醫(yī)學(xué)英語主要前綴

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx醫(yī)學(xué)英語主要前綴【精品文檔】1人體主要器官前綴名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 常用形容詞 示例心 heart cardiao- cardial /carditis/cardiology腦 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontor/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃 stomach gastro-

2、gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽 gallbladder chole- biliary cholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎 kidn

3、ey nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/ 靜脈 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌 musc

4、le myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng) nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron細(xì)胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital體 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴數(shù)字 前綴 示例一（單）

5、mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccom

6、piund七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴顏色 通用名 前綴 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chr

7、omatin/chromatometer紅 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍(lán) blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple綠 green棕 brown brown mixture/b

8、rown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G粉紅 pink oink frothy sputum緋紅 crimson青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義 前（后）綴 形容詞 示例病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài) -osis -otic neurosis/tu

9、berculosis/schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis減少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph

10、age-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復(fù)合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義 前（后）綴 示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability困難/障礙 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥 -it is appendicitis/bron

11、chitis/arthritis瘤/塊 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血癥 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea壞死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)

12、石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義 通用詞 前綴 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后 back/posterior post-/retro

13、- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi) inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial間 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/p

14、ericarditis/peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/對 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/invaivou/活體內(nèi);in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；in situ/insaitju:/原位8與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/s

15、plenectomy切開 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術(shù) -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng) trans- transdominal/tr

16、anslateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例酸鹽 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal酮 -one acetone/prog

17、esterone/ketone糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10與“作用”有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例殺 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge抗 -anti antibio