unit 5 Conventional Machining Process

1、UNIT 5 Conventional Machining Processes 第第5講講 Can you give me a list of machining processes? Turning Boring Milling Drilling Grinding Planning 車削、鏜削、銑削、鉆削、磨削、刨削 3lucky Methods and Machines Turning and lathe （車削和車床）（車削和車床） Millingand Milling Machine（銑削和銑床）（銑削和銑床） Drilling and Drill Press（鉆削和鉆床） 5.1 I

2、ntroduction Conventional machining is the group of machining operations that use single- or multi-point tools to remove material in the form of chips. Metal cutting involves removing metal through machining operations. Machining traditionally takes place on lathes, drill presses, and milling machine

3、s with the use of various cutting tools. Most machining has very low set-up cost compared with forming, molding, and casting processes. However, machining is much more expensive for high volumes. Machining is necessary where tight tolerances on dimensions and finishes are required. 5.1 5.1 譯文譯文 傳統(tǒng)機械

4、加工是一組利用單刃或者多刃刀具以切屑形式去除傳統(tǒng)機械加工是一組利用單刃或者多刃刀具以切屑形式去除 材料的加工方式。金屬切削意味著通過機械加工去除金屬。傳統(tǒng)材料的加工方式。金屬切削意味著通過機械加工去除金屬。傳統(tǒng) 的機械加工都是利用不同的刀具在車床、鉆床和銑床上進行的。的機械加工都是利用不同的刀具在車床、鉆床和銑床上進行的。 與成型加工、鍛壓和鑄造工藝相比，大多數(shù)機械加工的生產(chǎn)準備與成型加工、鍛壓和鑄造工藝相比，大多數(shù)機械加工的生產(chǎn)準備 成本都較低，然而如果是大批量生產(chǎn)，其成本要高得多。當對零成本都較低，然而如果是大批量生產(chǎn)，其成本要高得多。當對零 件的尺寸公差和光潔度要求較高時，機械加工是很有

5、必要的。件的尺寸公差和光潔度要求較高時，機械加工是很有必要的。 5.2 Turning and Lathe Turning is one of the most common of metal cutting operations. In turning, a workpiece is rotated about its axis as single-point cutting tools are fed into it, shearing away excess material and creating the desired cylindrical surface. Turning ca

6、n occur on both external and internal surfaces to produce an axially-symmetrical contoured part. Parts ranging from pocket watch components to large diameter marine propeller shafts can be turned on a lathe. Apart from turning, several other operations can also be performed on lathe. marine propelle

7、r Words 突出突出 uniform ju:nif:m a.相同的相同的,一致的一致的 n.制服制服;軍服軍服 clearance angles 后角后角 譯文譯文: : 切斷是一種利用切斷刀（割刀）將工件的一部分與其剩余部切斷是一種利用切斷刀（割刀）將工件的一部分與其剩余部 分脫離的加工方法。由于切斷刀非常薄而且處于懸臂狀態(tài)，因此分脫離的加工方法。由于切斷刀非常薄而且處于懸臂狀態(tài)，因此 這種加工方法不太精確而且加工起來常常比較困難。切斷刀必須這種加工方法不太精確而且加工起來常常比較困難。切斷刀必須 準確地對正回轉(zhuǎn)軸，保持鋒利，具有合適的后角，以合適、不變準確地對正回轉(zhuǎn)軸，保持鋒利，具有合

8、適的后角，以合適、不變 的進給率沿工件進給。的進給率沿工件進給。 5.2 Turning and Lathe Threading. Threading can be considered as turning since the path to be travelled by the cutting tool is helical. However, there are some major differences between turning and threading. While in turning, the interest is in generating a smooth cy

9、lindrical surface, in threading the interest is in cutting a helical thread of a given form and depth which can be calculated from the formulae. 5.2 Turning and Lathe helical helikl a.螺旋狀的螺旋狀的 譯文譯文: : 車螺紋可以看作是車削，只是車刀所形成的加工軌跡是螺車螺紋可以看作是車削，只是車刀所形成的加工軌跡是螺 旋線。但二者也存在一些不同之處。車削主要考慮能否生成光旋線。但二者也存在一些不同之處。車削主要考

