新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫講義

1、2021新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫講義-.從教學(xué)情況看，學(xué)生續(xù)寫主要存在!1!個方面問題:1）對原文的理解不到位，續(xù)寫文不對題;2）與段落開頭語的銜接不合理，行文邏輻不清；3）情節(jié)安排不合理或無話可說；4）語言表達上，詞匯低級且出現(xiàn)較多的語法錯誤，表達不準確。此外，目前的續(xù)寫教學(xué)以講評 課、分析課居多，真正系統(tǒng)有效的語言輸入很少。與概要寫作一樣，讀后續(xù)寫作為高考英語大作文, 時間緊，任務(wù)重，考前一定要有足夠的準備與積累。二.解決問題技能提升一開頭的精彩續(xù)寫1. An adverbCarefully, he stepped over all the broken glass.Joyfully he sk

2、ipped up the street.Para 1 ： （201610 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Paral ： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. 1nlmcdialelv. an absolute darkness ruled （he forest.（時間副詞銜接+環(huán)境描寫）2. An adj. phraseCurious lo know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.Unable to say a word, he was rooted t

3、o the spot.（201610 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Desperate and hopeless. Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.（并列情緒形容詞）（201610 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing s

4、earching for assistance.（狀態(tài)形容詞+as/though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句）（201806 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature. I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.（情緒形容詞+從句）（201806 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 2: We had no idea where we wer

5、e and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry. I wondered if we could find our way back.3. A participle （-ing or -ed word）Looking around him cautiously, he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.Exhausted. he was glad the race was finally over.（201610 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Paral: But no more helicopters

6、came and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed. Jane had to stay alone for another night.（現(xiàn)在分詞+情緒形容詞）（201610 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.（現(xiàn)在分詞+狀態(tài)形容詞）4. A conjunctionAs he walked. he wh

7、istledAlthough he was afraid, he jumped right in.5. A prepositional phraseAt the end of the lane he suddenly stopped.At the siRht of the snake, the little girl screamed at the top of her voice.6. A dialogue or a monologue“Lets see who gets there first!” Rachel shouted, as she pedaled fast and zoomed

8、 past Jenny.“Hold on tight!” My father yelled. We just finished bucking in as the coaster jerked into motion. This was my first roller coaster ride.（201706 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Get into thecar. Paul shouted at Mac7. A characterMark is a studious boy who love

9、s reading. His classmates often tease him for being to。hardworking and they call him Mr. Smart. One afternoon, while studying at home.8. An emotionThe moment she saw how she did for her Science test, tears started welling up in Tinas eyes and falling down her cheeks.9. A settingI closed my eyes to e

10、njoy the gentle breeze and the sounds of the clashing waves. Gently opeiiEq n】。eye。1I saw my parents taking a relaxing stroll along the beach.The cave was dark and everything was silent. I couldnt even see iny hand in front of my face, I knew this adventure was going to be something that I would nev

11、er forget.（201711 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）Para 2: We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. I looked out of th。ca。windoWg winding viveg lofty mountaig sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination.（視覺+環(huán)境描寫+擬人）10. An actionFurry started wagging his tai

12、l and 門inning around in circles when he saw his master taking a leash out from the drawer. Furry was all ready for his evening walk.（201711 浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫范文摘錄）P“ra /: 77e next clay we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mon】？（動作描寫十

13、問句銜接）11. Sound effectsBOOM. CRASH! The wind was howling outside of my house. We were having a terrible thunder storm. I was very scared.12. A questionHave you ever been on a selfdriving trip? Let me tell you an exciting trip my family took this summer.Why does trouble always follow me around? Do I h

14、ave a “kick me“ sign on n】 back or something?技能提升二動作描寫一、動作描寫的原則要精準使用精準化動作類詞匯對動作進行細致描寫，用一系列小動作而不用大動作或者用含義比 較明確的動詞而不用抽象或虛化的動詞來描述,可以使描寫更加具體生動。試比較下面兩句：(l)The little boy said sorry to his mother.The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.分析:句中“said sorry to”不帶任何感情色彩，而句中使用了具體化的表示“說”

