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1、高考短文改錯設(shè)題技巧和備考策略河南 昝亞娟短文改錯是高考英語試卷中的傳統(tǒng)題型之一。短文改錯集多項(xiàng)語法規(guī)則和多種語言技能于一身,具有題型小,綜合性強(qiáng),靈活性大,覆蓋面廣,測試層次多的特點(diǎn)。短文改錯不是單純地檢測考生的語法知識,而是檢測考生閱讀理解的過程中,根據(jù)語篇和上下文運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識去解決實(shí)際的問題的能力。具體來說,短文改錯主要檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力,以考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語知識的準(zhǔn)確性。短文改錯試題考查的考點(diǎn)涵蓋對基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握、運(yùn)用、分析和綜合等諸多方面,考查目標(biāo)既涉及語言知識的多個方面,包括詞法、句法、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯等,又涵蓋理解、分析、運(yùn)用和整體思維等諸

2、方面能力。從1991年至1995年, 短文改部分通常錯設(shè)15個小題,賦分15分。在1996年至2000年期間,短文改錯題型有所變化。短文設(shè)計10個小題,賦分10分。但是,最早開始高考自主命題的上海市,高考英語試卷多年來一直沒有選用全國高考英語試卷中的短文改錯題型。北京市從2001年開始高考自主命題,在2003年也取消了短文改錯題型。從2005年起,一些高考自主命題的省份,如湖南、湖北、廣東、江蘇、山東、天津、安徽和江西等,也相繼取消了短文改錯題型。目前,在全國19套高考試卷中,新課標(biāo)全國卷、大綱全國卷、大綱全國、重慶卷、陜西卷、遼寧卷、西川卷和浙江卷中仍保留了短文改錯題型。高考英語考試大綱(說

3、明)對短文改錯題型的特點(diǎn)作了如下描述:“本題給出一篇約100個單詞的短文,其中10行每行右邊標(biāo)有題號,要求考生判斷是否有錯,如有錯將其改正。錯誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等?!?高考試卷中的短文改錯題平均每篇短文約810個句子,每行約912個單詞,其中大部分為簡單句或并列句,總詞匯量約100120個單詞。分行的短文改錯題一般設(shè)計一行沒有錯誤,23個小題句子成分缺詞或多詞,需要添加或者刪掉,67個小題存在語言錯誤,需要改正。2011-2014年高考英語試卷中出現(xiàn)的短文改錯題型可分為兩大類:第一類為分行的短文改錯,即傳統(tǒng)的短文改錯。第二類為語篇改錯,即把原來標(biāo)出題號的10行的短文改成了不分行的整

4、篇文章來該錯,要求學(xué)生判斷的不是每行而是每句是否有錯誤,整篇共有10 處錯誤,多于10處不算分?jǐn)?shù)。這無疑比原來的題型加大了難度。對考生是一個極大的挑戰(zhàn)。短文改錯的短文的內(nèi)容淺顯易懂,短文詞數(shù)為100左右,體裁大多為記敘文,偶爾也有說明文和應(yīng)用文。短文改錯設(shè)計的錯誤主要涉及詞法、語法、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯等幾個方面??忌枰谡w理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上,借助語境進(jìn)行判斷。因此,這就要求考生不僅掌握好一定的詞匯和語法知識,而且具有一定的閱讀、分析和邏輯推理能力。為了幫助同學(xué)們了解短文改錯試題特點(diǎn),提高識別錯誤的能力,下面結(jié)合近三年的高考試題,對短文改錯的考點(diǎn)分布情況和設(shè)題技巧進(jìn)行分析:一、動詞類錯誤動詞類

5、的錯誤在短文改錯中占2-4個,是短文改錯試題中占比重較大一個考點(diǎn),因此需要我們特別關(guān)注。動詞類的錯誤通常包括:謂語動詞的錯誤、和非謂語動詞的錯誤。(一)謂語動詞謂語動詞方面的錯誤主要包括時態(tài)前后不一致、主句和從句的動詞時態(tài)不一致、句子缺少謂語動詞、語態(tài)錯誤、動詞與主語的人稱和數(shù)不一致、不及物動詞后缺少介詞、情態(tài)動詞誤用等。1、謂語動詞時態(tài)用錯或前后不一致since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷)【分析】句首的短語since then“從那以后”暗示本句的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時