10、慮能否生成光 滑的圓柱形表面，而車螺紋注重的是能否切出具有按公式計算滑的圓柱形表面，而車螺紋注重的是能否切出具有按公式計算 出來的規(guī)定形狀和深度的螺旋線。出來的規(guī)定形狀和深度的螺旋線。 第第6講講 There are two basic requirements for thread cutting. An accurately shaped and properly mounted tool is needed because thread cutting is a form-cutting operation. The resulting thread profile is determi

11、ned by the shape of the tool and its position relative to the workpiece. The second by requirement is that the tool must move longitudinally in a specific relationship to the rotation of workpiece, because this determines the lead of the thread. This requirement is met through the use of the lead sc

12、rew and the split unit, which provide positive motion of carriage relative to the rotation of spindle. 5.2 Turning and Lathe form-cutting operation 成形加工成形加工 longitudinally l:ditju:dinli adv.縱向縱向 lead screw 絲杠絲杠 split unit 開合機構(gòu)開合機構(gòu) 譯文譯文: : 車螺紋有兩個基本要求：首先，由于車螺紋是一種成形加工，車螺紋有兩個基本要求：首先，由于車螺紋是一種成形加工， 因此車刀必須

13、具有準確的形狀而且要安裝合適。所切出的螺紋外因此車刀必須具有準確的形狀而且要安裝合適。所切出的螺紋外 形是由車刀形狀和它與工件的相對位置決定的。其次，車刀的縱形是由車刀形狀和它與工件的相對位置決定的。其次，車刀的縱 向進給與工件的回轉(zhuǎn)運動具有特定的關(guān)系，因此這決定了螺紋的向進給與工件的回轉(zhuǎn)運動具有特定的關(guān)系，因此這決定了螺紋的 導程。這個條件可以通過采用絲杠和開合機構(gòu)得到滿足，它們可導程。這個條件可以通過采用絲杠和開合機構(gòu)得到滿足，它們可 以實現(xiàn)拖板相對于主軸回轉(zhuǎn)運動的精確可靠的運動。以實現(xiàn)拖板相對于主軸回轉(zhuǎn)運動的精確可靠的運動。 5.2 Turning and Lathe Lathe. Ma

14、ny types of lathes are used for production turning. According to purposes and construction, lathe-type machine tools can be classified as follow: 1. Engine lathes 普通車床普通車床 2. Vertical lathes 立式車床立式車床 3. Turret lathes 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床轉(zhuǎn)塔車床 4. Single-or multiple-spindle automatic or semi-automatic lathes 5. Contou

15、ring lathes 仿形車床仿形車床 6. Universal lathes 萬能車床萬能車床 7. Special-purpose lathes such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, car wheel lathes and backing-off lathes, etc. 5.2 Turning and Lathe Figure 5.1 The engine lathe lathe HeadstockChuck Guideway Tool post Compound rest Saddle Tailstock Feed rod Gear

16、 box Motor drive Rack Chip pan Apron Brake-clutch control Bed Lead screw The engine lathe Lathe bed is foundation of the engine lathe, which is heavy, rugged casting made to support the working parts of the lathe. The size and mass of the bed gives the rigidity necessary for accurate engineering tol

17、erances required in manufacturing. On top of the bed are machined slideways that guide and align the carriage and tailstock, as they are move from one end of the lathe to the other. 5.2 Turning and Lathe 床身是普通車床的基礎(chǔ)，它是由沉重而堅固的鑄件制作而成床身是普通車床的基礎(chǔ)，它是由沉重而堅固的鑄件制作而成 的，其目的是為了支撐車床的工作部件。床身的尺寸和質(zhì)量要使的，其目的是為了支撐車床的工作

18、部件。床身的尺寸和質(zhì)量要使 車床具有足夠的剛性以保證制造過程中獲得所需的工程公差。床車床具有足夠的剛性以保證制造過程中獲得所需的工程公差。床 身上的導軌可以引導和對準拖板和尾座，使它們可以從車床的一身上的導軌可以引導和對準拖板和尾座，使它們可以從車床的一 端移動到另一端。端移動到另一端。 rugged adj. 健壯，堅固健壯，堅固 mass n. 質(zhì)量質(zhì)量 slideways n.導軌導軌 Headstock is clamped atop the bed at left-hand end of the lathe and contains the motor that drives the