15、的動詞 mumbled,從而使一個不愿意道歉乂不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地復(fù)現(xiàn)在讀者腦海中。有過程記敘文中有不少動作描寫是一連串動作過程的展示。尤其在展示人物個性的動作時,如果我 們靖蜓點水、一筆帶過，就很難突出人物形象，也很難給人以深刻的印象，而通過細節(jié)描寫展現(xiàn)出 動作的過程，表現(xiàn)力便會大增。如：CDS he went to catch the butterfly.She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently.分析:句在描寫主人公捕捉蝴蝶的動作時,

16、沒有細節(jié)的動作描寫，因此顯得很平淡。而句 運用了 creep, bend, cup三個連貫的動詞生動具體地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙過程, 具有極強的畫面感。因此，在續(xù)寫過程中,在必要的地方恰當(dāng)使用一連串的動詞來表示過程，能為 文章增添不少色彩。除了在動詞上做調(diào)整，還可以利用恰當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手法來幫助描寫動作。比喻、擬人、夸張等修 辭手法都能讓動作描寫變得更有表現(xiàn)力。(1)比喻The old mans face wrinkled.The old mans face was like a withered apple.(2)擬人My stomach was aching for not eat

17、ing on time. My stomach was punishing me for not eating on time.(3)夸張When she heard the bad news, she cried.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.分析:上面每組中的句分別使用了比喻、擬人、夸張的修辭手法，使得動作的描述更加生 動形象，更加吸引眼球。二、動作描寫的素材listen impatiently 不耐煩地聽glare angrily at sb.對某人怒目而視glance around/round the

18、room 掃視房間stare at ；疑視take a look at 看overhear a funny conversation無意間聽至lj 一段好笑的談話remark評論說add補充說與“跑、跳、行走”等相關(guān)的詞塊walk across a street步行穿過馬路 walk arm in arm臂挽著臂走pace back and forth 來回踱步 jump to ones feet 一躍而起walk gracefully步態(tài)優(yōu)美地走 rush out of the room 沖出房間技能提升三心理描寫心理描寫的原則L落實“細微處”描寫在描寫人物心理活動時，一定要突出細行，所有的

19、感情都體現(xiàn)在“細微處，所以盡量不用籠統(tǒng)的詞，如 smile,cry等，而用相關(guān)的細節(jié)性詞匯或詞組，例如：Lily smiled happily.Lily wore a shining smile on her face.分析:句中“smile”是一個籠統(tǒng)的描述微笑的詞匯，而句中使用了 wore a shining smile,用詞組的形式 更加突出細也展示了細微和精致的“微笑”。2 .體現(xiàn)“多樣性”結(jié)構(gòu)在進行人物心理描寫時，盡量避免平鋪直敘，可以多采用如非謂語動詞的形式，作為謂語動作的伴隨狀態(tài)， 從而使得描寫到位,并體現(xiàn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。如：Her eyes were filled with

20、tears,and she offered her sincere thanks to the man.Tears filling her eyes,she offered her sincere thanks to the man.分析:句在描寫心理活動“哭泣”時,用到了 Her eyes were filled with tearso而句則把這句改成了獨立 主格結(jié)構(gòu),運用了 Tears filling her eyes,更顯得描寫的細致，同時也體現(xiàn)了句式的多樣化,展示了高超的語言運 用能力。3 .展示“豐富化”修辭除了選擇細致的心理描寫詞匯和多樣化的句式表達外，提升語言層次的另外一種方式是

21、多使用修辭方法, 例如：The smile on her face shone like a diamond.I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.分析:句中，把“微笑”比喻成像鉆石一樣閃閃發(fā)光”;而句中，把“悲傷”比喻成”漂浮在悲傷的海洋里二 展示了用修辭來體現(xiàn)細q描寫的豐富。二、心理描寫的素材1與“喜悅和滿意”相關(guān)的詞塊with pleasure非常樂意2.與“悲傷和煩恒r相關(guān)的詞塊be sad at heart心里悲傷be down in spirits 情緒低落an ocean of sadness 悲傷的海洋burst in