6、,因此應(yīng)把had 改為have。my dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. we didnt need to do so many homework.(2014全國大綱卷【分析】根據(jù)第一句可知,本句陳述的是事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。第二句應(yīng)與第一句的時態(tài)保持一致,因此把didnt改為dont。my dream school look like a big garden.(2014全國大綱卷) 【分析】本句為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)my dream school,因此謂語動詞用looks。we can lie on the

7、 grass for a rest, sat by the lake. ( 2014年全國大綱卷)【分析】本句含有兩個謂語動詞第一個是can lie on the grass for a rest,逗號后為并列謂語,情態(tài)動詞can后應(yīng)用動詞原形,因此把sat改為sit。 for example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights?(2012大綱全國i卷)【分析】句子的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在完成時,兩個謂語動詞都應(yīng)使用過去分詞,因此應(yīng)把leave 改為 left。2、從句和主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不一致 i w

8、as only four when she passes away.(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)主句為一般過去時,從句也應(yīng)用一般過去,因此把passes改為passed。when i tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said(2012新課標(biāo)全國卷)【分析】短文通篇為一般過去時,主句的謂語動詞是said,因此應(yīng)把tear改為tore。my father and i stayed at the south lake hotel for a week when we visit beijing last month. (2012陜西卷)

9、【分析】句中有時間狀語last month,主句為一般過去時,因此從句也應(yīng)為一般過去時,應(yīng)把visit改為visited。yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.(2012大綱全國ii卷)【分析】短文通篇是一般現(xiàn)在時。因賓語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時,因此主句也應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時,把seemed改為seems。thank you for the lovely day we have with you.(2012遼寧卷)【分析】根據(jù)語意,“謝謝我們與你一起度過的這一天”。由于事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生,因此定語從句應(yīng)用一般過去時,因此應(yīng)把have改為had。you alw

10、ays held me in your arms and told me stories till i fall asleep.(2012重慶卷)【分析】前句為一般過去時,主句的兩個謂語動詞(held和 told)都用了過去式,因此till狀語從句也應(yīng)用一般過去時,因此把fall改為fell。i knew that they will be worried about myself because i was(2012浙江卷)【分析】本文講述的是兩年前作者本人的一段經(jīng)歷。主句i knew為一般過去時,因此賓語從句應(yīng)用過去將來時,應(yīng)把will改為would。 i hold my lunch-bo

11、x in my hand when i was going to school.(2011大綱全國卷)【分析】when時間狀語從句的謂語動詞為過去將來時,因此主句謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時,把hold改為held。 by the time i got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen(2011陜西卷)【分析】本句含有三個謂語動詞:第一個為got,第三個為couldnt be,因此可判斷第二個謂語動詞也應(yīng)為過去的某種時態(tài)。又因by the time連接的從句為一般過去時,主句應(yīng)用過去完成時,因此把have 改為h

12、ad。 we became friends shortly after we meet each other.(2011重慶卷)【分析】句意為:我們見面不久就成為好朋友。根據(jù)前句的謂語動詞became可判斷應(yīng)把meet改為met。3、謂語動詞形式錯誤i didnt cheat. i was just helping a friend. why does she punish me?(2013年四川卷) 【分析】根據(jù)前兩句可知,第三句也應(yīng)用一般過去時,因此疑問句應(yīng)用助動詞did。故does把改為did。 suddenly mary, my best friend, asking me to le

13、t her copy my answers.(2013年四川卷)【分析】本句中謂語動詞錯誤,描述過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用一般過去時,因此把a(bǔ)sking改為askedtea in china was traditionally drank from cups without handles. (2013年新課標(biāo)卷) drank改成drunk?!痉治觥扛鶕?jù)語意,本句應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。動詞drink的過去分詞為drunk,可與前面的was構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。i couldnt believe my luck not only did i had my photo taken with him, but he sig