19、 spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways through a series of gears housed within the gearbox. The function of gearbox is to generate a number of different spindle speeds. atop adv. 在在()頂上頂上 gearbox 齒輪箱齒輪箱 5.2 Turning and Lathe 床頭箱（主軸箱）緊固在床身上面的左端，內(nèi)裝有電機，床頭箱（主軸箱）緊固在床身上面的左端，內(nèi)裝有電機， 它通過變速箱內(nèi)的一組齒輪來驅(qū)

20、動主軸轉(zhuǎn)動，主軸的軸線平行它通過變速箱內(nèi)的一組齒輪來驅(qū)動主軸轉(zhuǎn)動，主軸的軸線平行 于導軌。變速箱的功能是可以產(chǎn)生不同的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。于導軌。變速箱的功能是可以產(chǎn)生不同的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。 A spindle gear is mounted on the rear of the spindle to transmit power through the change gears to the feeding box that distributes the power to the lead screw for threading or to the feed rod for turning. on the

21、 rear of 在在的尾部的尾部 change gears 掛輪掛輪 lead screw 絲杠絲杠 feed rod 光杠光杠 5.2 Turning and Lathe 主軸齒輪安裝在主軸的尾部，通過掛輪把動力傳遞到進給箱，如主軸齒輪安裝在主軸的尾部，通過掛輪把動力傳遞到進給箱，如 果是車螺紋，進給箱將動力分配到絲杠上；如果是車削，就將動果是車螺紋，進給箱將動力分配到絲杠上；如果是車削，就將動 力分配到光杠上。力分配到光杠上。 The spindle has a through hole extending lengthwise through which bar stocks can

22、be fed if continuous production is used. The hole can hold a plain lathe center by its tapered inner surface and mount a chuck, a face plate or collet by its threaded outer surface. taper n.n.坡度，錐形坡度，錐形 v.v.錐度加工錐度加工 collet n.n.夾頭夾頭 5.2 Turning and Lathe 主軸有一個縱向通孔，如果連續(xù)加工棒料，通孔就用來實現(xiàn)棒料主軸有一個縱向通孔，如果連續(xù)加工棒料

23、，通孔就用來實現(xiàn)棒料 的送料。這個通孔具有一個內(nèi)錐面，可以安裝普通車床的中心頂?shù)乃土稀＿@個通孔具有一個內(nèi)錐面，可以安裝普通車床的中心頂 尖。主軸的外表面車有螺紋，可以安裝卡盤，花盤或夾頭。尖。主軸的外表面車有螺紋，可以安裝卡盤，花盤或夾頭。 Carriage assembly is actually an H-shaped block that sits across the guideways and in front of lathe bed. The function of the carriage is to carry and move the cutting tool longit

24、udinally. It can be moved by hand or by power and can be clamped into position with a locking nut. The carriage is composed of the cross slide, compound rest, tool saddle, and apron. 5.2 Turning and Lathe 拖板組件實際上是一個拖板組件實際上是一個H H形的鑄件，位于床身的前端并橫跨在導形的鑄件，位于床身的前端并橫跨在導 軌上。拖板的功能帶動刀具縱向移動，這個可以通過手動或者軌上。拖板的功能帶動

25、刀具縱向移動，這個可以通過手動或者 自動完成。利用鎖緊螺母可以將其卡緊在所需位置。拖板組件自動完成。利用鎖緊螺母可以將其卡緊在所需位置。拖板組件 由由橫拖板橫拖板，小刀架小刀架，刀架鞍板刀架鞍板和和溜板箱溜板箱組成。組成。 5.2 Turning and Lathe Carriage assembly 拖板組件拖板組件 cross slide 橫拖板橫拖板 compound rest 小刀架小刀架 tool saddle 刀架鞍板刀架鞍板 apron 溜板箱溜板箱 溜板箱溜板箱 變換箱外手柄位置，在光杠或變換箱外手柄位置，在光杠或 絲杠的傳動下，可使車刀按要絲杠的傳動下，可使車刀按要 求方向作

