職高英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊(cè)Unit 8 and Unit 9Grammar 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的應(yīng)用

1、 Unit 8 構(gòu)構(gòu) 成成 由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 一般式一般式doingbeing done 完成式完成式having done having been done 功能功能 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式及其短語(yǔ)可以在句中作主主 語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 否定式否定式 由not加動(dòng)名詞組成 Learning is difficult but interesting. Waving ones hand is to say “Hi” or “Goodbye”. Learning how to

2、apologize is important in international communication. Walking is good for health. Seeing is believing. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. 【注【注】 在下面結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用在下面結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作形式主語(yǔ)，把 真正的主語(yǔ)即動(dòng)名詞放在句末。真正的主語(yǔ)即動(dòng)名詞放在句末。 Its no good talking about it. 談也無(wú)用。 Its no good helping him. He doesnt he

3、lp himself. Its no use arguing with Tom. He is stubborn. Its no use crying over spilt milk. It is no gooduse + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing 干干沒(méi)有沒(méi)有 用用 一、作直接賓語(yǔ)一、作直接賓語(yǔ) eg. Gesture is a way to express meaning and feeling without words. Taking nodding the head for example. 只可接動(dòng)詞的只可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： avoid, 避免；appreci

4、ate,欣賞；admit, 承認(rèn)； consider, 考慮；delay, 拖延，推遲；dislike； enjoy；escape, 逃避；excuse, 原諒，寬恕； finish, complete；forgive,原諒 ；imagine, 想象； keep,保持 ；mind, 介意；prevent, 阻止；miss,錯(cuò)過(guò)， 想念； practice, 練習(xí)；suggest, advise, 介意；risk，冒險(xiǎn)。 eg. I have to delay answering the letter. All of us enjoy playing football. Excuse my co

5、ming late. Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor? Would you mind my smoking here? Do you mind giving me a glass of water? Of course, I cant prevent your coming. We should practice reading English every day. He suggested going for a walk. I advise waiting till the proper time. I miss living

6、 in the country. I dont want to miss seeing that play on TV tonight. 后接動(dòng)詞的后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：形式作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： feel like, 喜歡，想要.; give up, 放棄；put off, 推遲；be fond of,喜歡； be interested in, 感興趣； look forward to, 期望； cant help, 禁不住; spend in, 花費(fèi)； devoteto, 奉獻(xiàn)；contribute to,有助于； refer to, 指的是；lead to,通向； Pref

7、er doing A to doing B,寧愿A不愿B; insist on,堅(jiān)持； object to, 反對(duì)。 eg. We are fond of swimming. I dont feel like going to work today. Im looking forward to getting another job. I prefer walking to riding. I dont think his words contribute to solving the hard problem. 二、作介詞賓語(yǔ)二、作介詞賓語(yǔ) 1. One cannot use English

8、 well by knowing only the words and grammar. 2. Whenever you come across new words in your reading, look them up in the dictionary. 3. Nothing can be learned without giving time and effort to it. 4. We are tired of having the same kind of food every day. 5. He earns his living by teaching. 6. Instea

9、d of going to Zhongshan Park, they went to the Zoo. to do sty. doing sth. forget remember regret mean go on stop try 忘記忘記去做去做某事某事忘記忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事某事 記住記住去做去做某事某事記住記住曾做過(guò)曾做過(guò)某事某事 遺憾遺憾去做去做某事某事 后悔后悔做過(guò)做過(guò)某事某事 打算打算/想做某事想做某事意味著做某事意味著做某事 （做完某事）接著去（做完某事）接著去 做另一件事做另一件事 繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事 停下來(lái)去做另一件事停下來(lái)去做另一件事 停止做一件事停止做一件

10、事 努力去做某事努力去做某事 試著做某事試著做某事 stop stop to do 停下來(lái)去做另一件事（兩件事） stop doing 停止正在 做的事（一件） eg. We are too tired, we stop _. A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest D. had a rest Seeing the teacher come in, all students stop_. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked try eg. The young man tries _her h

11、usband not to go out. A. persuade B. persuading C. to persuade D. persuaded He tries doing the job by himself. forget, remember forget to do忘記去做（還沒(méi)有做） forget doing忘記做過(guò)（已做） remember to do記得去做（還沒(méi)有做） remember doing 記得做過(guò)（已做） eg. Dont forget_ the windows when you leave the house. A. close B. to close C.