22、to tears/burst out crying 大哭起來sob啜泣be clouded with grief 陰沉的悲傷be in low spirits 情緒低落fall into despair 陷入絕望feel depressed/discouraged 感到沮喪/泄氣have a worried look 愁眉苦臉a bright/shining smile 燦爛的微笑a mixture of excitement and happiness 既興奮又 開心burst into laughter/burst out laughing 突然大笑 起來be wild with joy/

23、delight 欣喜若狂be joyful about/at/over 對很高興be in high spirits 情緒高漲be pleased beyond description 快樂難以言表light up喜逐顏開be content/satisfied with 對滿意be delighted at 對很高興3 .與一生氣和怨怒。相關(guān)的詞塊be very angry at 對很生氣feel angry/annoyed感到惱怒/生氣 be seized by anger 充滿憤怒be fuming with rage 大發(fā)雷霆 tremble with anger 憤怒得顫抖a loo

24、k of burning anger 憤怒的一眼 glare at sb.怒視 flare up勃然大怒be in a rage 一怒之下be mad at對生氣技能提升四修辭描寫Examples of MetaphorExample 1All religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree. (Albert Einstein)Clearly, Einstein wasnt talking about a literal tree. But hes showing a close relationship between

25、different topics by suggesting that theyre all part of the same living thing. He also basically raises an interesting question - if art, religion, and science are all branches, what should we call the tree s trunk?很明顯，爰因斯坦說的不是字面意義上的樹。但他通過暗示不同的主題都是同一生物的一部分，展示 了它們之間的密切關(guān)系。他還提出了一個有趣的問題如果藝術(shù)、宗教和科學(xué)都是分支的話，我

26、們該怎 么稱呼樹的樹干呢？Example 2That football player is really putting the team on his back this evening!Football commentators use this phrase all the time when an entire team appears to be depending on its running back. The image of a single man running hard with a whole football team on his back is an expre

27、ssion of hard work and dedication.當(dāng)整個球隊似乎都依賴于它的跑動時，足球評論員總是使用這個短語。一個人背著整個足球隊拼命奔跑的形象是努力工作和獻身精神的表現(xiàn)。Example 3She was a rock star at our last business presentation.This is probably not referring to a literal rock star falling from space or the other common metaphor: a musician performing at a rock concer

28、t. Instead, it simply means the person delivered a great performance at the meeting and stood out like a rock star on the stage.這可能不是指字面意義上的搖滾明星從天而降，也不是其他常見的比喻:音樂家在搖滾音樂會上表演。相反，它只是意味著這個人在會議上表現(xiàn)出色，像舞臺上的搖滾明星一樣引人注目Technique 1: Personification (擬人)Description/purpose:Gives an object the characteristics of

29、 a living thing, bringing it to lifeExamples：The flowers nodded.Snowflakes danced.Thunder grumbled.Fog crept in.The wind howled.The haunted house seemed to stare at me, beckoning me towards the door.Technique 2: simile （明 喻）Description/purpose:Similes likens something to something else giving a more

30、 detailed descriptionExamples：The night sky was as dark as the deepest ocean.The stars sparkled like diamonds.The snake moved like n ripple on a pond.Technique 3: metaphor （暗喻）Description/purpose:Metaphors say that something is something else, giving the description more powerExamples：A wave of Mor

31、washed over him.Technique 4:Vivid adjectives （生動的形容詞）Description/purpose:To make the story more interesting and vivid by using more imaginative descriptions, sometimes in a listExamples：Gleaming, glistening, whispery flakes of snowTechnique 5: Negative description （否定描述）Description/purpose:To tell t

32、he reader what is not there is an effective way of showing how unpleasant, comfortless a place isExamples：There was no cushion, no carpet, no wa門nth, no lighl and no comfort.Technique 6: Camera-paii and zoom （攝影全景+放大）Description/purpose:To use the idea of how a film director works, you can give a wi

33、der view then focus in on one detailExamples：From the withering trees he looked past the littered fannyard, across to the decrepit hovel. Its doors hung sadly awry, the handle broken.Technique 7: Nouns for details （細節(jié)名詞）Description/purpose:Scenes are filled with things that we see and therefore uses