26、進給運動求方向作進給運動 床鞍床鞍 縱向移動縱向移動 中拖板中拖板 橫向移動橫向移動 小拖板小拖板 縱向移動縱向移動 刀架刀架 裝夾車刀裝夾車刀 The cross slide is mounted on the dovetail guideways on the top of the saddle and it moved back and forth at 90to the axis of the lathe by the cross slide lead screw. The lead screw can be hand or power activated. dovetail 燕尾槽燕

27、尾槽 5.2 Turning and Lathe 橫拖板安裝在刀架鞍板上部的燕尾槽導軌上。它利用橫拖板絲杠橫拖板安裝在刀架鞍板上部的燕尾槽導軌上。它利用橫拖板絲杠 于車床軸線成于車床軸線成9090度夾角的方向上前后移動。絲杠可以手動或者自度夾角的方向上前后移動。絲杠可以手動或者自 動驅(qū)動。動驅(qū)動。 The compound rest is mounted on the cross slide and can be swiveled and clamped at any angle in a horizontal plane. The compound is typically used for

28、 cutting chamfers or tapers, but must also be used when cutting thread. The compound rest can only be fed by hand. There is no power to compound rest. The cutting tool and tool holder are secured in the tool post which is mounted directly to the compound rest. swivel swvl v.旋轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn) 5.2 Turning and Lath

29、e 小刀架安裝在橫拖板上，它可以在水平面內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動或夾緊在任意角小刀架安裝在橫拖板上，它可以在水平面內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動或夾緊在任意角 度位置。小刀架主要用來倒角和加工錐面，在車削螺紋時也必須度位置。小刀架主要用來倒角和加工錐面，在車削螺紋時也必須 用到小刀架。小刀架只能手動進給，沒有動力傳到小刀架上。刀用到小刀架。小刀架只能手動進給，沒有動力傳到小刀架上。刀 具和刀夾被卡緊在直接安裝在小刀架上的刀座上。具和刀夾被卡緊在直接安裝在小刀架上的刀座上。 The tool saddle is an H shaped casting mounted on the top of the guideways and hou

30、ses the cross slide and compound rest. It makes possible longitudinal, cross and angular feeding of the tool bit. 5.2 Turning and Lathe 刀架鞍板是一個安裝在導軌上部的刀架鞍板是一個安裝在導軌上部的H H形鑄件，容納有橫拖板和形鑄件，容納有橫拖板和 小刀架。它可以實現(xiàn)刀尖的縱向、橫向和斜向進給。小刀架。它可以實現(xiàn)刀尖的縱向、橫向和斜向進給。 The apron is attached to the front of the carriage and contai

31、ns the gears and feed clutches which transmit motion from the feed rod or lead screw to carriage and cross slide. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is the feed rod that drives the carriage. 5.2 Turning and

32、 Lathe 溜板箱位于拖板的前端，里面裝有齒輪和將運動從光杠或絲杠溜板箱位于拖板的前端，里面裝有齒輪和將運動從光杠或絲杠 傳遞至拖板或橫向拖板的進給離合器。當切制螺紋時，動力通傳遞至拖板或橫向拖板的進給離合器。當切制螺紋時，動力通 過絲杠傳遞到溜板箱中的變速齒輪箱。在其它車削加工時，依過絲杠傳遞到溜板箱中的變速齒輪箱。在其它車削加工時，依 靠光杠來驅(qū)動拖板?？抗飧軄眚?qū)動拖板。 Tailstock is composed of a low base and the movable part of the tail-stock proper, the transverse adjustments

33、 being made with a cross screw furnished with a square head. The two parts are hold together by the holding-down bolts which secure the tailstock to the bed. transverse adj. 橫向的，橫切的；橫向的，橫切的； n. 橫軸橫軸 holding-down bolts 壓緊螺栓壓緊螺栓 5.2 Turning and Lathe 尾座由底座和尾座體的可移動部件組成。課移動部件的橫向調(diào)尾座由底座和尾座體的可移動部件組成。課移動部件的

34、橫向調(diào) 整有帶有四方頭的橫向絲杠來完成。底座和可移動部分通過壓整有帶有四方頭的橫向絲杠來完成。底座和可移動部分通過壓 緊螺栓連接在一起并將尾座固定在床身上。緊螺栓連接在一起并將尾座固定在床身上。 The tailstock is located on the opposite end of the lathe from the headstock. It supports one end of the work when machining between centers, supports long pieces held in the chuck, and holds various fo

