句子成分教師版

1、-句子成分篇授課和學習要求 一律按成分原則分析 和什么成分只能什么詞類和結構充當原則句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的組成部分，包括主、謂、賓、定、狀、補、表等。句子本身的結構是很簡單的，只不過是結構套結構。一主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物,一般放在句子開頭訓練一 請大家在主語下面加下劃線， 說明是什么詞和結構充當1.The sun rises in the east. （ 名詞 ） 2.He likes dancing. （ 代詞 ）3.Twenty years is a short time in history. ( 數詞 )4. Seeing is believing. （

2、動名詞 ）5.To see is to believe. （ 不定式 ）6.What he needs is a book. （ 主語從句 ）訓練題二 填空題1. The _attractions(attract) interest all the tourists2. _Going_ (go)camping at the weekend is a pleasure.3. _To swim_(swim) this afternoon is a pleasure.訓練三 翻譯句子（記住一點主語一般放句子開頭，以及能充當主語放入詞和結構）1. 這些學生有音樂天賦。_The students_hav

3、e a gift for music.2. 打敗他是我的夢想。Beating him_is my dream,_.3. 他什么時候來不為我們所知。_when he will come_is unknown to us.二 謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。只鞥由各種時態(tài)結構充當，一般放在主語后面。（只有動詞才能充當謂語）訓練一 在謂語下面加下劃線1.We study English.2. He is asleep.訓練二 找出謂語部分 并且判斷謂語動詞是及物動詞，不及物，還是系動詞） 一般能直接做謂語的就這三類動詞，1. We love China.(及物動詞后面必須接

4、賓語)2. She seems tired. （系動詞后面必須接表語）3. We have finished reading this book.（及物動詞）4.His money ran out.（不及物動詞后面絕對不能直接接）歸納 1.及物動詞后面必須接賓語（接賓語不加介詞） 2.系動詞后面必須接表語。并且無被動（常見系動詞am,is ,are,was,were,feel ,keep ,stay remain smell look sound） 3.不及物動詞不加介詞 絕對不能在后面接賓語。訓練三 改錯題1. The idea was proved wrong.（去掉was）2. An a

5、ccident was happened at the corner.(去掉was)3. He entered into the room and turned on the radio.(去掉into)4. He should have waited me at the gate. (添加for) 訓練題四 用所跟詞適當形式填空(提醒這是謂語) 1.The place of interest _attracts_(attraction) many visitors.2.My family _will move_(move) to France the day after tomorrow.3

6、.He was badly ill and we _took_(take) him to hospital.4.The bridge _was built_(build) ten yeas ago.三 表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。 訓練題一 用下劃線劃出表語，并且歸納能充當表語的詞，結構和詞義 1,He is a teacher. （ 名詞 表示是什么對象 ） 2.Seventy-four! You dont look it. （ 代詞 ）3.Five and five is ten. （ 數詞 ） 4.He is asleep. （ 形容詞

7、 表特征 ）5.His father is in. （ 副詞 一般副詞不做表語。地點和方位的副可以 ） 6.The picture is on the wall. ( 介詞短語 )7.My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ 分詞 ）8.To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （ 不定式 ）9.The question is whether they will come. （ 表語從句 ）特別提醒：名詞做表語表明是什么對象，形容詞和分詞表主語的特征。副詞能充當表語的一般是地點和方位的副詞，一

8、般副詞是不能充當的。訓練題二 根據所給詞的適當形式填空。（這部分目的是區(qū)別填空題中名詞 形容詞 分詞）1. The hill is a great _attraction_, because it is _attractive_(attract) to many visitors.2. Having a walk along the lake is a_pleasure_ ,and the scenery is_pleasant/pleasing_(please) .3. He was_addictted_(addict) to the drug, 4.Although he is_disab

9、led_ ,he is working hard to make up for the lack of _ability_(able) 再次強調：表語在系動詞之后 四 賓語：1）及物動詞的承受者-動賓 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）訓練題一 用下劃線標注賓語，并且說明做賓語的詞類1.I like China. （ 名詞 動賓 ）2. He hates you. （ 代詞 動賓 ）3.How many do you need? We need two. （ 數詞 動賓 ）4I enjoy working with you. （ 動賓 動名詞 ）5I

10、 hope to see you again. （ 動詞賓語 不定式 ）6. Did you write down what he said? （ 從句 動賓 ） 7.Are you afraid of the snake?（ 名詞 介詞賓語 ）8. Under the snow, there are many rocks.( 名詞 介詞賓語 ) 9。He gave me a book yesterday.( 雙 賓 動賓 ) 10.He told me that he was disappointed( 雙 賓 一個代詞 一個從句 ).訓練題二 根據下列句子含義，用適當形式填空。(請從成分角

11、度 為什么該這個詞類)1. He walked in with _disappointment_( disappoint).(有同學可能填ing)2. If you lack _patience_(patient),you will be faced with_failure_(fail)3. He escaped_being punished_(punish).4. He showed us his_confidence_(confident).五 賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。（注意賓語補足語的位置）訓練題一 用下劃線標注補語1. We elected him monitor. （

