梭羅《瓦爾登湖》的象征主義分析開題報告段

1、云南民族大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語專業(yè)本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文開題報告書題目 Analysis of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism 從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 姓名 段改金 班 級 2013級英語三班 學(xué)號 201308401308 指導(dǎo)教師 楊燕 2016 年10月28日 論文題目 (Title)Analysis of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism 從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 中心論點： 本論文將在象征主義被許多外國文學(xué)作品中運用過試圖來詳細(xì)地分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖。通過細(xì)讀作品中各種意象和文章篇章的布局的重要信息，來探索梭羅的象征意義

2、的存在和內(nèi)涵，象征手法的使用不僅能深化主題并使之更形象，而且常常能奇跡般地激起讀者的情感并喚起讀者的想象，從而賦予作品與眾不同的全新意義。因此讀懂象征藝術(shù)對于更好地理解該小說有著至關(guān)重要的作用。通過在田園生活中感知自然、重塑自我的奇異歷程和心理描寫的研究，表達(dá)了新英格蘭知識分子對于唯利是圖的社會現(xiàn)實不得不滿。Thesis Statement： This paper attempts to analyze Thoreaus Walden by using symbolism which was used in many foreign literary works. Reading carefu

3、lly the important information of the layout of article and description of various images in the work, we can explore the connotation of Thoreaus symbolism; the use of symbol can not only deepen the theme but also often miraculously arouse the readers imagination, which endows the work with distincti

4、ve meaning. Therefore, interpretation of the symbols plays a vital role in better interpretation of the text. Through the study of psychological and description of nature in the pastoral life and the reshaping of himself, it is expressed that the New England intellectuals for the mercenary is not sa

5、tisfied.本研究目的和意義: 研究目的：現(xiàn)代社會，人們更加注重精神文明，追求的是精神和心靈上的寧靜。通過對瓦爾登湖中意象所象征的梭羅的精神高度的解析，來體現(xiàn)它的象征主義的理解對個人及社會的重要性，同時使作者更加準(zhǔn)確、貼切地理解這部作品。Modern society, people pay more attention to spiritual civilization and pursuit the spiritual peace. By analyzing Thoreaus spirit through Waldens symbolic images, representing the

6、 importance of symbolism to the individual and society, and making the author understand the work accurately and properly. 研究意義（Significance）：通過對作品的解讀和作者的分析，幫助理解作品中的主題和進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)梭羅的作品，也可以從中反映出那個時代人們的態(tài)度和梭羅的差距，從而加深對梭羅的印象，更好的闡述他的思想對現(xiàn)實的意義。 Through the interpretation of the work and the analysis of the author

7、 to help understand the theme of the work and a further study of Thoreaus works. It can also reflect the gap between peoples attitude of the era and Thoreau, thereby deepen mans impression of Thoreau and interpret better his thinking on the significance to the reality.本研究的理論意義（國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述）:1 研究背景：一直以來，從

8、精神層面來分析瓦爾登湖對現(xiàn)代社會的影響是一個很多中國學(xué)者喜歡評論的點，他們研究的都是回歸到大自然，人們的精神和心靈都能得到凈化，也倡導(dǎo)只有在和諧的人和自然的環(huán)境中，才能達(dá)到人與自然的對立統(tǒng)一。國外也有學(xué)者.作家對瓦爾登湖中生態(tài)主義和梭羅的超驗主義的研究。但用象征意義來具體分析瓦爾登湖中體現(xiàn)的人與自然的研究還不多。Chinese scholars like to comment the Walden through the spiritual point of view to analyze the impact of modern society, their study is back to

9、 the nature, peoples spirit and mind can be purified, and also advocate in Harmonious relationship human-nature, people can achieve the unity of man and nature of the opposition. There are also abroads scholars .writers on Walden ecologic and Thoreaus transcendentalism. But the studies are not enoug

