藝考生課程完型填空第五十三講解題技巧和方法

1、20XX年學(xué)大教育藝考生課程完型填空第五十二講解題技巧和方法適用學(xué)科高中英語適用年級高中三年級適用區(qū)域全國通用課時時長（分鐘）60分鐘知識點1、解題方法和技巧（二）2、不同文體的完形填空解題法教學(xué)目標1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文信息進行綜合分析邏輯判斷的能力。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在具體語境中的詞匯辨析能力。3、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在語境中語法運用能力。4、加強學(xué)生對英美文化背景和生活常識的積累意識。教學(xué)重點1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀能力和定的語篇文章分析能力升。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語法的運用能力，通過對完形填空解題技巧的概括，達到解題能力的提了解學(xué)生在解題中的思路并加以分析，指導(dǎo)他們形成一定的解題方法。教學(xué)難點教學(xué)過程課堂導(dǎo)入Steve

2、 Jobs is reallya success in computer fieldSteve Jobs1955 2011Ji通過圖片人物 喬布斯的展示 引出話題，并放一段視頻引出一個殘缺的蘋果： 這個殘缺的蘋果就像我們的完形填空，盡管不完整，但卻很有吸引力，因為高考 20-30 分。這個類比很有趣，也很貼切，增強趣味性）復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)Step 1. Fill in the blanks with the strategiesSteve Jobs did what he loved to do in his life.He started App le with Woz whe n he was 2

3、0. I n ten years Apple had grow n into a $2 billio n company withover 4,000 empioyee , whe n he had just turned 30, he was rejected and got2by App le, which was destructive to him.But he didn t want to abandon what he 3 to do. He decided t _ again. He set up a company namedNeXT and it devel oped so

4、wel _ in 1997 he retur ned to App le with new tech no logy, which p layed a _6 role in the boom of Apple.Whe n asked wha him going, Jobs said his being fired by Apple was th _8 thing that could have ever happened to him. He never los9_ and just continued what he loved.Step 2. Con clusi on1、 However

5、2 、fired 3、loved4、start5、so 6、 major 7 、kept 8 、 best 9、faith三、知識講解知識點1解題技巧和方法:、利用首句來解題，根據(jù)全文來選擇“You re ne、首句一般不設(shè)空。因此我們應(yīng)重視首句，并利用首句預(yù)測短文的問題和全文內(nèi)容。1.1 did very IbadM at school. My headmaster thought I was_ and when I was 14 he said, to be anything but a failure.A. brightB. useless C. simp le D. hopeful 2

6、. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the Imusid Today her little daughterLaure n was givi ng her first con cert. She had bee n wait ing for this mome nt for years and years.at last, ” she thought.“ How beOutifus.he”s age. As a young girl, DorothyThe song made her go

7、back to the days whe n she was Laure n“You canbeiciome athe future, ” her teachers told her.a con cert singer. She studied _ in Fran ce, Italy and in the Un ited States.“ But you must be prep ared to study hard and work for many ye1. A. voiceB. faceC. dressD. life2. A. FrenchB. musicC. pianoD. dance

8、3. A. actressB. stude ntC. singerD. dancer答案：A B C二、根據(jù)邏輯推理解題and the officers the n bega n to eat their meal, say ing that the mushrooms had a vbry strangeqbite p leasa nttaste.A. besidesB. butC. andD. orStude nts gen erally app reciate these sp ecial 50 opportun ities.They are almost always fun and

9、in terest ing,and I pro fesso*51 them too because stude nts learn so much in just a few short mon ths.D. lear ning50. A. work ingB. livi ng C. teach ing51. A. holdB. like C. dislikeD. discover三、根據(jù)找復(fù)現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等形式,重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文

10、章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確答案。(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。為了表達的需要，在具體的上下文中同一個單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。如:All of a sudde n I started to feel rather.She won dered why I was look ing for this sort of.I felteve n more helpless whe n she told me that it would be difficult to get a idb without exp erie nee.D. pl easedA. en couragedB. dissatisfied

11、C. helpl essA. p laceB. jobC. adviceD. help 同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達方式，或解釋性的語言使of it.上下文的語義得以連接起來。如:That is what a hobby mean s, I guess. It is somethi ng we like to do in our sp are time simply for theThe value in dollars is not imp orta nt; wedo it for the pleasure it gives us.A. ben efitB