14、ned his name on my shirt! (2011全國ii)【分析】第一句和第三句的謂語動詞都是一般過去時,破折號后面為倒裝句,因not only放在句首,故助動詞 did放在主語之前,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用動詞原形,把had改為 have。4、缺少謂語動詞so really friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(2014年新課標(biāo)全國2卷)【分析】本句缺乏謂語動詞,句式be able to do sth.意為“能夠做某事”,因此在able前加系動詞be。i was happy when the toys worked, b

15、ut when things did wrong, i got angry(2012新課標(biāo)全國卷)【分析】在連詞but后的第二個分句中,謂語動詞出現(xiàn)錯誤。go wrong意為:出錯。應(yīng)把did改為went。也可在did 后加go,構(gòu)成對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)。the commanding officer, wayne tyler, who directly responsible for the study of all such reports, decided to(2011遼寧卷)【分析】兩個逗號之間的句子,為wayne tyler帶的定語從句,who 后面只有形容詞,缺少系動詞,應(yīng)加上was。

16、 5、謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語不一致suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.(2014陜西卷)【分析】本句的主句是the arrows,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),因此把was改為were。the early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(2014年遼寧卷)【分析】本句的主語為barking 因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,把have改為has。the understanding between two

17、friends mean both of them have similar ideas.(2014年新課標(biāo)全國2卷)【分析】根據(jù)賓語從句both of them have similar ideas 可知,本句為一般現(xiàn)在時。本句的主語為the understanding between two friends,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),故應(yīng)把mean 改為means。 finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.(2013年陜西卷)【分析】本句為“there be”結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動詞應(yīng)與名詞a sudden pu

18、ll保持一致,因此應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,把were改為was。good night and remember you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.(2013浙江卷)【分析】分析題干可知,本句的主語是you,而不是dear diary,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。把is改為are。hard work have made him very ill. (2013遼寧卷)【分析】句子的主語是hard work,不可數(shù)名詞后謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,因此把have改為has。now my friend ann,

19、 together with me, are going to do field study(2012重慶卷)【分析】句子的主語是my friend ann, together with me是狀語前置,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),應(yīng)把a(bǔ)re改為is。what i liked best were the free high-speed internet connection in the room.(2012陜西卷)【分析】主語從句what i liked best后謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),因此把were改為was。 but the only clothes i had was those i had o

20、n.(2011全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】本句的主語為the only clothes,其后跟定語從句i had,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),因此把was改為were。katia, like many other russian girls, are nice and lively.【分析】本句的主語為katia,其后的介詞短語like many other russian girls作狀語,插在謂語動詞之前,對考生造成干擾,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),因此把a(bǔ)re改為is。in early january this year, the rate of ufo reports were steady.(2011遼寧卷)

21、【分析】本句的主語為the rate,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),因此把were改為was。6、語態(tài)錯誤they were looked like rain!(2014年陜西卷)【分析】短語look like“看起來像”,后接名詞,構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu),因此去掉were。(二)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞方面的錯誤僅次于謂語動詞。包括動詞不定式類錯誤、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動名詞類錯誤。1、與動詞不定式有關(guān)的錯誤it is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014年遼寧卷)【分析】本句的題干為:“it is +形容詞

22、to do sth.”句式。it 為形式主語,指代動詞不定式to understand ,因此把understanding 改為understand。he wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陜西卷)【分析】動詞want后接動詞,want to do sth. “想做某事”。因此在wanted后加to。she used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)【分析】used to do sth.意為 “過去常常做某事”,因此應(yīng)把holding改

