidants(抗氧化劑) 18 ，so drinking hot chocolate is a better way to get chocolates powerful antioxidants than drinking green tea and wine.hot chocolate contains a little bit more

44、antioxidants than a bar of chocolate，which are released when the drink is heated up.it improves your mood.chocolate，including hot chocolate，is a wellknown mood adjuster. 19 hot chocolate contributes to the release of a beneficial chemical，which helps to improve your mood and make you feel happier.it

45、s good for your heart health.the flavonoids found in hot chocolate are good for your heart health. 20 .choose healthy hot chocolate and be sure to drink it in moderation.remember，chocolate itself contains sugar and fat，so you cant allow yourself to drink more than two cups a day.ait can help you los

46、e weightbit improves your brain healthcthis tasty drink helps fight stress，anxiety and depressiondhot chocolate contains more antioxidants than green tea and wineeflavonoids reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood pressurefdrinking hot chocolate helps prevent the absorption of nutrition f

47、rom other foodsgnow，people dont consider hot chocolate as a medicine but drink it even more than ever【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。以前人們把熱巧克力當(dāng)成藥物，現(xiàn)在人們會(huì)把它當(dāng)成飲料，并且巧克力對(duì)于人們的健康有很多好處，文章對(duì)熱巧克力的作用作了具體說(shuō)明。16g橫線前句“its known as a special healthy drink from the 16th to 19th centuries，and sometimes was taken as a medicine.”在16到19世

48、紀(jì)，熱巧克力被認(rèn)為是一種特殊的健康飲品，有時(shí)人們會(huì)把巧克力當(dāng)成藥物。g項(xiàng)“now，people dont consider hot chocolate as a medicine but drink it even more than ever”和語(yǔ)境一致，說(shuō)明人們對(duì)熱巧克力功能看法的變化，所以g項(xiàng)正確。17b空處是本段的主題句，橫線后句“drinking hot chocolate can help improve your brain power and improve your overall brain health.”告訴我們熱巧克力可以提高我們的腦力并改善大腦健康。b項(xiàng)“it im

49、proves your brain health”與上下文語(yǔ)境一致，所以b項(xiàng)正確。18d橫線前句“it contains more antioxidants(抗氧化劑)”告訴我們巧克力含有更多抗氧化劑，橫線后一句告訴我們喝熱巧克力比喝綠茶和酒攝取的抗氧化劑多，d項(xiàng)“hot chocolate contains more antioxidants than green tea and wine”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，所以d項(xiàng)正確。19c本段主要告訴我們熱巧克力可以改善人們的情緒，c項(xiàng)“this tasty drink helps fight stress，anxiety and depression.

50、”與本段主題“it improves your mood.”一致，符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故c項(xiàng)正確。20e橫線前句“the flavonoids found in hot chocolate are good for your heart health.”告訴我們熱巧克力里的黃酮素對(duì)于心臟健康有好處。e項(xiàng)“flavonoids reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood pressure”是對(duì)前句的解釋?zhuān)仙舷挛恼Z(yǔ)境，故e項(xiàng)正確。.完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)over a hundred years ago，in a sc

51、ottish seaside inn，a group of fishermen were relaxing after a long day 21 as a serving maid was walking 22 the fishermens table with a pot of tea，one of the men made a sweeping gesture to describe the size of the fish he had caught.his hand had a collision with the teapot and sent it 23 against the

52、whitewashed wall，where its contents left a(n) 24 brown spot.standing nearby，the innkeeper surveyed the damage.“that stain(污點(diǎn)) will never come off，”he said in discomfort.“the whole wall will have to be 25 ”“perhaps not.”all eyes turned to the stranger who had just spoken.“what do you mean？”asked the

53、innkeeper.“l(fā)et me work with the 26 ，”said the stranger，standing up from his table in the corner.“if my work 27 your approval，you dont need to repaint the wall.”the stranger 28 a box and went to the wall.opening the box，he withdrew pencils， 29 ，and various colours.he began to draw lines around the st

54、ain and fill it in here and there with different colours.soon a picture began to appear.the stain of 30 had been turned into the picture of a deer with a magnificent pair of antlers.at the bottom of the picture，the man 31 his name.then he paid for his meal and left.the innkeeper was 32 when he exami

55、ned the wall.“do you know who that man was？”he said in amazement.“the signature 33 e.h.landseer！”indeed，they had been visited by the wellknown painter of wildlife，sir edwin landseer.god wants to take the stains and disappointments of our life so do not 34 erase them，but rather turn them into a thing

56、 of 35 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文敘述了一個(gè)海濱小酒館內(nèi)發(fā)生的故事。漁民失手打碎了侍者的茶壺，在墻壁上留下了污漬，畫(huà)家現(xiàn)身作畫(huà)，化腐朽為神奇。21a.on the riverbin the lakecin town dat sead根據(jù)就餐地點(diǎn)和顧客們談話(huà)的內(nèi)容可以確定，應(yīng)該是在海上(at sea)勞作了一天。22a.on bpastcover dthroughb根據(jù)情景推斷，服務(wù)員應(yīng)該是從餐桌旁經(jīng)過(guò)。past是介詞，意為“經(jīng)過(guò)”。23a.crashing bslidingcflowing drunninga此時(shí)的茶壺經(jīng)過(guò)碰撞以后已經(jīng)脫手，因此是猛撞(crash)。24a.regular birregularcbeautiful dpopularb由情景推斷，茶漬在墻上留下的應(yīng)該是不規(guī)則的(irregular)污點(diǎn)。25a.repainted brepairedcremoved drebuilta前面已經(jīng)提到了whitewashed wall，空前說(shuō)污點(diǎn)無(wú)法脫落，故一般的解決辦法應(yīng)該是重新刷墻(repaint)以便恢復(fù)原貌。第二段最后一句中的“.you dont need to repaint the wall.”也是提示。26a.stain bteapotcpicture dpainta根據(jù)后文可知這個(gè)陌生人要處理墻上這個(gè)污點(diǎn)(stain)。27a.per