35、rms of cutting tools, such as drills, reamers, and taps. reamer n.鉸刀鉸刀 tap n.絲錐；絲錐；v.攻絲攻絲 5.2 Turning and Lathe 尾座位于機床上和主軸箱相反的另一端。當采用兩端頂尖加工尾座位于機床上和主軸箱相反的另一端。當采用兩端頂尖加工 時，尾座支撐工件的一端，以支撐在卡盤中的長形零件。另外時，尾座支撐工件的一端，以支撐在卡盤中的長形零件。另外 尾座還可以夾持各種刀具，如鉆頭、鉸刀和絲錐等。尾座還可以夾持各種刀具，如鉆頭、鉸刀和絲錐等。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine

36、 Type of Milling Operation Classification of Milling Machine Function of the Basic Components Definition Definition Milling is the process of cutting away material by feeding a workpiece past a rotating multiple tooth cutter. Type of Milling Operation Peripheral Milling Face Milling End Milling Clas

37、sification of Milling Machine vertical milling machine horizontal milling machine Function of the Basic Components Column Knee Saddle Worktable Head Overarm 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine 銑銑 削削 方方 式式 逆銑逆銑 順銑順銑 周銑周銑 Peripheral Milling 端銑端銑 End Milling 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine 1. Peripheral Mi

38、lling The milled face is generated by teeth located on periphery of the cutter body. The axis of cutter rotation is generally in a plane parallel to the workpiece surface to be machined (shown in Fig.5.2a). 2. Face Milling The cutter is mounted on a spindle have an axis of rotation perpendicular to

39、the workpiece surface. 3. End Milling peripheral prifrl a.圓周的；外面的；次要的圓周的；外面的；次要的 perpendicular ,p:pndkjl a.a.垂直的垂直的 n.n.垂直線，垂直度垂直線，垂直度 Head Overarm Column Base Knee Saddle Worktable THE BASIC COMPONENTS: 立柱立柱 升降臺升降臺 床鞍床鞍 工作臺工作臺 主軸頭主軸頭 橫梁橫梁 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine Column An oil reservoir and

40、pump in the column keep the spindle lubricated. The column rests on a base that contains a coolant reservoir and a pump that can be used when performing any machining operation that required a coolant. reservoir n.油箱，容器油箱，容器 ； lubricate vt. 使滑潤使滑潤 coolant n.冷卻劑，冷卻液冷卻劑，冷卻液 rest on 被支撐在；依賴被支撐在；依賴,依據(jù)依據(jù)

41、 立柱中的油箱和油泵對主軸起潤滑作用。立柱安裝在底座上面，立柱中的油箱和油泵對主軸起潤滑作用。立柱安裝在底座上面， 底座有一個冷卻油箱和油泵，當加工過程中需要用冷卻液時使底座有一個冷卻油箱和油泵，當加工過程中需要用冷卻液時使 用。用。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine Knee The feed change gearing is enclosed within the knee. The lever can be raised or lowered either by hand or power feed. gearing n.傳動機構(gòu)傳動機構(gòu) lever n.

42、杠桿杠桿;控制桿控制桿 升降臺里有可以改變進給量的齒輪傳動機構(gòu)。升降臺里有可以改變進給量的齒輪傳動機構(gòu)。 操作桿向上或向下以實現(xiàn)手動或自動進給。操作桿向上或向下以實現(xiàn)手動或自動進給。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine Saddle supports the table and can move transversely, which slides on a horizontal dovetail, parallel to the axis of the spindle, on the knee. The swivel table (on universal mac

43、hines only) is attached to the saddle and can be swiveled approximately 45in either direction. transversely 橫向橫向 dovetail 燕尾槽燕尾槽 床鞍在升降臺上，支撐著工作臺，可以在平行于主軸軸線的水床鞍在升降臺上，支撐著工作臺，可以在平行于主軸軸線的水 平燕尾槽中橫向滑動?；剞D(zhuǎn)工作臺（只有在萬能銑床上）安裝平燕尾槽中橫向滑動?；剞D(zhuǎn)工作臺（只有在萬能銑床上）安裝 在床鞍上，可以沿任意方向回轉(zhuǎn)大約在床鞍上，可以沿任意方向回轉(zhuǎn)大約4545度度 5.3 Milling and Millin