10、h that apply a symbolic meaning to analyze specifically of Walden reflecting the relationship between human and nature.2. 研究現(xiàn)狀 2.1 國內(nèi)外關(guān)于梭羅及作品的研究 2.2.1 國外研究狀況 1862年，艾默生發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于大西洋報中關(guān)于梭羅的文章，這似乎是研究梭羅的開始。迄今為止在美國研究過梭羅的學(xué)者已經(jīng)有一百多年歷史了。梭羅在美國文學(xué)史上的評價是復(fù)雜的。首先，美國作家J.R Lowell和英國作家A.E Stevenson批評梭羅是一名業(yè)余自然學(xué)家，他只是模仿艾默生。

11、然而，像Mark Van Doren和Norman Forester這樣的學(xué)者肯定了梭羅所做的藝術(shù)成就。他們相信，梭羅致力于追求真理，善良和美麗與自然。但他們沒有集中在梭羅的思想和想法。1941年，是對梭羅的研究的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)者馬蒂森（Matthiessen）出版了一本名叫美國文藝復(fù)興：艾默生和惠特曼時代的藝術(shù)和表達(dá)。在他的著作中，Matthiessance大致對梭羅進(jìn)行了解讀，并得到美國新批評注意的廣泛支持。它使梭羅成為美國文學(xué)史上的經(jīng)典作家之一。20世紀(jì)50年代以后，對梭羅的研究迅速上升，大致可以分為五個方面。一，傳記研究；二，文學(xué)研究；第三，哲學(xué)研究；四，生態(tài)學(xué)研究；最后是文化

12、研究。 In 1862, Emerson published an article about Thoreau in Atlantic, which would seem to be as the beginning of studying Thoreau. There have been over one hundred years for the scholars studying on Thoreau so far in American. Thoreau might to be a complicated one in American literary history. First,

13、 American writer J.R Lowell and British writer A.E Stevenson criticized that Thoreau was an amateur naturalist and he simply imitated Emerson only. However, the scholars like Mark Van Doren and Norman Forester were sure the art achievements that Thoreau had made. They believe that Thoreau devoted al

14、l his life to pursuit the truth, the kindness and the beauty with nature. But they did not focus on Thoreaus thoughts and ideas.In 1941, it was a turning point for the study of Thoreau. F.O Matthiessen, a Harvard University scholar, comes out American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Em

15、erson and Whitman. In his work, Matthiessance interpreted Walden as a whole, which was supported in detail by American New Criticism. And it made Thoreau become one of the classic writers in American literary history. And after 1950s, the study of Thoreau increased quickly, which can divide five asp

16、ects. First, biographical study; Second, literary study; Third, philosophic study; Fourth, ecological study; Last is culture study.2.2.2 國內(nèi)研究狀況到目前為止，中國學(xué)者已經(jīng)認(rèn)可了梭羅和他的作品。對瓦爾登湖的研究分為兩個時期；21世紀(jì)是一個分水嶺。在21世紀(jì)初期，大多數(shù)是對梭羅和他的作品的介紹。然而，自20世紀(jì)90年代以來，對梭羅的研究取得了進(jìn)步。在新的世紀(jì)，研究更傾向于多樣化。許多學(xué)者從四個方面進(jìn)行研究。一，21世紀(jì)前的認(rèn)可度；二，21世紀(jì)后的接受度；第三，

17、梭羅哲學(xué)的研究；最后，梭羅的生態(tài)思想研究。So far, we Chinese have accepted Thoreau and his works. The studies of Walden fall into two periods; the 21st century is a watershed. At the beginning of the first period of time, most are the introduction for Thoreau and his works. While, since 1990s, the studies of Thoreau hav

18、e made a spurt of progress, in the new century, the studies tend to be more diversity. Many scholars study from four aspects. First, the acceptance before the 21st century; Second, the acceptance after 21st century; Third, the study of Thoreaus philosophy; Last, the Thoreaus ecological thoughts. 本研究

