英語畢業(yè)論文網絡語言特征

1、 輔修專業(yè)學士學位畢業(yè)論文（設計）題目（中文）： 網絡語言的特征 （英文）： a study of the features of cyber language 學 院 年級專業(yè) 學生姓名 學 號 指導教師 完 成 日 期 年 月a study of the features of cyber languagewritten by supervised by a thesis submitted to shanghai normal universityin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor o

2、f artsin english languageforeign languages college, shanghai normal universitydecember 2011contentacknowledgementsiabstractii摘要iiii.introduction11.1 research purpose and significance11.2 definition and characteristics of cyber language11.3 literature review21.3.1 cyber english abroad21.3.2 cyber eng

3、lish research at home2ii.analysis of cyber language32.1 phonological features32.1.1 the use of onomatopoeias32.1.2 the use of original homophones42.1.3 the use of sound repetitions52.2 graphological features52.3 lexical features82.3.1 word-formation82.3.2 semantic change102.4 syntactic features112.4

4、.1 preference of short and simple sentences112.4.2 the frequent use of interrogative sentences12iii.discussions and conclusion133.1 summary of the major findings133.2 implications of the present study133.3 limitations and suggestions for future research14bibliography15ivacknowledgementsmy deepest gr

5、atitude goes first and foremost to professor zhao fei, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. he helped me a lot in choosing the topic of this thesis. he has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this

6、 thesis could not have reached its present form. second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the professors and teachers at the department of english, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past three years. last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving consider

7、ations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.iabstractwith the internet irresistibly s

8、urging into every corner of peoples life, millions of people take the internet as a communication medium and attach great importance to the power of the internet for its convenience and efficiency. a new variety of language-cyber language has gradually taken its shape in cyber space. thus, this thes

9、is aims at testing the impact of modern technology and development of online communication on current communication skills and possible deviations from the standard use of language so that we can make better use of internet resources and improve the study of language. this paper can be divided into

10、three parts. the first part is introduction, including some studies abroad and at home. the second part is about the features of cyber language which is the most important part of this paper. the third part is a conclusion of study and a suggestion for further and in-depth researches. through this p

11、aper, we can see the development of cyber language and some examples. thus we can improve our communication skills with others. key words: cyber language; communication; internet; chatiii摘要隨著互聯(lián)網勢不可擋地進入人們的生活的每一個角落，人們逐漸將互聯(lián)網作為一種新的通信介質重視起來，它給我們的生活帶來了極大的方便和效率。在互聯(lián)網的虛擬空間里，一種新的語言，即網絡語言逐漸形成。因此，本文的目的在于研究現(xiàn)代通訊技

12、術和網絡交際對語言交流的影響和網絡聊天的時候溝通技巧可能出現(xiàn)的偏差。這樣我們能更好地利用網絡資源并為英語學習者提供幫助。文章分為三部分：第一部分是引言，主要介紹了網絡語言的在國內外的研究狀況。第二部分探討了當今網絡語言的幾種特征，并展開進行論述，這一部分是全文的核心。第三部分總結了第二部分的內容，并且為以后更深入的研究提出了意見。通過這篇論文，我們可以看到網絡語言的發(fā)展和一些例子，借此可以提高與他人溝通的技巧。關鍵詞：網絡語言；交流；網絡；聊天i. introduction1.1 research purpose and significancewith the internet irresi

13、stibly surging into every corner of peoples life, millions of people take the internet as a communication medium and attach great importance to the power of the internet for its convenience and efficiency. gaining access to the internet and communicating in the synchronous chat-rooms attract more an

14、d more people both at home and abroad. a new variety of language-cyber language has gradually taken its shape in cyber space. thus, we determined to test the impact of modern technology and development of online communication on current communication skills and possible deviations from the standard

15、use of language so that we can make better use of internet resources and improve the study of language. 1.2 definition and characteristics of cyber language“cyber” is from the greek word for navigator. its a combining form meaning “computer,” “computer network,” or “virtual reality,” used in the for

16、mation of compound words. thus, “cyber language” consists of two parts-“cyber”+”language”. cyber here involves internet, electronic or computer-mediated. cyber language refers to symbols, letters and sentences used on the internet. on the internet there are innumerable new words coming and dying. th

17、e internet provides a space for individuals to freely create new words for only one particular occasion. those new words have their own characteristics.1) convenience and brevitydue to the quickness of internet surfing, most of the time, internet language is used for instant communication, therefore

18、 internet language must be short and brief and convenient for users to communicate with each other. they tend to clip words that are frequently used. although some of the words forms are not generally accepted by many conservative linguists and scholars, they prove to be effective and popular on the

19、 internet. 2) internationality and nationalitycyber language was born after the invention of the internet. its one of the products of internationalization. in cyber space, people from different nationalities demand a common comprehension and communicate with each other with no grammar limit. in this