23、為hold。make my toys to last(2012全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】句中含有 make sb do sth“讓某人做某事”結(jié)構(gòu),因此,去掉last前的動詞不定式符號to。 2、與現(xiàn)在分詞相關(guān)的錯誤one evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.(2014 陜西卷)【分析】分析題干可知,句子的主干為we sat by the fire。逗號后非謂語動詞,因have our barbecue是主語發(fā)出的動作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。故have把改為having。felt hungry, we built a

24、fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陜西卷)【分析】分析題干可知,逗號后為句子的主干,句首為非謂語動詞。由于“感覺餓了”是主語發(fā)出的動作,因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。把felt改為feeling。last sunday morning, when i was having a walk in the park near my home, i came across a crew make a new film(2011陜西卷)【分析】主句中謂語動詞為came across,賓語a crew 后面為分詞作定語,表示主動的、正在進(jìn)行的動作,應(yīng)用

25、寫作分詞作定語,把make改為making。follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.(2011遼寧卷)【分析】逗號后面的部分為句子的主干,逗號之前為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,因此應(yīng)把follow改為following。3、與過去分詞相關(guān)的錯誤i am awfully tiring, but i know(2013年浙江卷)【分析】tiring意為“累人的;麻煩的;無聊的”,通常描述事物,本句描述“我非常疲憊”,因此把tiring改為tired“勞累的;厭倦的”。third, w

26、e should findways to reuse the water using in washing.(2012大綱全國ii卷)【分析】本句意為:我們應(yīng)找到方法,循環(huán)使用洗衣用過的水。過去分詞短語used in washing修飾名詞the water,表示完成和被動。因此應(yīng)把using改為used,表示“洗衣時被用的水”。i also shared with my friends many photos taking in beijing.(2012陜西卷)【分析】句中的非謂語動詞taking用錯。應(yīng)把taking改為taken,過去分詞表示被動的意味,photos taking in

27、 beijing “在北京拍攝的照片”。 4、動名詞類錯誤after think for some time, i let her copy my answers. (2013年四川卷)【分析】介詞after后應(yīng)用動名詞,因此把think改為thinking。he isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新課標(biāo)全國大綱卷)【分析】短語be good at doing sth.“擅長做某事”把talk改為talking。have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridg

28、e between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013年新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】分析題干可知,句子的主語為“have tea in the late afternoon”。由于動詞原形不能作主語,應(yīng)把have改成having。thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川卷)【分析】句中的介詞by 后有連詞not only but also連接兩

29、個動詞,這兩個動詞都應(yīng)用動名詞形式,因此把teach改為teaching。i guessed, even at that age, i would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy. (2011浙江卷)【分析】動詞enjoy后接動名詞,enjoy doing “喜歡做某事”,因此把enjoy后面的 to 去掉。 ive soon got used to live without my parents around.(2011重慶卷)【分析】句意為“不久,我就習(xí)慣了獨(dú)立生活”。習(xí)慣用語be/get used to表示“對習(xí)慣”,to為介

30、詞,后接動名詞形式,因此把live改為living。 (三)情態(tài)動詞誤用meanwhile, i found out that with more patience i must make my toys (2012全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】句意為:我發(fā)現(xiàn),如果我更有耐心些,我可以使玩具更長久。句中的情態(tài)動詞must用錯,應(yīng)改為could或might。she said, “i have been practicing for three weeks now, but i still couldnt get used to it.(2010四川卷)【分析】根據(jù)前句可知,下句陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況,情態(tài)動

31、詞couldnt誤用,應(yīng)改為cant。(四)易混動詞的誤用hope you good health and much happiness every day!(2012四川卷)【分析】動詞hope后不能接復(fù)合賓語。英語中表示祝愿通常用wish,而不用hope。因此把hope改為wish。二、名詞類錯誤與名詞相關(guān)的錯誤主要包括名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用、在不可數(shù)名詞后加-s、名詞詞形錯誤等。(一)該用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞使用了單數(shù) nearly five years before since then-for all these year-we(2014年新課標(biāo))【分析】前句有nearly five yea

