Situational-Syllabus

1、2021/6/71 The Situational Syllabus Presenter: 張慧玲 Team members: 陳敬巖、孫萍、吳艷 2021/6/72 Outlines 1.Introduction 1.1 Definition of situational syllabus 1.2 Features of situational syllabus 1.3 Problems of situational syllabus 2.The difficult points 2.1 Situational grading 2.2 Advantages and disadvantages

2、 3.Summary and comments 2021/6/73 1.1Definition of situational syllabus 1.2 Features of situational syllabus 1.3 Problems of situational syllabus Introduction 2021/6/74 1.1Definition Situational syllabus is often defined as one which the contents are organized according to situations in which certai

3、n language is likely to be employed.(Richards, et al, 1985:260; Ur, 2000: 178) It is based on two predictions, situational prediction and behavioural prediction. 2021/6/75 key idea situation The fundamental principle for the organization of contents is to make a list of situations, real or imagery,

4、which reflects the way language is used in everyday life. So the designer of a situational syllabus tries to predict situations that the learners are likely to encounter in daily life, such as “at the airport”, “at the restaurant”, “at the post office” each lesson deals with the language associated

5、with a different situation. 2021/6/76 1.2Features of situational syllabus 1. A situational syllabus would try to provide the learner with the knowledge and skills he would need to deal with social demands. It answers the question: When and where will the learner need the target language? It attempts

6、 to specify the situations. 2021/6/77 2. A situational syllabus would take the setting of use of the language the type of interaction involved as primary; linguistic forms as dependent on the situations. 2021/6/78 1.3 Problems 1.It assumes that the syllabus designer is able to predict accurately the

7、 situations in which the learner will find himself and it is only in a very small number of cases that we can predict with any degree of certainty. Eg: a flight announcer at an international airport announcing the arrival of a x Airways flight number n from y However, for most learners the predictio

8、n of situational needs is an impossibility. 2021/6/79 2.It further assumes that the components of the concept situation have been exhaustively listed and their inter- relationships mapped, when the actual position is that we have, at best a number of vague taxonomies and even vaguer notions of how t

9、he elements involved influence each other. 2021/6/710 3.Another assumption is that there is some predictable relationship between the situation on the one hand and the language used in it on the other . Unfortunately, there are no strong relationships of this type,except for highly ritualized langua

10、ge use such as prayer,greetings, leaving taking, thanking,etc. 2021/6/711 2.1 Situational grading Situational syllabuses are not syllabuses which list situations nor are the situations graded from “easy” to “difficult”. Unlike the grammarian, who has strict criteria for deciding on the complexity of

11、 any sentence. The social scientist can just have some rough and ready taxonomies of items involved in situations but only very hazy notions of how these items interrelate. 2021/6/712 So, there is no way in which the syllabus designer can decide whether a situation is easy or difficult to learn or w

12、hether it is simple or complex. 2021/6/713 2.2 Advantages & disadvantages 2021/6/714 Advantages： Motivating learners It is not subject-centered but learner- centered(Wilkins.1976: 16). Learners learn language structures within concrete contexts thus making it easier to understand and master new know

13、ledge. 2021/6/715 Disadvantages： Syllabuses can not include all the Syllabuses can not include all the situations in real life.situations in real life. Artificial dialogues can not be used in Artificial dialogues can not be used in natural language.natural language. Grammar items and structures are

14、not Grammar items and structures are not arranged in a systematic way.arranged in a systematic way. According to the individual differences, According to the individual differences, students communicative needs cant students communicative needs cant be satisfied in the limited situations be satisfie

15、d in the limited situations listed in the language course.listed in the language course. 2021/6/716 Example Now, it is 3 oclock! Situation c Situation B Situation A Simply asking time objection complaint 2021/6/717 Summary Definition and features of situational syllabus Situational grading Advantage

16、s 1) motivating learners 2) improving communicative competence Disadvantages 1) impossibility of all predictions 2) lacking of versatility 3) unnaturalness 2021/6/718 Comments So, the ideal solution is to combine the situational syllabus with other syllabus design. advantagesadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantages ？ 2021/6/719 References Richards, J., Platt, J., & Weber,H. 1985. Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. London : Longman. Brumfit, C. J., & Johnson, K., (Eds). 1979. The communicative approach to language teaching. Oxford: OUP. 英語教材分析與設(shè)計英語教材分析