12、.goodC. funD. i nterest(3) 反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。語意的連貫有時是通過對比結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。如:OnlvItightonsJrtm oney:Fore ing yourself to recall almost n ever helps because it doesnA. loosenB. weake nC. decrease D. reduce(4) 同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。對于上下文語義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達，還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。如:Many teachers believe that the respo

13、nsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is give n, the in structors expect stude nts to be familiar with the in formatio n in the read in g.Whe n research is,the pro fessor exp ects the stude nt to take it actively and to compi ete it with mi nimum guida nee.A. c

14、ollected B. assig ned C. distributedD. fini shed(5) 上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時為了表達的需要，作者會先概述，再分述。概述時用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關(guān)系。如:Other times, he would join stude nt groups to discuss a variety of: agriculture, divi ng and mathematicsA. questi onsB. subjectsC. mattersD. contents同現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一句

15、話或同一語篇中，以確保語篇的和諧性、得體性。由于單詞意義的差別、所使用的語境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差異。(1)場所同現(xiàn)。如:Ondays, she woreheavy clothes and a p air df woole n gloves.C. cloudyD. snowyA.sunnyB. rainy修飾同現(xiàn)。女口:Although these Wide moder n roads are gen erally and well maintained, with little sharp curves andmany straight,a direct route is not

16、always the most enjoyable one.A. stableB. smoothC. splen did D. comp licatedC. series D. secti onsA. selecti onsB. sep arati ons(3)因果同現(xiàn)。女口:“ Hooray! ” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meetingT he first-place gunner was two laps ahead of me whe n she crossed the finishing l

17、ine.A. cheerB. shoutC. cryD. no ise結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)。女口:,he would join stude nt groups to discuss aSometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess.variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.A. As a matter of factB. Later onC. Other timesD. In general(5)同義同現(xiàn)。女口:a pro fessor duri ng officeIf a st

18、ude nt has p roblem with classroom work, the stude nt should eitherhours ormake an app oi ntmenjA. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy知識點2 不同文體的完形填空解題法1記敘文完形填空步。完形填空一般無標題，而且首1) 讀好短文首句，琢磨文章內(nèi)容。這是做完形填空最重要的 句一般不設(shè)空，是完整的一句話，信息就從這里開始，他暗示或告訴讀者下文將會說什么。正確的利 用首句信息對于把握答案的方向是極其重要和有效的。2) 讀懂作者的態(tài)度。分析全文弄清作者是否一直用某種態(tài)

19、度敘述某件事情，正確把握反映作者情 感的關(guān)鍵詞。3) 通讀全文，掌握大意，理清各個角色，記述文一般有兩個或多個角色，作者對不同角色的態(tài)度 是不一樣的，即便是他們做同樣的事。4) 理順事件的發(fā)生、經(jīng)過和結(jié)局。記述文多數(shù)是按事情的發(fā)展順序進行敘述的，理清文章的發(fā)展 順序才能把握文章的主脈。因此，先要理清人物間的關(guān)系及各自所作的事情，這樣做題時可以再一次 從時間上把握故事的進程。2議論文完形填空議論文完形填空不像記敘文形式那么有情景。因此，我們對整個文章的把握相對來說也難得多。解答 這類題要遵循下列原則：1) 對于夾敘夾議形式的完形填空，要把敘和議有機的結(jié)合起來。有的學(xué)生不注意這一點，把敘述 和議論

20、分割開，只顧選個部分的答案，沒有注意事件和論點的聯(lián)系，對全文的整體合一沒有把握好， 答案的正確率也必將大打折扣。2) 對于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主 旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，理解文意就容易了。3) 理清文章的論點、論據(jù)有著相輔相成的關(guān)系，整個文章前后是一致的，故能說明論據(jù)的答案可 以在論點里得到印證，論點里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機的結(jié)合起來。若所選答案前后矛盾，論據(jù) 與論點相矛盾，最后結(jié)論與論點也就像矛盾，這就說明對文章的把握缺乏條理性和系統(tǒng)性，需要重新 理順文章各個部分，直到條理清楚為止，再根據(jù)對全文的把握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出正確答