32、rs before,因此,本句中的“這些年”these years,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。we can do reading for one and a half hour.(2014年新課標(biāo)大綱卷)【分析】本句意為“我們可以讀書一個半小時”。one and a half hours “一個半小時”。把hour改為hours。weve called several time about cleos early morning barking. 【分析】句中的several意為“幾個的”,后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此把time改為times。hello, boys and girlsstay close

33、 to your teacher and classmate.【分析】根據(jù)前句中的boys and girls可知,說話人是對同學(xué)們講話的,因此應(yīng)把classmate改為classmates。he was tall, with broad shoulder(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)【分析】句意為:他身材高大,肩寬背闊。因此shoulder應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish.(2013年 陜西卷)【分析】句中的時間狀語“在幾分鐘內(nèi)”,名詞minute應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),因此把minute改為minutes。

34、i saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together. (2013遼寧卷)【分析】句中的some of之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此把picture改為pictures。his new job meant i had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school(2013浙江卷)【分析】句意為:他的新工作意味著我得向同學(xué)和學(xué)校告別。根據(jù)語境,名詞classmate應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。until i was about six, i destroyed each of

35、 my toy.(2012新課標(biāo)全國卷) 【分析】根據(jù)each of 可知,“我弄壞了我的玩具中的每一個”,因此復(fù)數(shù)形式toys。we, as well as animal, cannot livewithout water(2012綱全國卷)【分析】名詞復(fù)數(shù)可表示泛指,因此應(yīng)把a(bǔ)nimal改為animals。we enjoyed several local dish.(2012陜西卷)【分析】several 之后應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此把dish改為dishes。 mom, i know i have never expressed my thank to you before.(2012四

36、川卷)【分析】名詞thank常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,expressed ones thanks “表達(dá)某人的謝意”。因此應(yīng)把 thank改為thanks。 you told me the name of different plants (2012重慶卷)【分析】根據(jù)后置定語of different plants可知,name應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù)形式 names。there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. (2012遼寧卷)【分析】根據(jù)數(shù)詞six可知,mile應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù)形式miles。(二)該用單數(shù)的名詞使用了復(fù)數(shù)a passenger real

37、ized he couldnt find his ticketyet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.【分析】前句出現(xiàn)了a passenger,下文中的the strangers即指這位乘客,應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。因此把strangers改為stranger。(but after the test, we were called to the teachers office. )the teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. (2013年四川卷)【

38、分析】句根據(jù)上文中的after the test可知,下文中的名詞tests錯誤,應(yīng)把tests改為test。in early january this year, the rate of ufo reports was steady, around three per weeks. (2011遼寧卷)【分析】句中的介詞per表示“每”,后應(yīng)用單數(shù)名詞,因此應(yīng)把weeks改為week。every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country.(2012綱全國卷)【分析】短語make

39、a great effort/great efforts to do sth意為“盡力做某事”因此,應(yīng)把efforts改為effort,也可把去掉冠詞a去掉,使用復(fù)數(shù)形式efforts。 (三)在不可數(shù)名詞后加-s it felt very strange to travel without any luggages.(2011全國新課標(biāo)卷) 【分析】luggage “行李” 通常用作不可數(shù)名詞,因此把luggages改為luggage。(四)名詞的形式錯誤 this made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013新課標(biāo)全國2卷)【分析】句意

40、為“這有利于陶瓷業(yè)的發(fā)展?!痹诠谠~the后應(yīng)用名詞形式,因此應(yīng)把grow改為growth“發(fā)展;增長;生長;種植”。 he has ruined his healthy. (2013遼寧)【分析】句意為:“他損害了自己的健康”。在代詞his之后用名名詞,因此把healthy“健康的”改為health“健康”。 三、形容詞和副詞類錯誤 不少中學(xué)生很難區(qū)別英語中形容詞和副詞的不同用法,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)一些錯誤。形容詞與副詞的錯誤主要包括以下幾種:誤把形容詞當(dāng)副詞用、誤把副詞當(dāng)作形容詞用、形容詞和副詞搭配不當(dāng)、形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級的混淆、由現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞變成的形容詞誤用。(一)誤把形容詞當(dāng)作副詞