19、的問題、理論、方法和視角：問題：從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 Analysis of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism理論：象征主義 Symbolism方法：文本細(xì)讀法.文獻(xiàn)期刊研讀法 Reading book and the journals or reference視角：通過從象征主義的視角對瓦爾登湖進(jìn)行分析 From Symbolism to interpret the work本研究的主要觀點和重難點:主要觀點：象征主義源于十九世紀(jì)晚期的法國象征主義運動,已成為現(xiàn)代小說中一種重要的創(chuàng)作手法。通過運用象征主義手法,作家能夠形象而生動地表達(dá)出其作品中所蘊含的

20、抽象、深刻的概念或觀點。象征主義強調(diào)在創(chuàng)作中使用暗指或誘導(dǎo)等方式而非直接描述來揭示隱含在文中深層的意義和聯(lián)系。象征主義的研究在對文學(xué)作品分析中有重要意義。 Symbolism, which originates from the French Symbolist Movement in the late 19thcentury, is used as one of the important devices in modern fiction. As a writing technique, symbolism is favored by many writers; it is an effe

21、ctive tool for writers to express abstract ideas and profound views in their works. It stresses the priority of suggestion and evocation over direct description and explicit analogy, the notion of a deeper, hidden level of meaning and connection is favored. An examination of symbolism in literary wo

22、rks will be immensely helpful. 重點：用象征意義對作品細(xì)讀，從而加深對作品的理解。With a Symbolism to read the work, it will enrich peoples understanding of the work.難點：對于瓦爾登湖的研究，前人研究焦點主要集中在生態(tài).自然觀等方面，而關(guān)于象征意義在這部作品中的分析還不多。因此，在解讀這部作品的象征意義時存在困難，需要作者綜合其它作品中象征主義的體現(xiàn)來讀瓦爾登湖進(jìn)行新的角度的分析。For Waldens study, the focus of previous studies fo

23、cused on the ecological, natural and so on, while Symbolism of the analysis in this work is not much. Therefore, there is difficulty in interpreting the Symbolism of this work, and the author needs to analyze Walden in a new view from the perspective of symbolism in other works. 詳細(xì)提綱 (Detailed Outli

24、ne):1. Introduction1.1 A General Introduction to Henry David Thoreau 1.2 A General Introduction to Walden 2.Symbolism 2.1 The Origin of Symbolism2.2 The Definition of Symbolism 2.3 The Characteristics of Symbolism 2.4 The Significance of Symbolism 2.4.1 Symbolism in Literature 2.4.2 Symbolism in Tho

25、reaus works 3.The Symbolism Embodied in Walden 3.1 Symbol of Natural Scenery 3.2 Symbol of Animal 3.3 Symbol of Season 3.4 Symbol of Man 4.The Enlightenment of Symbolism 4.1 Benefit to Modern People Who have Strong desire or needs 4.2 Help to Those of Losing Oneself in Life 5.Conclusion This part wi

26、ll clarify Symbolism is profoundly improved and explored in Thoreaus Walden. 寫作進(jìn)程 (Schedule):2016年9月 與指導(dǎo)老師聯(lián)系/見面/溝通，討論論文方向和選題，開始搜集論文資料 2016年10月 確定論文題目，并做讀書筆記和完成開題報告2016年11月 填寫開題報告的所有內(nèi)容，并提交論文開題報告2016年12月 整理收集好的所有資料，把每一章要寫的具體內(nèi)容羅列出來2016年12月 完成第一二章的內(nèi)容2016年12月 完成第三四章內(nèi)容2017年1月 提交論文正文初稿給指導(dǎo)教師 2017年2月 提供初稿反饋意見2017年3月 提供修改稿12017年3月 提供修改稿1反饋意見2017年3月 提供修改稿22017年4月 提供修改稿3，按要求做好參考書目2017年4月 指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做好論文正文前的材料（封面、序言、目錄） 2017年4月 提供修改稿4，按要求做好正文前材