44、g Machine Power feed mechanism is contained in the knee and controls the longitudinal, transverse (in and out) and vertical feeds. On some universal knee and column milling machines the feed is obtained by turning the speed selection handle until the desired rate of feed is indicated on the feed dia

45、l. dial dail n.n.刻度盤、標度盤刻度盤、標度盤 動力進給機構(gòu)位于升降臺內(nèi)部，控制縱向、橫向及垂直進給。動力進給機構(gòu)位于升降臺內(nèi)部，控制縱向、橫向及垂直進給。 在有些升降臺立式萬能銑床中，通過旋轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)速選擇手柄直到在有些升降臺立式萬能銑床中，通過旋轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)速選擇手柄直到 所需的進給速率與進給刻度盤上的標記對齊，就可以獲得所所需的進給速率與進給刻度盤上的標記對齊，就可以獲得所 需的進給量。需的進給量。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine The worktable can be moved longitudinally with respect to the

46、saddle by hand or by power. Place the end of the directional feed control lever to the left to feed the table to the left. 工作臺可以相對于床鞍手動或自工作臺可以相對于床鞍手動或自 動縱向移動。動縱向移動。 將方向進給手柄搬到左邊，工作將方向進給手柄搬到左邊，工作 臺就向左邊進給。臺就向左邊進給。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine Head contains the spindle and cutter holder. In vertical

47、machines the head may be fixed or vertically adjustable. The front of the spindle, which is near the table, has an internal taper machined on it. The internal taper (3 inches per foot) permits mounting tapered-shank cutter holders and cutter arbor. Two keys, located on the face of the spindle, provi

48、de a positive drive for the cutter holder, or arbor. 主軸頭包含主軸和刀夾。在立式銑床中，主軸頭要么是固主軸頭包含主軸和刀夾。在立式銑床中，主軸頭要么是固 定的要么是垂直可調(diào)的。定的要么是垂直可調(diào)的。 主軸接近工作臺的前端加工有一個內(nèi)錐孔。內(nèi)錐孔可以固主軸接近工作臺的前端加工有一個內(nèi)錐孔。內(nèi)錐孔可以固 定錐形刀具夾頭和銑刀桿。位于主軸端面上的兩個鍵給刀定錐形刀具夾頭和銑刀桿。位于主軸端面上的兩個鍵給刀 夾或刀桿提供強制驅(qū)動。夾或刀桿提供強制驅(qū)動。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine Overarm is the h

49、orizontal beam to which the arbor support is fastened. The overarm may be single casting that slides in the dovetail guideways on the top of the column. It may consist of one or two cylindrical bars that slide through the hole in the column. 橫梁是一個水平的梁，用以固定刀桿支架。橫梁有可能是一橫梁是一個水平的梁，用以固定刀桿支架。橫梁有可能是一 個鑄件，它

50、可以沿著立柱上部的燕尾槽導軌滑動。它可能由個鑄件，它可以沿著立柱上部的燕尾槽導軌滑動。它可能由 一根或兩根圓柱構(gòu)成，穿過立柱上的孔進行滑動。一根或兩根圓柱構(gòu)成，穿過立柱上的孔進行滑動。 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine On some machines to position the overarm, first unclamp the locknuts and then extend the overarm by turning a crank. On others, the overarm is moved by merely pushing on it. T

51、he overarm should only be extended far enough to so position the arbor support as to make the setup as rigid as possible. To place the arbor supports on an overarm, extend one of the bars approximately 1-inch farther than the other bar. 在一些銑床上對橫梁進行定位時，首先是松開自鎖螺母，然在一些銑床上對橫梁進行定位時，首先是松開自鎖螺母，然 后轉(zhuǎn)動曲柄將橫梁伸出

52、。在另一些銑床上，只需利用推力就后轉(zhuǎn)動曲柄將橫梁伸出。在另一些銑床上，只需利用推力就 可以移動橫梁。橫梁應該盡可能伸長以使刀桿支架的安裝具可以移動橫梁。橫梁應該盡可能伸長以使刀桿支架的安裝具 有足夠的剛度。為了將刀桿支架固定在橫梁上，需要將一個有足夠的剛度。為了將刀桿支架固定在橫梁上，需要將一個 圓柱桿比另一個圓柱桿伸長約圓柱桿比另一個圓柱桿伸長約1 1英寸左右。英寸左右。 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Definition of drill Hole-making operations Drilling Reaming Tapping Counterboring