41、用 在英語中,形容詞主要在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞的主要作用是修飾動詞、句子,也可以修飾形容詞和副詞。副詞在句中主要作狀語。有些考生缺乏這些基本常識,以至于誤把形容詞當(dāng)副詞用。just then a bird was flying over us. my uncles immediate jumped up. (2014陜西卷)【分析】副詞jumped up前應(yīng)用副詞修飾,因此把immediate改為immediately。 no one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner b

42、efore.(2014浙江卷)【分析】本句中動詞spoken 前應(yīng)用副詞修飾,因此把previous改為previously。interesting, it had connection with the british porcelain industry.(2013新課標(biāo)2卷)【分析】副詞interestingly“有趣地”放在句首,作插入語,因此把interesting改為interestingly。unfortunate, i had an accident and hit another car, and i needed to stay in a hospital for at l

43、east two week.(2012浙江卷)【分析】應(yīng)用副詞unfortunately“遺憾的是”放在句首,作插入語,因此把unfortunate改為unfortunately。(二)誤把副詞當(dāng)作形容詞用 we are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!(2014全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】名詞tomatoes前應(yīng)用形容詞修飾,因此把wonderfully改為wonderful。the teachers here are kind and helpfully. (2014全國大綱卷)【分析】本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),and后應(yīng)用形容詞與kind并列,因此把he

44、lpfully改為helpful。that is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. 2014 遼寧卷【分析】逗號后面的how closely the houses are為賓語從句,為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),因此把closely改為close。and try to remain quiet and calmly.(2014年四川卷)【分析】系動詞remain后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語,因此calmly把改為calm,與并列quiet。waiting for about half an hour, i was beginning to

45、get impatiently. (2013陜西卷)【分析】系動詞get后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語,因此把impatiently改為impatient。we lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath.(2012陜西卷)【分析】名詞double-room前面應(yīng)用形容詞修飾,因此把comfortably為comfortable。although her english is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting. (2011重慶卷)【分析】形容詞hard表示“硬的,堅固的;困難的, 難懂

46、的;辛苦的, 努力的”,而副詞hardly意為“幾乎不”。題干含有“it is+形容詞 to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),因此應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,把hardly改為hard。(三)誤把名詞當(dāng)作形容詞用the fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.(2014全國新課標(biāo))【分析】句中的and 之后應(yīng)用形容詞tasty與juicy并列,作表語。i noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.(2014年浙江卷)【分析】本句意為:我注意到車廂里非常吵鬧,有很多人。應(yīng)把noise改為n

47、oisy,在句中作表語。when the teacher asks us very difficulty questions (2013年大綱卷) 【分析】名詞questions前面應(yīng)用形容詞作定語,因此把difficulty改為difficult。but i know i will never fall sleep. (2013浙江卷)【分析】系動詞fall后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語,因此把sleep改為asleep, fall asleep“入睡”。 today we had a chemistry test. i found the test difficulty. (2013年四川卷) 【分析

48、】第二個分句為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu),“我發(fā)現(xiàn)考試很難”,應(yīng)用形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,因此把difficulty改為difficult。 (四)形容詞使用不當(dāng)we didnt need to do so many homework.(2014全國新課標(biāo)2卷)【分析】不可數(shù)名詞homework前面應(yīng)用much修飾,因此把many改為much。dad lost his job and as mom explained, “he was lucky to find other one.”(2013年浙江卷) 【分析】句意為“他很幸運(yùn)又找到一份工作”。another表示“又一個,在一個”,因此把other改為ano

49、ther。i learned early in life that i had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2012全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】根據(jù)文意:我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑釁。句中的more patient暗示這里把little 改為less,修飾形容詞aggressive。(五)副詞的誤用the plants are growing somewhere.(2014全國新課標(biāo)卷) 【分析】根據(jù)文意,“到處都是這些植物”。因此把副詞somewhere“在某處”改為everywhere“到處”。beside, cleo tends to