21、案。3 說明文完形填空作說明文完形填空時，先要弄清說明對象，是具體的實物還是理論性的概念。近幾年的高考題，作者在文章的首句就直接提出要說明的對象。只有明確了說明的對象，才能更好地掌握說明的具體內(nèi)容。在掌握文章要說明的內(nèi)容后，關(guān)鍵的是要把握文章的說明順序，這是文章的主線。解這類題就如同畫rH畫，先是畫輪廓，再畫具體內(nèi)容，最后潤色。說明文的順序主要有：時間、空間、邏輯、認識順序 等。理清這些順序以后，我們就很容易選出答案。最后一步，我們要回過頭來，依照文章的內(nèi)容，將選擇的答案代入各空，檢查答案是否符合。要注意，有時所選答案針對某句某空是對的，但很可能在上下文中不合邏輯。這就需要進行調(diào)整，直到文章上

22、下通達，順序、條理清晰為止。四、例題精析【例題11（廣東卷） We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be_1 to other peopie. It is also right to look after the en vir onment. Some thi ngs are 2 wrong, too. For in sta nee, we should not hurt or bully（欺負）others, nor should we litter. Rules ofte

23、n tell us what is right or wrong.Rules can help the p ublic make the right _3, and remai n safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulatio ns that tell them the right thi ngs to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give sig nals before turning or stopping help prevent -4-.If people follow

24、rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be _5_ for them to form what issometimes called a“ black and white ” view. For example, they may believe that people should alwaytruth, and that lying is _ acce ptable. Such people always stick to their views, eve n if it means that they

25、 may get in toZ.Sometimes it may not be so easy to kn ow 8what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat an imals, but others argue that they can eat meat andlO be kind to an imals;some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that o

26、ne does not need to feel toH when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is12 . Rules help us live together in harm ony, because they show us the right way to 13 other .However, some people argue that rules may be 14, hav ing observed that rules cha nge all the time, and

27、 that some schools have some regulati ons and other have differe nt ones so who is to 15 what is right?1 A .kindB .se nsitiveC fairD. gen erous【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)后文善）。2 A .equallyB. slightlyC clearlyD .in creas in gly【答案】C【解析】與第一句some things are obviously right相對應(yīng)，為同義詞同現(xiàn)，故選 clearly。3. A suggesti onB con clu

28、si ons C turnsD choiceslook after the environment以及反面觀點的hurt和bully可知，此處應(yīng)該為 kind （友【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)常識和下句tell them the right things to do可知規(guī)章告訴人們?nèi)绾巫龀稣_選擇。4. A accide ntsB mistakesC fallsD deaths【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)常識和上文出現(xiàn)的 avoid crashes這里應(yīng)選prevent accidents也為同義詞同現(xiàn)。5. A interesting B vitalC easyD valuable答案】 C解析】根據(jù)邏

29、輯推斷，這里應(yīng)為人們很容易形成黑白 ”觀，故選 easy。6 .A seldomB rarelyC merelyD never答案】 D【解析】因tell the truth與lying相對，可知這里應(yīng)選與always相對的never，為反義詞同現(xiàn)。7. A troubleB powerC prisonD control答案】 A解析】這里意為堅持 “黑白”觀的人很容易惹上麻煩，故選 trouble8. A roughlyB eventually C deliberately D exactly答案】 D解析】由后文舉例可知，人們有時很難 “確切地 ”辨明是非。9. A awfulB crue

30、lC unhealthyD unnecessary答案】 B解析】可根據(jù)線索詞 but 推出，這里應(yīng)選用與后文kind 相對應(yīng)的 cruel。10. A stillB evenC laterD somehow【答案】D解析】這句話的意思是說，他們可能會食肉，同時也會以某種方式善待動物，故選somehow。11. A nervous B anxiousC afraidD guilty答案】 D解析】根據(jù)常識，偷東西會自覺有罪或內(nèi)疚，故選guilty 。12. A begging B starvingC growingD wandering答案】 B解析】根句上下文以及前文中的he lives i

31、n a really poor area 這里應(yīng)選 starving, 屬場所同現(xiàn)。13 A followB instructC treatD protect答案】 C解析】根句上下文可知這里應(yīng)選treat。14. A disgusting B confusingC unsafeD unimportant【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)后文的 rules change all the time可知這里應(yīng)選 confusing。15 A predictB explainC decideD consider答案】 C【解析】 根據(jù)前文的 some schools have some regulations