20、 sense, its international. however, every nation has developed its own cyber language which is the reflections of the national cultures. 3) humorousness and vividnessinternet is often used by some interesting people. most of them are young people. they are lively and creative. they create a relaxing

21、 and humorous atmosphere. so that most of cyber language are humorous and vivid.1.3 literature review 1.3.1 cyber english abroad cyber english is a popular topic in recent years. because the internet is growing stronger, thus, cyber english becomes a pop language. up till now, various theories and c

22、omments on cyber language are still under discussion. on the internet there are a lot of web sites or articles introducing cyber english. they generally concluded that online communication is an intermediate stage between oral and written modalities (meyer 2004: 3;vasic 2010:2). a book concerning cy

23、ber language is language and the internet, written by david crystal who is one of the worlds foremost authorities on language and the editor of cambridge encyclopedia of the english language (crystal, 2001). it is regarded as the revolution of language and a guide to different kinds of internet comm

24、unities. in his book, david crystal probes into the nature of impact which the internet is making on language. after a brief introduction, crystal devotes two chapters to the explanation of cyber language. then he continues with separate chapters on email, chat group, virtual words, and the web. he

25、is also talking about the limitations, in both quantity and quality, of the linguistic work that has been done on internet language.1.3.2 cyber english research at homein china，although the introduction to the field is far behind the western countries，people were fascinated with itcyber language is

26、drawing the attention of more and more scholars and linguistic studentsaccording to my literature collected from libraries and websites，the participants of the study on cyber language in china are generally divided into two types which are collecting and classifying chinese cyber language online and

27、 studying on concepts and formations of cyber language.so we may see from above that the linguistic features in the internet setting are still rarely noticedeven those who ever noticed fail to give a satisfactory explanation to its transmission and adaptation to cyber-space. so in this thesis the em

28、phasis is shifted to the linguistic perspectiveit will provide much-needed investigation of cyber language in english and chinese chat-rooms.ii. analysis of cyber language2.1 phonological featuresthough the human throat can make amazingly numerous noises suggestive of meaning, only some of the sound

29、s are used systematically in a language. throughout the dialogues that occur in the chat-rooms, one can identify a common impulse: there is a tendency to foreground the phonetic qualities of language. it is easily to discern intensified engagement with the language. the language produced by users de

30、mands to be read with the simultaneous involvement of the ears and eyes. such phonological features as onomatopoeias, homophones and repetition of sounds are frequently used by the chatters to make what they write more colloquial-like.2.1.1 the use of onomatopoeiasonomatopoeia means a word that soun

31、ds like the common sound of the object it is describing (xia 2006: 32). these words are designed to convey their meanings through their sounds. it usually imitates sounds made by a person, animal, thing or associated with some action or movement. for example, “moo” for sound made by a cow, “meow” fo

32、r a cats cry; examples of imitation of things like the bang of doors, the rattle of windows and the crackles of fire onomatopoeias are widely employed by the participants in the chat-rooms to make their language more vivid and impressive. the words that express sounds of all kinds of smile and cry a

33、re frequently used such as “哈哈” “呵呵” “嘿嘿” “嘻嘻” “嗚嗚”. besides, the chinese characters, other creative ways are used to imitate sounds: for example, the chinese pinyin “haha”, “hehe” mimic the sound of laughing, “huhuhu” and the comic-book style word “zzzzzz” is the sound of snoring. in addition, in o

34、rder to achieve the auditory effects of writing, participants usually apply advice of the repetition of letters in conjunction with onomatopoeia. such words like buzz, fizz, hiss, ow can be written as buzzzz, fizzzz, hisssss and owowowow, in which it seems extended slightly and the meaning is emphas

35、ized.2.1.2 the use of original homophonesin order to make cyber language more expressive, humorous and efficient in writing, netizens are continually creating new ways of expression, among which homophone is such a kind. homophones refer to one of two or more words, such as night and knight, which a

36、re pronounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and spelling. homophones are rich in chat-rooms cyber language, which can be generally divided into four categories in this study.1.english letters stand for a word: in general, one can observe a tendency in the chat-room cyber language for words

37、 to be stripped down to the fewest possible letters. some common single letter forms are: u=you, r=are, b=be, may be=maybe, c u=see you, oic=oh, i see, or open, i seek you. some substitute words whose pronunciations are approximately to that of the letters such as ur stands for your. at first glance

38、, these may look in significant. but in fact, they are strong clues which reveal the capability among the netizens in manipulating sounds, to express themselves in the most direct and economical way. 2. the homophones of chinese: for example, the administrator of bbs is usually written as“斑竹”; peopl

39、e prefer to call those netizens who are highly skilled with computer as “大蝦” instead of“大俠”. other examples as “主銀”(主人),“童鞋”(同學),“腫么了”(怎么了),“驢友”（旅友），“稀飯”（喜歡）etc. netizens choose those homophones for the sake of convenience and funniness. these words are lively and interesting, easily to be understoo

