電大小學(xué)教育《漢語通論》試題及答案小抄參考

1、中央廣播電視大學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期“開放本科期末考試漢語通論 試題一、填空【每空2分，共20分） 1漢語屬于-語系。 2按其構(gòu)造方式的不同，可將詞分為-和_兩大類。 3詞義的歷時變化主要有三種情況：(1)詞義的-；(2)詞義的- ；(3)詞義的_。 4書面語體包括：(1)一-語體；(2) -語體；(3)-語體；(4)-語體。二、簡答（15分）同古代漢語相比，現(xiàn)代漢語主要表現(xiàn)出哪些較為明顯的特點(diǎn)？三、分析下列漢字的音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)（10分） 韻 母 聲 調(diào)聲母 韻頭 韻腹 韻尾 調(diào)類 調(diào)值 恐 驚 天 上 人四、用框式圖解法分析下列復(fù)雜短語（每小題8分，共16分）1那件事兒一直被他牢牢地記

2、在心里。2校長同意派劉老師去北京的大學(xué)進(jìn)修。五、用劃線法分析下列多重復(fù)句（注明層次和關(guān)系。每小題7分，共 14分） 1別人說得對， 我們就應(yīng)該歡迎， 并要向別人的長處學(xué)習(xí)； 別人說得不對，也應(yīng)該讓別人說完， 然后慢慢加以解釋。 2他的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家朋友都認(rèn)為他瘋了， 因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”的說法， 人們肯定會把面包統(tǒng)統(tǒng)偷走， 他會賠得傾家蕩產(chǎn)。 可是他卻很有信心， 堅持按照自己的方法做了下去。六、指明下列語句所用的修辭格（每小題5分，共10分） 1桃樹、杏樹、李樹，你不讓我，我不讓你，都開滿了花趕趟兒。紅的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。 2看吧，狂風(fēng)緊緊抱起一層層巨浪，惡狠狠地將它們甩到懸崖上，把這些大塊的

3、翡翠摔成塵霧和碎末。七、將下面一段文言文翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語（15分） 管子日：“倉廩實(shí)而知禮節(jié)?！泵癫蛔愣芍握?，自古及今，未之嘗聞。古之人日：“一夫不耕，或受之饑；一女不織，或受之寒?！鄙袝r而用之亡度，則物力必屈。古之治天下，至娥至悉也，故其畜積足恃。今背本而趨末，食者甚眾，是天下之大殘也；淫侈之俗日日以長，是天下之大賊也。試卷代號：1 166 中央廣播電視大學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期“開放本科”期末考試漢語通論試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （供參考） 2010年7月一、填空（每空2分，共20分） 1漢藏 2單純詞 合成詞 3擴(kuò)大 縮小 轉(zhuǎn)移 4文藝 公文 科技 政論二、筒答（15分） 同古代

4、漢語相比，現(xiàn)代漢語在以下方面表現(xiàn)出比較明顯的特點(diǎn)： (1)語音方面 古漢語有人聲，現(xiàn)代漢語普通話里沒有。 (2)詞匯方面 古代漢語里單音節(jié)詞占多數(shù)，而現(xiàn)代漢語里則是雙音節(jié)詞占多數(shù)。 (3)語法方面 古代漢語量詞不發(fā)達(dá)，數(shù)詞可以直接修飾名詞；現(xiàn)代漢語數(shù)詞一般不能直接修飾名詞，數(shù)詞和名詞之間必須有量詞。古漢語中詞類活用現(xiàn)象較多，現(xiàn)代漢語中詞類活用現(xiàn)象沒有古漢語那么多，而且詞類活用是被作為一種修辭現(xiàn)象看待的。省略在古今漢語中都能見到，但在古漢語中更為多見，更為復(fù)雜，成為古漢語的特點(diǎn)之一；現(xiàn)代漢語的省略則不如古漢語多見、多樣。古今漢語的語序基本上是一致的，但不是完全沒有變化。特別是動詞和賓語的順序，古

5、今漢語有不同的地方。三、分析下列漢字的音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)（10分）五、用劃線法分析下列多重復(fù)句（注明層次和關(guān)系。每小題7分，共14分）六、指明下列語句所用的修辭格（每小題5分，共10分） 1比擬 比喻 排比（答出兩種即可） 2比擬 比喻（或借喻）七、將下面一段文言文翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語（15分） 管子說：“糧倉充實(shí)了，（人民）就會懂得禮節(jié)?！比嗣癫桓蛔愣苤卫砗茫▏遥?，從古代到現(xiàn)在，不曾聽說過這樣的事兒。古代的人說：“一個男子不耕作，（就）有人要挨餓；一個女子不織布，（就）有人要受凍?！鄙a(chǎn)東西有時間（的限制），但消費(fèi)它卻沒有限度，那么（社會上的）財富一定會缺乏。古代的人治理天下，（計劃）極細(xì)致周全，所以國

6、家的積蓄足以作為依靠?，F(xiàn)在許多人放棄農(nóng)業(yè)去從事工商業(yè)，消費(fèi)的人很多，這是天下的大害；淫靡奢侈的風(fēng)氣一天天滋長，這也是天下的大害。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated agai

7、nst usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck w

8、ith eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby

9、league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football asso

10、ciations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience wa

11、s.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by tou

12、res complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have t

13、o be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 mil

14、es/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000

15、feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far hi

16、story has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on

17、 the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.it is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.in johnathan thurston, cooper cronk, cameron smith and either billy slater or greg inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. they have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset goin