50、bark a average of six hours a day. (2014遼寧卷)【分析】應(yīng)把句中的beside改為besides“此外”,表示附加。i remember my grandfather very much. (2013全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】remember sth/sb very well/clearly很清楚地記得某事/某人。因此把 much改為well/clearly。however, he was the gentlest man i have never known. (2013全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】句意為“他是我見過的最溫和的老人”。因此把never改為ever

51、。i understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.(2013年遼寧卷)【分析】句意為:我認(rèn)識到,正如我們非常思念他,他也思念我們。因此把many改為much。用副詞much修飾動詞miss。but i tried hardly to do it. (2013四川卷)【分析】句意為:(雖然試卷很難)但是,我努力地做卷子。句中的副詞hardly“幾乎不”誤用,應(yīng)該為hard。in the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road w

52、as clear.(2012遼寧卷)【分析】短文中敘述的是那天發(fā)生在高速公路上發(fā)生的情況,所以把here改為there。but we have to start anywhere. (2012全國i卷)【分析】本句為肯定句,顯然句中的anywhere誤用,因此把a(bǔ)nywhere改為 somewhere。she wore black sports shoes and a black sweater, althoughin the summer(2010遼寧卷)【分析】although是連詞,不能修飾介詞短語,而副詞可以修飾介詞短語。因此把a(bǔ)lthough改為副詞even。(六)用作形容詞的過去分

53、詞和現(xiàn)在分詞混淆 i am awfully tiring (2013浙江卷)【分析】句意為“我非常疲勞”,因此應(yīng)把tiring改為tired。gradually, i became interesting in biology(2012重慶卷) 【分析】interesting“令人感興趣的,有趣的”;interested“感興趣的”。句子的主語是人,因此應(yīng)用過去分詞interested 表語,把interesting 改為interested。 四、代詞類錯誤代詞的誤用包括人稱代詞的格與數(shù)的錯用、人稱代詞前后不一致、人稱代詞與物主代詞混淆、形容詞物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞誤用、反身代詞與人稱代詞

54、誤用、漏掉代詞等幾種情況。近年來,出現(xiàn)了對關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞考查的新情況,需要引起考生的注意。(一)人稱代詞前后不一致 my uncles jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. neither of the arrows hit the target.(2014全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】根據(jù)前句my uncles jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird可知,叔叔們射出去的箭很多,因此把neither改為none。we appreciate our apologies and goodwill, bu

55、t we hope that you can figure(2014遼寧卷)【分析】根據(jù)下句可知,“我們感謝你們的道歉和好意?!币虼税汛~our改為your。if its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.(2014四川卷)【分析】根據(jù)語境可知,如果沒有火災(zāi)發(fā)生,老師會把你們領(lǐng)會到教室。因此把us改為you。otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other. (2014全國2卷)【分析】前文中提到two

56、 friends,根據(jù)本句的help each other可知,句中的人稱代詞him誤用,應(yīng)改為them。but after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office.(2013四川卷)【分析】前文提到我的同學(xué)在考試中抄我的答案。因此,下文中應(yīng)用代詞both指代“我們兩個”。but when things went wrong, i got angry and broke it. (2012全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】上文中出現(xiàn)了 名詞toys, 上句用them代替,句中的it誤用,因此應(yīng)改為them。many countries

57、in the world find we dont have enough water.(2011全國ii卷)【分析】主句的主語為many countries, 從句的代詞we誤用,應(yīng)把we改為they,指代many countries。for a while parents bought me new toys.(2012全國新課標(biāo)卷)【分析】本文陳述“我”兒時的一段經(jīng)歷。句意為“有一段時間,父母給我買新玩具”。根據(jù)上下文可知,parents前面漏掉了代詞my,應(yīng)填上。 (二)物主代詞誤用或遺漏i would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to beijing. (2012陜西卷)【分析】句意為:我要把這個賓館推薦給來北京旅游的我

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