探討綠色化學(xué)理念在高職院?；瘜W(xué)教育中的運(yùn)用中英文互譯

1、 探討綠色化學(xué)理念在高職院?；瘜W(xué)教育中的運(yùn)用中英文互譯discuss the use of the concept of green chemistry in chemical education in higher vocational colleges is in both chinese and english translation綠色化學(xué)是指化學(xué)反應(yīng)和過(guò)程以“原子經(jīng)濟(jì)性”為基本原則，即在獲取新物質(zhì)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)中充分利用參與反應(yīng)的每個(gè)原料原子，在始端就采用實(shí)現(xiàn)污染預(yù)防的科學(xué)手段。綠色化學(xué)在過(guò)程和終端均為零排放和零污染，是一門從源頭阻止污染的化學(xué)。它不是被動(dòng)地治理環(huán)境污染，而是主動(dòng)地防止化

2、學(xué)污染，從而在根本上切斷污染源，其在節(jié)約能源、防治環(huán)境污染、保障人類安全與健康等方面，發(fā)揮著重要作用?；瘜W(xué)教育由理論教學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)兩部分組成，高職院校應(yīng)在化學(xué)教育的全過(guò)程中實(shí)施綠色化學(xué)教學(xué)，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的綠色化學(xué)的意識(shí)。green chemistry is refers to the chemical reactions and processes in order to atom economy as the basic principles, namely in acquiring new material of chemical reaction, make full use of each

3、 material that will be involved in the reaction atoms in realization of pollution prevention was taken at the beginning of the scientific method. green chemistry in process and end all for zero emissions and zero pollution, is a chemical from the source to prevent pollution. it is not passively cont

4、rol environment pollution, but actively to prevent chemical contamination, thus fundamentally to cut off the pollution sources, the energy conservation, prevention and control of environmental pollution, human security and health, etc., play an important role. chemical education consists of two part

5、s, theory teaching and experimental teaching of higher vocational colleges should implement green chemistry in chemistry education in the whole process of teaching, enhance students awareness of green chemistry. 理論教學(xué)中的綠色化學(xué)教育green chemistry education in the theoretical teaching 在理論上要實(shí)施綠色化學(xué)教學(xué)，首先要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的

6、綠色化學(xué)意識(shí)。這就要求教師必須有強(qiáng)烈的綠色意識(shí)，只有具備了綠色化學(xué)意識(shí)才能產(chǎn)生積極的行為效果，才能對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，從而使綠色化學(xué)的理念滲透到學(xué)生的思想中。因此，高職院?；瘜W(xué)教師對(duì)于綠色化學(xué)的有關(guān)知識(shí)要有充分的了解和掌握，并且要將知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中，在潛移默化中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綠色化學(xué)意識(shí)，讓學(xué)生充分理解并接納綠色化學(xué)知識(shí)。綠色化學(xué)理念提倡的是教學(xué)手段的現(xiàn)代化以及教學(xué)方法多樣性。因此，要將現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)手段運(yùn)用到化學(xué)教學(xué)中，要開(kāi)展多媒體教學(xué)，利用多媒體技術(shù)，將綠色化學(xué)理念通過(guò)圖、文、聲、像和三維動(dòng)畫(huà)等方式展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。to implement green chemistry teaching in the

7、ory, first of all to cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry. this requires the teacher must have a strong sense of green, only have the consciousness of green chemistry to produce positive effect, can undertake to the student guide, so that the concept of green chemistry penetrated into

8、 the minds of students. chemistry teachers in higher vocational colleges, therefore, for the knowledge about green chemistry to have a fully understanding and mastering, and applying knowledge to the experiment teaching, cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry in the osmosis, lets the st

9、udent understand and fully accept green chemistry knowledge. green chemistry concept advocated by diversity is the modernization of teaching means and teaching methods. therefore, to application of modern teaching methods in chemistry teaching, to develop multimedia teaching, using multimedia techno

10、logy, the concept of green chemistry through map, text, sound, image and 3 d animation, etc. 實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中的綠色化學(xué)教育green chemistry education in the experimental teaching 1.采用微量化實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源節(jié)約1. the trace amount experiment was adopted in order to realize resource conservation 微型化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)是近年來(lái)新興的一種化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，是指在微型化的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中，盡可能少