34、 lots of nouns, even lists of nouns to convey what is there.Examples：The rooms were crowded with lanterns fastened on oak paneled walls, lables laid with silver candlesticks and goblets.Technique 8: Senses （感官）Description/purpose:All of our senses become aware in a new situation or place. Your reade

35、r needs to know how your character are feeling.Examples：Wafts of salt-laden air were in her nostrils as the skioery sand on her feel led her to the edge of the waves.Good setting description for appreciation （佳“景”賞析）1. The house smelled musty and damp, and a little sweet, as if it were haunted by th

36、e ghosts of long-dead cookies.2. The sun kept dipping down into the ocean and the lights came on at the harbor, casting sudden shadows on the ground,illuminating the faces that were just a second ago silhouettes. The sky was golden and purple, the ocean a darker shade of violet.3. The sun had set. b

37、ut a faint pastel haze lingered in the mid-summer sky.4. They rolled up the path, tree branches raking the windshield like angry wardens.5. Outside, the air filled with cricket noise, as the sun reddened in its descent.6. A restaurant overlooking a starlit night sprang to my imagination like somethi

38、ng out of an illuminated manuscript from the late Middle Ages.7. The moon went slowly down in loveliness; she departed into the depth of the horizon, and long veil-like shadows crept up the sky through which the stars appeared.8. All brightness was gone, leaving nothing. We stepped out of the tent o

39、nto nothing. Sledge and tent were there. Estraven stood beside me. but neither he nor I cast any shadow. There was dull light all around, everywhere. When we walked on the crisp snow no shadow showed the footprint. We left no track. Sledge, tent, himself, myself: nothing else at all. No sun, no sky,

40、 no horizon, no world.9. Night had fallen fast upon the land. No more than an hour ago the sky was painted with hues of red, orange and pink, but all colour had faded leaving only a matt black canvas with no stars to be looked upon.10. It would be a cold moonless night. The sky was dark and low, the

41、 air so chilled it hurt to breathe. Already the ground was laid white with frost and any water that had been liquid under the winter sun had become ice.技能提升五外部沖突What is a climax of a story?(什么是故事高潮？)More tension=satisfying climax文學(xué)故事中的高潮(climax) -故事的主要場景(key scene)也通常是故事的轉(zhuǎn)折點(turning point),是 指故事達到最緊

42、張或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有時候是劇情中的“危機點。有時候，它只是達到關(guān)鍵時 刻或者轉(zhuǎn)折點，發(fā)生了一些事情，或者主角必須做出決定，從而導(dǎo)致一個結(jié)果或其他。我們在分析敘事類故 事或者小說故事的時候常常用下面的圖表來表示故事情1九flailing ActionThis is xhcc tha characters wor欠 to solve the problem or conflict.Resolution 7his is how things up in the story.Climaxhis is when the prubfttm reaches a high point!backgro

43、und 7his includes tha introduction of G/iaraatars and setting.Rising Action7his includes the events leading up to the main problem or conflict.Story/tlounfain常見故事高潮示例：1. A little girl has been searching for her lost dog. All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming from around the comen and she looks ar

44、ound to see .2. Kevin has worked very hard to try out for the soccer team at school. The coach has posted a list of this years team members on his office door. Kevin walks forward to look at the list.3. Marys parents have been discussing whether or not to move to another state. Tliey call Mary and h

45、er sister down to talk with them about their decision4. Lois has performed in the state gymnastics finals. She waits anxiously to hear the names of the winners. The announcer says, “And first place goes to .文學(xué)名著中的一些故事高潮1. The deaths of Romeo （who kills himself because he thinks Juliet is dead） and J

46、uliet （who kills herself when she awakes and sees Romeo dead）. Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare （羅密歐和朱麗葉,莎士比亞）2. When Gaston and the townspeople come to attack the beast, and Belle admits her love for the beast. Beauty and the Beast, Disney （美女與野獸，迪士尼）3. In The Three Little Pigs,“ suspense builds up un