53、Countersinking Spotfacing Boring Types of drill press Sensitive bench type Upright type Radial type Special purpose type 第第7講講 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Definition of drill Drill can be defined as a rotary end cutting tool having one or more cutting lips, and having one or more helical or straigh

54、t flutes for passage of chips and the admission of a cutting fluid. Lip n. 嘴唇，邊緣，凸緣嘴唇，邊緣，凸緣 Flute n.長笛，橫笛，凹槽長笛，橫笛，凹槽 鉆頭可以定義為具有一個或者多個切削刃的回轉(zhuǎn)刀具，它的鉆頭可以定義為具有一個或者多個切削刃的回轉(zhuǎn)刀具，它的 一個或多個螺旋排屑槽或直排屑槽起到作為切屑排除通道和一個或多個螺旋排屑槽或直排屑槽起到作為切屑排除通道和 容納切削液的作用。容納切削液的作用。 Drilling; Reaming; Tapping; Counterboring; Countersinking;

55、 Spotfacing; Boring 鉆孔、鉸孔、攻絲、平底锪孔、錐底锪孔、锪孔口平面、鏜孔鉆孔、鉸孔、攻絲、平底锪孔、錐底锪孔、锪孔口平面、鏜孔 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Drilling Drilling involves selecting the proper twist drill or cutter for the job, properly installing the drill into the machine spindle, setting the speed and feed, drilling a smaller pilot hole

56、, and drilling the hole to specifications within the prescribed tolerance. Drilled holes are always slightly oversized, or slightly larger than the diameter of the drills original designation. WHY? 鉆削時針對不同的工件要選擇合適的鉆頭，將鉆頭正確的安鉆削時針對不同的工件要選擇合適的鉆頭，將鉆頭正確的安 裝在主軸上，設(shè)定好速度和進給量，先加工一個小的導向孔，裝在主軸上，設(shè)定好速度和進給量，先加工一個小

57、的導向孔， 然后加工出滿足公差要求的孔。鉆削加工出來的孔通常都略然后加工出滿足公差要求的孔。鉆削加工出來的孔通常都略 大一些，或者說是比原始指定的鉆頭直徑稍大一些。大一些，或者說是比原始指定的鉆頭直徑稍大一些。 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Reaming It is difficult, if not impossible, to drill a hole to an exact standard diameter. When great accuracy is required, the holes are fist drilled slightly under

58、sized and then reamed to size. When you must drill and ream a hole, it is best if the setup is not changed. 把孔鉆削到準確的標準直徑，即使并非不可能，那也是非常把孔鉆削到準確的標準直徑，即使并非不可能，那也是非常 困難的。當精度要求很高時，困難的。當精度要求很高時， 可以先鉆一個小孔，然后通可以先鉆一個小孔，然后通 過鉸削將孔加工到規(guī)定尺寸。過鉸削將孔加工到規(guī)定尺寸。 當你必須先鉆孔再鉸孔時，工件最好是一次裝卡。當你必須先鉆孔再鉸孔時，工件最好是一次裝卡。 5.4 Drilling an

59、d Drill Press Tapping is cutting a thread in a drilled hole. 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Counterboring Counterboring is the process of using a counterbore to enlarge the upper of a hole to a predetermined depth. Countebored holes are primarily used to recess socket head cap screws and similar bolt

60、heads slightly below the surface. socket head cap screws 內(nèi)六角螺釘內(nèi)六角螺釘 bolt heads 螺栓頭螺栓頭 平底锪鉆就是利用平底擴孔鉆將孔的上端擴至預定深度。平平底锪鉆就是利用平底擴孔鉆將孔的上端擴至預定深度。平 底锪孔主要用于安放圓柱頭內(nèi)六角螺釘或類似的螺栓頭，使底锪孔主要用于安放圓柱頭內(nèi)六角螺釘或類似的螺栓頭，使 其略低于孔平面。其略低于孔平面。 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press Countersinking Countersinking is an operation in which a cone-