40、d, thus gradually gaining popularity among netizens.3. the homophones consisting of numbers: tapping a number key is apparently much easier, convenient and less time-consuming than typing out the letters one by one. thus, this kind of homophones is widely used in both english and chinese. for instan

41、ce,520 means 我愛你，1314means 一生一世.there is another kind of situation in which numbers are employed resulting from their connotative association instead of pronunciations. for instance, “007” indicates that there is a secret for you; “1 0.1” suggests a celebration since october 1st is chinas national d

42、ay. the creation of all kinds of these original homophones make it much easier for people to spell them and thus shorten the time of typing and speed up the online communication between chatters. in order to understand their earning of these expressions correctly, people should first know the exact

43、pronunciations of such words, letters and numbers, read the mouth, and then associate them with some other words sharing the similar pronunciations.2.1.3 the use of sound repetitionsrepetition is the act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated. the sound repetitions have occasionall

44、y been exploited in chinese cyber language. people are inclined to use the infant language in order to obtain the effect of being cute, intimate and humorous. here are some examples, “漂漂”means beautiful “漂亮”; “蟲蟲” stands for netizens “網蟲”，“東東” is used to refer to something“東西”;other examples as “笨笨”

45、(foolish),“多多”(many),“壞壞”(tricky) and “怕怕” (fear), etc. the key point for the explanation of the occurrence of these words is that many netizens are young people. they have shown their peculiarities of “the new generation”, such as cuteness, innovation and originality on the aspect of language.2.2 g

46、raphological featuresgraphology is the research of the writing system of an individual language. analyzing the graphological features of a text is one of the essential parts of analyzing the cyber language. graphological analysis concerns such features as spelling, capitalization, hyphenation, itali

47、cization, paragraphing, etc (kamela 2010: 27). different registers make particular use of graphological features. these features can be expressive when a writer deliberately makes a marked or unconventional choice. 2.2.1 spellingwith the samples collected from different internet chat-rooms, there ar

48、e english as well as chinese, misspellings occur in any situation where there is fast typing and a lack of editorial revision. thus, it seems to be a natural feature of the messages in chat-rooms. owing to the mentality of keeping a fast pace of the contributions as to the face-to-face conversation,

49、 the participants are inclined to type their messages as quickly as possible. once the messages are sent out, there is no way for the correction of the spelling, and mostly, the participants do not often change their spelling mistakes for the sake of saving time. for the most part, these mistakes ca

50、use little or no disruption to the communicative process. no one is likely to be misled by such e-lines as the following:龍格對泡泡說：啥時候開始做試驗 實驗紅帆對小板凳說：你湖北那里的呢 哪brady: i wanna speak for one only wanna means want tosarah: its stupid cuz when i missed train cuz means because2.2.2 capitalizationoccurrence o

51、f capitalization is another important feature in cyber language. most of the internets are not case-sensitive, which thus motivates the random use of capitals or no capitals at all. the “save a key stroke” principle is widely found in chat-rooms; here lower-case letters are often used at the beginni

52、ng of the sentences:brady: i wanna go shoppoing.sarah: id like to stay at h.among the two english samples, it indicates that there is a strong tendency to use the lower-case at the beginning of the sentences. the rule of capitalization is not strictly followed in cyber language. proper nouns such as

53、 the name of a country, place and person should be capitalized in any situation; however, it is not the case in internet. pressing keys other than the keys is considered a waste of time in internet. in this case, capital letters are not considered absolutely necessary since netizens still understand

54、 what others are talking about even if they do not use capitalization. thus lower-case characters become the synchronous mainstream.2.2.3 punctuationspunctuations are helpful for readers to sort out sentence structures so as to make it easier to reach an overall understanding of the meaning. the use

55、 of punctuations is one of the characteristics of cyber language in chat-rooms. in internet chat-rooms, the internal sentence punctuations and final punctuations are usually omitted.brady: how should i knowsarah: its stupid cuz everyone knows it is easy to find that more than half of the punctuation

56、s are omitted. this indicates that the omission of the punctuation marks tends to be a prominent graphological feature in cyber language. since most of the messages sent in synchronous chat-rooms are one-sentence long and most of these sentences are simple ones. the meaning they convey is comparativ

57、ely easy and obvious. the function of punctuations is disguising the sentences and clarifying the meaning becomes not so vital. whats more, the omission of punctuations is a way of saving time as well. besides, emotive punctuations such as question marks and exclamation marks are often seen in an ex

58、aggerated form. this deviated use is indeed capable of a certain degree of expressiveness. for example,brady: awesome!小板凳對龍格說:咋啦?it is an exaggerated way of using punctuations to emphasize the senders strong feeling or great surprise as in the cases of the exclamation mark and question mark above.2.2.4 emoticonstandard written language, like any language idiom, has two main functions: communication and symbolic