32、and other have different on這里應(yīng)選 decide,意為面對這些不同的規(guī)章制度,該由誰來 “抉擇”什么才是正確的規(guī)章制度呢？五、課堂運用【基礎(chǔ)】It has bee n argued by some that gifted childre n should be grouped in sp ecial classes, The1 has bee n on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual （智力的）growth by _2 situ

33、ation that has designed for the_3_ children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted childre n to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a nu mber of 6childre n who were take

34、 n out of a sp ecial class and p laced in a 7 class.In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying _8_ on their teachers directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect - 9 on many p roblems, some of which were not on the

35、 school p rogram.Many are con cer ned that gifted childre n become 10 and lose in terest in lear ning. However this_is more often from parents and teachers tha n from stude nts, and some of these 12 simply con clude thatsp ecial classes should be set up for those who are 13. Some top stude nts do fe

36、el bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far bey ond the work they have in school. Studies have show n that to be bored is to be an xious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principleB. theory C. arguments D. classification【答案】B【解析】theory意為學(xué)說；理論；看法”其后的動詞為單數(shù)，不能選 C, principle :原則；準則；

37、原理，D. living。classificati on:分類； 類別。2. A. desig ningB. grouping C. lear ning【答案】C【解析】learning situation學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境3. A. smartB. curious C. matureD. average答案】 DD. creative【解析】average children普通的孩子與前句的gifted children相對應(yīng)。4. A. regular B. special C. small答案】 B解析】毫無疑問，特長班能夠幫助有天賦的學(xué)生早點畢業(yè)，盡快就職。5. A. children B. p

38、rograms C. graduates D. designs答案】 A解析】把這些有天賦的孩子們從普通班里選走可能會造成嚴重的問題。6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent答案】 A【解析】in tellige nt聰明的；com pete nt能勝任的；ordi nary普通的；indepen de nt自主的。D. boring7. A. separate B. regular C. new答案】 B【解析】regular class普通班8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly

39、 D. heavily答案】 D解析】 heavily 意為“嚴重的 ”，本句意為：在特長班由于嚴重依賴老師的指導(dǎo)， 他們幾乎不能表現(xiàn)出自己的判斷能力。9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly答案】 A解析】 reflect directly on many problems 直接思“考許多問題 ”，與前面的 rely on 相對應(yīng)。10. A. doubted B. boredC. worried D. tired答案】 B【解析】從后面的lose interest可知。11. A. concernB. con clusi on

40、 C. reflecti onD. i nterest【答案】A【解析】前句的Many are concerned that已提示。12. A. stude ntsB. adultsC. scholarsD. teachers【答案】B【解析】adults指前面的 parentsand teachers.13. A. tale ntedB. worriedC. lear nedD. i nterested【答案】A 【解析】talented與gifted同義。14. A. believe B. thi nkC. sayD. feel【答案】D【解析】 從前句 Some top students

41、 dofeel bored in clas可知。15. A. outstandingB. intelligent C. anxiousD. ordinary【答案】C【解析】 從前句 Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.【鞏固】Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me 1 a questi on. But many times I have asked myself. I have _2_ a whole variety of reason _ impo

42、rtant reason is that I want to be a better man.Many things make huma n beings differe nt 4or better tha n or eve n sup erior to ani mals.One of the most imp orta nt thi ngs is5 If I fail to receive higher educati on, my educati on6 . As I want to be a fully 7 man, I must get a well-r oun ded educati

43、 on, which good colleges and uni versities are supposed to 8 I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are 9 the best p laces to teach me how to educate myself. Only whe n I am well-educated, will I be a better huma n being and 10 fit into society1. A. quiteB. soC. such

44、D. another答案】 C【解析】such常用在不定冠詞或名詞前修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示此類的” 這種的”故such為正確選項。2. A. come up withB. agreed withC. been fed up withD. got on well with【答案】A【解析】come up with意為 提出、找出” agree with意為 同意” be fed up with意為 對厭倦” geton well with意為 和相處得好”根據(jù)文意A為正確選項。3. A. MostB. The most C. MoreD. Much，因此這里應(yīng)用 important答案】

