翻譯理論與實(shí)踐之前五篇練習(xí)講解

1、漢譯英漢譯英No.1 馬克思在寫作時，對于語言的馬克思在寫作時，對于語言的 純潔性和精確性極為重視。他每天純潔性和精確性極為重視。他每天 都閱讀偉大的作家如但丁，歌德，都閱讀偉大的作家如但丁，歌德， 莎士比亞等人的作品。他時常下很莎士比亞等人的作品。他時常下很 大的工夫去找一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~句。對大的工夫去找一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~句。對 于一些人亂用詞語的習(xí)慣，他簡直于一些人亂用詞語的習(xí)慣，他簡直 不能容忍。不能容忍。 馬克思雖然在國外度過他一生馬克思雖然在國外度過他一生 中的三分之二，他的著作中的德語中的三分之二，他的著作中的德語 是純潔而優(yōu)美的。他不愧為德語的是純潔而優(yōu)美的。他不愧為德語的 最杰出的大師和

2、創(chuàng)造者之一。最杰出的大師和創(chuàng)造者之一。 漢譯英第1篇參考譯文： When writing, Marx attached great importance to the purity and accuracy of language. Every day he read the works by such great writers as Dante, Goethe, Shakespeare, etc. Not infrequently he took great pains (in) searching for an appropriate word and phrase. He couldn

3、t bear some people who abused the words and expressions. Though Marx spent two thirds of his life abroad, the German language (he used) in his works was pure and graceful. He deserved to be one of the most outstanding German masters and creators. 漢譯英漢譯英No.2 先生女士：先生女士： 我十分高興地推薦曾立珊到喬治我十分高興地推薦曾立珊到喬治?？怂?/p>

4、大學(xué)進(jìn)修深造。?？怂勾髮W(xué)進(jìn)修深造。 我接觸他是在我接觸他是在2007年，當(dāng)時他正進(jìn)入大學(xué)，選修了我開的文年，當(dāng)時他正進(jìn)入大學(xué)，選修了我開的文 藝?yán)碚撜n程。他給我的印象是學(xué)習(xí)積極性高，對西方文藝?yán)碚擃H藝?yán)碚撜n程。他給我的印象是學(xué)習(xí)積極性高，對西方文藝?yán)碚擃H 感興趣。感興趣。 在兩年的本科學(xué)習(xí)中，他以優(yōu)異的成績完成了全部課程，表在兩年的本科學(xué)習(xí)中，他以優(yōu)異的成績完成了全部課程，表 現(xiàn)出良好的悟性和研究能力。在我看來，他聰穎，勤奮，具有合現(xiàn)出良好的悟性和研究能力。在我看來，他聰穎，勤奮，具有合 作精神，在班上總是名列前茅。作精神，在班上總是名列前茅。 曾立珊現(xiàn)為我系大二學(xué)生，大學(xué)生英語協(xié)會主席，他工

5、作認(rèn)曾立珊現(xiàn)為我系大二學(xué)生，大學(xué)生英語協(xié)會主席，他工作認(rèn) 真負(fù)責(zé)，富有成效，經(jīng)常受到同學(xué)們的好評。真負(fù)責(zé)，富有成效，經(jīng)常受到同學(xué)們的好評。 曾立珊非常希望能得到這次去喬治曾立珊非常希望能得到這次去喬治福克斯大學(xué)進(jìn)修的機(jī)會。?？怂勾髮W(xué)進(jìn)修的機(jī)會。 為此，我大力推薦他。若他此次申請能遂心愿，我將感到驕傲。為此，我大力推薦他。若他此次申請能遂心愿，我將感到驕傲。 謹(jǐn)上。謹(jǐn)上。 湖南理工學(xué)院外語系湖南理工學(xué)院外語系 毛新耕副教授毛新耕副教授 2009年年3月月17日日 漢譯英第漢譯英第2篇參考譯文：篇參考譯文： Mar. 17，2009 Dear Sir/Madam, I t g i v e s m

6、e g r e a t p l e a s u r e t o recommend Mr. Zeng Lishan for advanced studies at George Fox University. I came to know Zeng in 2007 when he, as a college student, attended my course on theories of art and literature. He impressed me with strong motivation and intense interest in western theories of

