初中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx初中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解【精品文檔】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一.概念:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。二.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞三.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài):以為work 例:l1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am / is/are+ workedl2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí): was / were+ workedl3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí): shall / will +be+ workedl4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): should / would+be+ workedl5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am /is/are+ being+ workedl6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

2、was /were+ being+ worked 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has+ been+ worked8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí): had +been+ worked 9. 將來(lái)完成時(shí): shall/ will +have been +worked 10. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí): should/would +have been+ worked 11. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞四.用法：當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。五.方法： Many people speak En

3、glish.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))l English is spoken by many people.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）六. 注意以下問(wèn)題： A. 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，若將直接賓語(yǔ)(sth.)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，須根據(jù)習(xí)慣在原間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for 用to的常見(jiàn)詞有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用for的常見(jiàn)詞有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.eg.l1. Mar

4、y gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.l2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father.B.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不可變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。eg. 1. We call her Gina.l She

5、is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy. I was made happy( by them). 3. He asked me to come here.l I was asked to come here (by him)C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.動(dòng)詞之后，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則一定要加上to。eg. 1. We saw them play football just now.l They were seen to play football just now.

6、 2. We often hear her sing in English.l She is often heard to sing in English.D. 在某些“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”(相當(dāng)于及物物動(dòng)詞)的句子中，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，注意不要丟掉介詞/副詞。eg.1. People often talk about that film. l That film is often talked about.l2. We should speak to the old people politely.l The old people should be spoken to politely.E

7、. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的詞：1）某些感官動(dòng)詞: look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound, etc. 2）某些及物動(dòng)詞+副詞： wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, shut, keep, etc. 1. This coat feels soft.l 2. The pen writes smoothly. l 3. That book sells well.l 4. This kind of shirt washes easily.F. 只有及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗粠зe語(yǔ)。

8、eg. happen What was happened?What has happened?What is happening? G. 若主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將其變?yōu)閕n+名詞，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而不變?yōu)閎y的賓語(yǔ)。eg. Our village opened a new school last year. A new school was opened in our village last year.H. 若主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將其變?yōu)?be known to，而不能變?yōu)?be known by。eg. People all over the

9、 world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.I. 若主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等否定不定代詞時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)將其anybody, anyone作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，并將其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為否定的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg. Nobody can answer this question.This question can not be answered by anybody. 一.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. A large number of people speak French in Paris.l French _ _ _a large number of people in Paris. 2. My cousin repaired the broken watch.l The broken watch _ _ _my cousin.3. We should plant the trees around the lake.l The trees _ _ _ar