12、closed D. closing I remember _ the old man some day, but I forgot about his name. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. seen regret eg. I regret to inform you: you are arrested. The old man regrets beating his grandson. go on eg. The little girl has a rest and goes on _. A. study B. studying C. to study D.

13、studied Although it is dark, Mary goes on _. A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied mean eg. I dont mean _ him to take part in my party, but my words mean _. A. to invite; to invite B. to invite; inviting C. inviting; to invite D. inviting; inviting His favorite sport is skating. What she likes

14、 best is singing pop songs. The story is very moving. The news is surprising. Her job was looking after the pigs. His hobbies is collecting stamps. 【注】動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)相混淆。 試比較： She was washing clothes.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） Her job was washing clothes.（動(dòng)名詞） tips 動(dòng)名詞：籠統(tǒng)、泛指的意思；抽象或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。 動(dòng)詞不定式：具體或特定的動(dòng)作. eg. The stude

15、nts like playing football. 這些學(xué)生喜歡踢 足球。（經(jīng)常性的愛好） Would you like to play football this afternoon. 你今 天下午愿意踢球嗎？（指一次的動(dòng)作） 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式以以單詞形式單詞形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞放在所修飾的名詞之前之前 eg. a reading room閱覽室 writing paper信紙 a walking stick 拐杖 building materials建筑材料 a sleeping boy睡著的男孩 a flying kite飛著的風(fēng)箏 This reminds me

16、of Italy, when it was still a developing country. My father works in a printing shop. Our school built a swimming pool last summer. Our teacher uses a very good teaching method. 以以短語(yǔ)形式短語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于所修飾的名詞置于所修飾的名詞之后之后。 The woman coming to dinner this evening is a friend of my mothers. -ing分詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示分

17、詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示 (1) 所修飾名詞的用途。如：所修飾名詞的用途。如： a waiting room(=a room for waiting) 候車室候車室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking) 手杖手杖 a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 臥車臥車 （2）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如：）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如： exciting news 令人激動(dòng)的消息令人激動(dòng)的消息 a moving story 一個(gè)令人感動(dòng)的故事一個(gè)令人感動(dòng)的故事 所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可以換成定語(yǔ)所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可以換成定語(yǔ) 從句形式

18、。如：從句形式。如： a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping)正睡覺(jué)的孩子正睡覺(jué)的孩子 a walking man (= a man who is walking)正散步的男人正散步的男人 the man standing at the gate=the man who is standing at the gate 在在see, hear, feel, watch, notice， listen to, observe等感等感 官動(dòng)詞以及官動(dòng)詞以及find, look at, smell, get, leave, have等后可等后可 以用以用-

19、ing 形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 具有具有“主動(dòng)主動(dòng)”和和“進(jìn)行進(jìn)行”的含義。的含義。 eg. Sometime in the night Bill woke and found Joe sitting up in bed, crying. His son felt unhappy when he saw his classmates wearing brand clothes. It is quite rude to talk with a person in your native language and leave your Amer

20、ican friends standing there. 1.時(shí)間，原因，方式，條件，伴隨，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 等； 2.表“主動(dòng)”和“進(jìn)行”的含義，其動(dòng)作與句動(dòng)作與句 子的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)子的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)同時(shí)同時(shí)的的； 3.若本身沒(méi)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則其動(dòng)作的邏 輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ)。 1. Doing a lot of listening in English, you can increase your vocabulary.（方式） 2. Try to tell your classmates a story using those phrases you have learned.（方式） 3. He wan

21、dered the streets, trying to find a way to make some money.（結(jié)果） 如果動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作出現(xiàn)在 句子的謂語(yǔ)之前，則用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的 完成式“having + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。 eg. Having finished their work, they had a rest. 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 if, when, how, where等等， 可以直接用于動(dòng)詞的-ing形 式之前。 eg. If being able to speak another language, one will be qualified for many jobs today. (1)-ing分