7、 art and literature. During the two years of the undergraduate program, he accomplished all the coursework with distinction, demonstrating insightful perception and research abilities. He struck me as intelligent, hardworking and cooperative, always coming on the top of the class. Zeng is at the mom

8、ent a sophomore in my Department and Chairman of College English Association. He has displayed a strong sense of duty and has often been commended by his classmates as efficient and successful. Zeng is very anxious that he be granted the chance to improve himself at GFU. I r ecommend him wi t h o u

9、t reservation and would be proud if his application is favorably considered. Sincerely, Mao Xingeng Associate Professor Foreign Languages Department Hunan Institute of Science and Technology 漢譯英漢譯英No.3 膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇白蛇傳白蛇傳講的是講的是 傳自明朝的故事。傳自明朝的故事。白蛇精與青蛇精白蛇精與青蛇精化作化作 美女美女來到人間。白蛇精與一位來到人間。白蛇精與一位書生書生相愛

10、相愛 并生一子。并生一子。禪師法海禪師法海認(rèn)為他們的結(jié)合違認(rèn)為他們的結(jié)合違 反反傳統(tǒng)婚姻傳統(tǒng)婚姻，傷風(fēng)敗俗，他氣急敗壞。，傷風(fēng)敗俗，他氣急敗壞。 于是他派于是他派神兵神將神兵神將前來捉拿白蛇精，并前來捉拿白蛇精，并 將她鎮(zhèn)壓在一座將她鎮(zhèn)壓在一座塔塔下面。后來，青蛇精下面。后來，青蛇精 在深山中修煉，習(xí)武多年，終于砸爛了在深山中修煉，習(xí)武多年，終于砸爛了 那座塔，那座塔，救出白蛇精救出白蛇精。至此，白蛇精與。至此，白蛇精與 丈夫、兒子又得團(tuán)聚。在丈夫、兒子又得團(tuán)聚。在白白劇中，劇中， 蛇被賦予了崇高的人性。蛇被賦予了崇高的人性。 漢譯英第漢譯英第3篇參考譯文：篇參考譯文： The White S

11、nake, one of the most popular traditional Beijing operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty (13681644). White Snake Spirit and Green Snake Spirit metamorphosed themselves into two beautiful girls and ventured into the human world. White Snake fell in love with a young scholar and

12、 gave birth to a son. Fahai, a Buddhist monk, regarded their union as a violation of the conventions regarding marriage and an example of moral degeneration. Much enraged, he sent officers and soldiers from the heaven, who captured White Snake, and using magical powers he himself incarcerated her un

13、derneath a pagoda. For many years afterwards, Green Snake hid herself in deep mountains and gave herself rigorous spiritual and martial arts training. In the end she succeeded in toppling the pagoda and rescued her mistress. Now White Snake was reunited with her husband and son. The snake in the ope

14、ra is endowed with the noble character of human nature. 英譯漢第英譯漢第1篇參考譯文：篇參考譯文： 對待翻譯技巧的態(tài)度對待翻譯技巧的態(tài)度 談到翻譯技巧與原則，我們恕不同意談到翻譯技巧與原則，我們恕不同意 一些人忽視技巧，把技巧當(dāng)作無足輕重的一些人忽視技巧，把技巧當(dāng)作無足輕重的 東西棄之不顧。這些人中有一些甚至說：東西棄之不顧。這些人中有一些甚至說： “我從來沒有看過理論之類的東西，但我我從來沒有看過理論之類的東西，但我 同樣能做好翻譯。同樣能做好翻譯?！蓖瑯?，我們也不能贊同樣，我們也不能贊 同另一些人，他們將翻譯理論視為靈丹妙同另一些人，

15、他們將翻譯理論視為靈丹妙 藥，夸大翻譯理論與技巧的重要性。藥，夸大翻譯理論與技巧的重要性。 英譯漢英譯漢No.No.2 2 Now, the people of all nationalities throughout the country are determined to raise the scientific and cultural level of the entire Chinese nation. We must strengthen scientific and technical cooperation and academic exchanges with other