45、 B解析】上文講到我曾找到過各種各樣的原因， 其中最重要的原因應(yīng)當是的最高級，故選 the most。4. A. toB. aroundC. betweenD. from答案】 D【解析】固定結(jié)構(gòu)be different from表示不同于”5. A. education B. weatherC. temperatureD. science【答案】A解析】本段著重說明了教育在人的發(fā)展中的作用，以及大學(xué)在教育中的地位。作為總括句，本空應(yīng)填education。D. has finished6. A. finished B. don t finish C. will not finish答案】 C解

46、析】這是一個含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句，意為 “如果我不能受到更高等的教育，我就無法完成我的學(xué)業(yè) ”，故選 will not finish 為正確選擇。7. A. develop B. developed C. developingD. experience答案】 B解析】這里只能選可作定語的選項。過去分詞 developed表示 成熟的”為正確選項。8. A. improve B. graduateC. hearD. provide答案】 D【解析】大學(xué)應(yīng)是提供高等教育的地方，P rovide符合文意為正確選項。9. A. between B. amongC. insideD. outside

47、答案】 B【解析】介詞among可表示”包括 在內(nèi)”為正確選項。10. A. can good B. may better C. be able to better D. be able to best答案】 C【解析】與前半句相對應(yīng)，這里仍應(yīng)用比較級，而may better意思不對，因此be able to better為正確選項?！景胃摺縁arley worked for the Can adia n gover nment. One day, he was1to lear n more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou （北美馴鹿）

48、？ Do they kill peopie?They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to . 2 The plane put him dow n and went away. There were no houses or people in this p lace. But there were lots of ani mals and lots of wolves.People tell terrible stories about wolves.

49、They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley rememberedthese stories, and he was 3_ He had his gun with him4The n one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and ano ther young wolf lived with them.Farley watched these wolves every day. The

50、mother was a very 5 mother. She gave milk to her babies.She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to 6 food. The father wolf got food for the mother.wolf family! Farley did not n(The young wolf 7 the childre n. They were a ni ce, happy family 8_ any more. In a short time, he got on well wit

51、h the family. Farley watched them for five mon ths. He lear ned that many stories about the wolves were 9_ . Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large ani mals. And he also lear ned bad things about men .It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.Later, Farley wrote a book about wo

52、lves. He wan ted people to 10 them and not to kill them.1. 1. A. seenB. toldC. heardD. found答案】 B【解析】Farley是政府工作人員。從上下文得知, 他是被派去進行調(diào)查和研究狼的習(xí)性的，故選 told。D. a lonely village2. A. a small town B. a big city C. a far place答案】 C解析】根據(jù)下文飛機把 Farley 送到了一個沒有房屋和人的地方 , 說明了這個地方不可能是城市 ,小鎮(zhèn)和村莊故a far place為正確答案。3. A. a

53、fraidB. happy C. angryD. tired答案】 A解析】狼吃人的恐怖故事給孤身一人的 Farley 帶來的應(yīng)是 afraid。4. A. at times B. all the time C. once a week D. every afternoon答案】 B【解析】因為Farley害怕，所以槍應(yīng)始終不能離身。all the time意為一直、始終”5. A. badB. goodC. hungryD. thirsty答案】 B解析】根據(jù)下文的描述，狼媽媽給孩子們喂奶， 對孩子們進行訓(xùn)練， 可見是一位好媽媽， 故選 good。6. A. cookB. makeC. ge

54、tD. pick【答案】C解析】狼只能獵取食物 ,而不能燒食物 , 生產(chǎn)食物。 get 合乎文意，為正確答案。7. A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with答案】 D【解析】shout at意為 朝大聲叫喊” look into意為 調(diào)查、觀察” laugh at意為 嘲笑”。這三個詞組都不符文意。 play with 意為“和起玩耍 ”，合文意為正確答案。8. A. foodB. clothes C. gunD. plane答案】 CD. not clear解析】 the nice happy wolf family 讓 Farley 不再害怕，因此也就不再需要槍了，故選擇gun.。9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy【答案】B解析】因為他的親身體驗與他所聽到的相違背，說明以前關(guān)于狼的說法是不對的 , 故選 not true。10. A. growB. haveC. teachD. understand答案】 D【解析】understand意為了解”合乎文意，為正確答案。課程小結(jié)本節(jié)課主要講解完型填空的解題技巧和針對不同