47、til the confrontation between the third pig and the wolf. This confrontation is the climax.（三只 小豬）How to create a climax of a story?（如何營造故事的高潮？）方法1.增加外部沖突增加外部沖突是一種明顯有效的可以達到故事高潮的方式。沖突帶來緊迫感，將故事推向必要的解決或崩 潰O1）角色之間的沖突（人物觀點差異，競爭需要等）如：2017 年 11 月浙江英語高考：On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a

48、 hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time. Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous.開車找旅館一徒勞無功母親建議 搭帳篷在他人后院-David和我倍感緊張，心有不悅（母子的觀點不一）2）角色與環(huán)境之間的沖突如：2017 年 6 月浙江英語高考：Then M

49、ac heard quick and loud breathing behind himhe saw instantly thatit wasnt a dog at all, but a wolf: quickly catching up with him. Mac*s heart jumped, he fired the spray at thewolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later,Then it

50、, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell backMac騎車獨自行，路遇餓狼，與之搏斗，險象環(huán)生。（人（角色）一一狼（環(huán)境）大戰(zhàn)）3）時間依賴的發(fā)展：決策變得緊急如：2017 年 6 月浙江英語高考：The car abruptly stopped in front of him. HGet into the car/1 Paul shouted at Mac. Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without

51、delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tear Mac into pieces. What a narrow escape!騎車突停面前-急喊上車-Max上車避險一餓狼近在咫尺（此情 此景，刻不容緩）4）增加的障礙：人物角色必須克服挑戰(zhàn)，以達到他們的目標例如：2018 年 6 月高考 But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost. We had no idea wher

52、e we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.小兔突現(xiàn)一馬兒受驚一草原迷路（障礙1） -天色漸黑（障礙2）-又累又餓（障礙3） -心理恐慌（障礙4）方法2.放大內(nèi)心沖突放大內(nèi)心沖突（你的角色的內(nèi)心斗爭）也有助于建立一個高度緊張和不確定的時刻?，F(xiàn)在我們在來看高考讀后續(xù)寫中的內(nèi)心沖突是如何體現(xiàn)的：2016 年 10 月浙江高考：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. Jane, exhausted an

53、d scared, lay down near a stone, missing her family at a distance. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldnt help crying, Hadnt I quarreHed with Toi】，walked away and alinibed to the hiqh place, I wouldnt be trapped in this awful place, confronted with the danger of dying. She regretted wit

54、h endless anxiety, and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.夫婦爭吵-獨自行走荒野走散夜色漸黑獨處森林陰森恐怖后悔莫及（內(nèi)心沖突的刻畫）內(nèi)心獨 白（往昔對比+虛擬語氣使用+旁邊描寫是常見技巧之一）方法3.使用環(huán)境描寫增加不確定性充分利用環(huán)境描寫可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具體方法可以看上期讀后續(xù)寫微技能。當(dāng)故事角色在碰 到困難時候，我們往往要加大筆墨來描寫故事環(huán)境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。強化環(huán)境描寫增強了高潮元素。 我們感受到了緊張的倍增。例 1 ： Immediately, an absolute darkne

55、ss ruled the forest（黑暗）.Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped dramatically.（寒冷）例 2： It didnt take long for the forest to be enveloped in darkness （黑暗）.Her rasping breath steamed （寒冷）in the moonlight and her throat was parched from thirst.技能提升六精彩收尾讀后續(xù)寫各種精彩收尾段落一、畫面定格1 .人物動作的畫而定格如：（2020 杭州高級中學(xué)等五

56、校聯(lián)考）They stood there for a moment, side by side, waiting for the rushing holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother* s shoul

57、ders and gently guided her back into the deluge.如：His hard work paid off! Holding the soda tin firmly, Reuben rushed for the shop to buy the brooch. The moment he got the beautiful brooch, he burst through the front door and placed it in Dora s hand. Never had Dora received such a gift. Speechless andhappy, she held her son tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her eyes.如：The butterfly cleaned her tears on the face, No. God felt a bit relieved and said, aTomorrow you can become human again.M But she shook her head and said, “No, I want to be a butterfly for