12、 名詞 ）2. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ 名詞 ）3. We will make them happy. （ 形容詞 ）4. We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )5. Please make yourself at home. （ 介詞短語 ） 6. Dont let him do that. （ 省略不定式 ）7.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ 不定式 ）8.Dont keep the lights burning. （

13、 分詞 ）9. Ill have my bike repaired. （ 分詞 ）訓練題二 適當形式填空(務必從成分角度分析 決定詞類)1. Shelikesthe children_to read_（read） newspapers and booksin thereading-room.2. Shefoundhim_respectable_(respect),because he was ready to help others.3.He felt it_scary/scaring_(scare) to stay with stangers.六 主補：對主語的補充。（作為了解）He was

14、 elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.七 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。 提示 特別注意不同詞類和結構做定語的含義，和位置。 訓練題 一 找出定語，歸納詞類 和位置1. Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（ 名詞 前置 一般表示類型 性別 處所 ）2. He is our friend. （ 代詞 能做限定語代詞前置 一般只有形容詞性物主代詞） ）3.We belong to th

15、e third world. （ 數詞 前置 ） 4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ 形容詞 表性質特征 一般前置 ）5.The man over there is my old friend.( 副詞 后置 能做定語副詞一般是地點 方位副詞 ) 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( 介詞短語 務必后置 )7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. （ 非謂語短語 務必后置 ）8.The trees planted las

16、t year are growing well now.（ 非謂語短語 務必 ）9.I have an idea to do it well. （ 不定式 后置 ）10.You should do everything that I do. （ 從句 后置 ）訓練題二 翻譯下列中文（專門練習后置現(xiàn)象 這是翻譯句子克服中文語序） 1.一顆蘋果樹 _an apple tree_ 2.他的書本_his books_ 3.裝滿蘋果的籃子_a basket full of/filled_withapples 4.山上的塔_the tower on the hill_ 5,魯迅寫的書_the books

17、written by Luxun_ 7. 一位開貨車的司機救了那位帶著孩子的母親。(翻譯原則 先主干 后枝葉，克服中文語 序 綜合引用) A driver driving a truck saved that mother with her child(提示枝葉位置)訓練題三 用適當單詞填空(務必從成分角度看) 1.There are many _abandoned_(abandon)bottles on the grassland. 2.He walked in the_reading_(read) room. 3.He takes an active part in social(soci

18、ety) activities. 4.He is always the last one_to leave_ (leave)the classroom.八 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（這是填空重點 包括改錯）訓練題一 劃出每個句子狀語（以下例句按上定類型）（提示位置） 1.I will go there tomorrow. 時間狀語 2.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. 地點狀語 3.The meat went bad because of the

19、 hot weather.原因狀語 前后都可以 有特列（老師注意補充，按時 as 一般前置 for一般后置）4.He studies hard to learn English well.目的語（）5.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（hard 程度狀語 sothat 結果狀語）6. I like some of you very much.（程度狀語）7.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. （條件狀語，位置靈活）8.He goes to school by bike.（方式狀

20、語）9.Though he is young, he can do it well.（讓步狀語）10. Luckily, he get rid of his bad habit.11.I am really sorry for my rudeness.12.He was surely late.13.He walked in, happy.（特列，非謂語做狀語的 在非謂語專題(注意位置變化)(這里說幾個?？嫉?1.He sat under the tree, reading books.2,Having finishing his work,he went out to play. 3，He

21、died, leaving nothing for her son. 4,he hurried to the station ,only to find the train had left. 6.He got up early to catch the bus.訓練題二 適當形式填空(非謂做狀語沒練習)1._Disappionted_, he failed in th) exam.(disappoint)(全句)2. Old people can hardly walk as_quickly_as young people.(quick)（動詞）3.you are_absolutely_wr

22、ong.(absolute)(修飾形容詞)4.He walked in the dark,_frighted_( fright)(特列，形容詞作狀語)5._Fortunately_,I was here for you.(fortunate)提示學生：狀語就單獨的單詞來說 一般是副詞 這個點在填空 改錯幾乎是必考題狀語位置 歸納歸納位置的目的是 克服中文式英語 老師可以故意編寫3個句子 狀語后置現(xiàn)象的。【地點狀語】1.以句末為主， 2. 句前為輔，3.句中也可以【時間狀語】1. 常用于句末 2. 強調是位于句首少數情況下位于句中【頻度副詞】單個的頻度副詞都是表示不精準的頻率，這樣的副詞通常用在

23、句中，有兩個位置：1. be動詞和第一個助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）之后2. 無助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）時，直接放在謂語動詞之前。這是一般原則?！痉降貢r，三種狀語同時出現(xiàn)】順序是：方地時，小到大，要和漢語反說話。1.He studied English hard at home last year.【程度狀語】修飾另一副詞或形容詞的狀語就是程度狀語，一般放在他所修飾的那個詞前面，極少數可以放在后面。九同位語 .注意同位語位置 My classmate,Jim will come to seeyou. The fact that he told a lie is unbelievable. 十 句子結構 （注意主干句子位置，5大結構記憶 對于從句特別有