16、countries. Obviously, though we have our own inventions in science and technology, we still need to learn from other countries. And there is nothing queer about international academic exchanges. Joseph Needham stated positively: “Certain it is that no people or group of peoples has had a monopoly in

17、 contributing to the development of science. Their achievements should be mutually recognized and freely celebrated with the joined hands of universal brotherhood.” n英譯漢練習(xí)英譯漢練習(xí)2 2參考譯文：參考譯文： n 當(dāng)前全國各族人民都在決心提高科當(dāng)前全國各族人民都在決心提高科 學(xué)文化水平。我們必須加強(qiáng)同各國的科學(xué)文化水平。我們必須加強(qiáng)同各國的科 技合作和學(xué)術(shù)交流。很顯然（不言而技合作和學(xué)術(shù)交流。很顯然（不言而 喻），雖然我們在科

18、技領(lǐng)域有自己的發(fā)喻），雖然我們在科技領(lǐng)域有自己的發(fā) 明，但是我們?nèi)匀灰蛲鈬鴮W(xué)習(xí)。國際明，但是我們?nèi)匀灰蛲鈬鴮W(xué)習(xí)。國際 交流是不足為奇的。李約瑟（約瑟夫交流是不足為奇的。李約瑟（約瑟夫尼尼 達(dá)姆）曾經(jīng)斷言過：達(dá)姆）曾經(jīng)斷言過：“勿庸置疑，沒有勿庸置疑，沒有 哪一個民族或幾個民族可以壟斷對科學(xué)哪一個民族或幾個民族可以壟斷對科學(xué) 發(fā)展作出的貢獻(xiàn)。各國的成就應(yīng)當(dāng)受到發(fā)展作出的貢獻(xiàn)。各國的成就應(yīng)當(dāng)受到 相互尊重（承認(rèn)），世界各國應(yīng)當(dāng)拉起相互尊重（承認(rèn)），世界各國應(yīng)當(dāng)拉起 博愛的雙手予以贊頌（慶祝）。博愛的雙手予以贊頌（慶祝）?！?In his In his T Talk on alk on L Li

19、terary iterary T Translationranslation published in 1954 Guo Moruo pointed out, published in 1954 Guo Moruo pointed out, “Translation is creative work. Good “Translation is creative work. Good translation is as good as writing and may translation is as good as writing and may be even better than it.

20、 Sometimes be even better than it. Sometimes translation is more difficult than writing. translation is more difficult than writing. A writer must have experience in life, but A writer must have experience in life, but a translator has to experience what the a translator has to experience what the w

21、riter has experienced. At the same time, a writer has experienced. At the same time, a translator must not only be proficient in translator must not only be proficient in his mother tongue but also have a very good his mother tongue but also have a very good foundation in a foreign language. Therefo

22、re, foundation in a foreign language. Therefore, translation is not easier than writing at translation is not easier than writing at all.” His analysis is really penetrating!all.” His analysis is really penetrating! 原文1：He looked up in surprise, his dark eyes peering through rimless glasses, his asc

23、etic face showing annoyance at the unannounced intrusion.Arthur Hailey： Strong Medicine 譯文：他抬起頭來吃了一驚，深色的眼睛從無框眼鏡后 面凝視著，苦行僧式的面龐上，露出對這次未經(jīng)通報的 突然造訪感到厭煩的神情。（艾平 譯） 原文2：Her manner presented a curious combination of shyness and audacity. Every pretty smile was succeeded swiftly by a look of silent, repressed anxiety, as if put to flight by the recollection of some abiding danger.Joseph Conrad: Lord Jim 譯文：她的姿態(tài)很奇怪，羞澀中又帶點(diǎn)兒潑辣。每回倩 然笑了一笑之后，好像想起某種永遠(yuǎn)避免不了的危險似 的，笑影嚇跑了，臉上隨即呈出一種默默的、憂抑的、 焦思的神情來。（梁遇春 袁家驊 譯） 原文3：The groundwork of the face was hopefulness; but over it now lay like a foreign substance a film of