11、的采用試劑來(lái)獲取化學(xué)結(jié)果，這種方法能使得中間生成物的轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程盡可能的減少。微型化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)象明顯、節(jié)約實(shí)驗(yàn)材料、節(jié)省實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間、減少污染、實(shí)驗(yàn)效果好、安全且攜帶方便。一般情況下，微型實(shí)驗(yàn)的試劑量是常規(guī)實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑量的1/101/1000，與綠色化學(xué)的宗旨完全吻合，因此，應(yīng)該大力提倡并且給予實(shí)施。高職院校應(yīng)該在保證實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象明顯、實(shí)驗(yàn)效果好的前提下開(kāi)展微型化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中用常量?jī)x器降低試劑的濃度，以及試劑的用量盡可能的降到最低。如與原來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)相比，乙酰水楊酸實(shí)驗(yàn)微型化、乙酸乙酯合成實(shí)驗(yàn)微型化試劑的用量減少了l/10l/5，也縮短了實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間。微型化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)一方面降低了經(jīng)濟(jì)成本，另一方面還具有環(huán)保價(jià)

12、值。miniature chemistry experiment is emerging in recent years, a method of chemical experiment is to point to in experimental device miniaturization, as less as possible by reagent for chemical as a result, this method can make the transfer of the intermediate product of the process of reducing as mu

13、ch as possible. micro chemical experiment phenomenon is obvious, the advantages of saving experiment material, save time, reduce pollution, experimental effect is good, safe and convenient to carry. generally, the micro experiment try dose is routine test dose of 1/10 1/1000, and the perfect fit for

14、 the purpose of the green chemistry, therefore, should be vigorously advocated and implemented. is clearly higher vocational colleges should ensure experiment, experiment is the premise to carry out the miniature chemical experiment with good effect, reduce the concentration of the reagent used cons

15、tant in experiment instrument, and the dosage of reagent as far as possible to a minimum. as compared with the original experiment, acetylsalicylic acid and miniaturization, ethyl acetate synthesis experimental miniaturization reagent dosage decreased l / 10 l / 5, and shortens the experimental peri

16、od. micro chemical experiment on the one hand, reduces the economic cost, on the other hand also has the environmental protection value. 2.盡量選擇系列化實(shí)驗(yàn)、串聯(lián)實(shí)驗(yàn)或組合實(shí)驗(yàn)2. try to choose a series experiment, series, or combination experiment 選擇系列化實(shí)驗(yàn)、串聯(lián)實(shí)驗(yàn)或組合實(shí)驗(yàn)有利于實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)物或中間產(chǎn)物循環(huán)使用。用前一實(shí)驗(yàn)的產(chǎn)物作為后一實(shí)驗(yàn)的反應(yīng)物，以減少試劑用量和環(huán)境污染。如乙醇系

17、列實(shí)驗(yàn)：工業(yè)酒精-95%的乙醇-乙酸乙酯-乙酸乙酯皂化反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)測(cè)定及乙酸乙酯-乙酰乙酸乙酯-苯甲酰乙酸乙酯；乙酰水楊酸系列。在合成實(shí)驗(yàn)“硅鎢酸催化合成乙酰水楊酸”中，學(xué)生合成的產(chǎn)品粗品可以為基本操作實(shí)驗(yàn)“重結(jié)晶”之用，學(xué)生精制以后的乙酰水楊酸純品又可為基本操作實(shí)驗(yàn)“熔點(diǎn)的測(cè)定”之用，同時(shí)又可為薄層層析實(shí)驗(yàn)所用，如條件允許，還可以作為樣品進(jìn)行紅外吸收光譜測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn)。在“乙二酸綠色合成與表征”實(shí)驗(yàn)中，對(duì)合成的乙二酸粗產(chǎn)品可作為“重結(jié)晶”實(shí)驗(yàn)的原料；重結(jié)晶后的產(chǎn)物既可以作為“熔點(diǎn)測(cè)定”實(shí)驗(yàn)及“酸堿滴定”實(shí)驗(yàn)的試劑，又可以作為“有機(jī)元素分析”實(shí)驗(yàn)的樣品。select series experimen

18、t, series, or combination experiment is beneficial to product or intermediate cycle use. with an experiment before product as reactants after the experiment, in order to reduce reagent consumption and environmental pollution. such as ethanol series experiment: industrial alcohol - 95% ethanol - acet

19、ic acid ethyl ester - determination of acetic ether saponification reaction rate constant and ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate benzoyl acetic acid ethyl ester; acetyl salicylic acid series. in synthetic experiment of silicotungstic acid catalyst in synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid, in the student

20、s synthetic product coarse can recrystallization as the basic operating experiment, students after refining of acetyl salicylic acid is tasted but also as the basic operating experimental determination of the melting point, and also can be used for thin-layer chromatography experiment, if conditions

21、 allow, also can be used as infrared absorption spectrometric experimental samples. in oxalic acid green synthesis and characterization of experiments, the synthetic oxalic acid crude product can be used as the recrystallization experiment of raw material; after recrystallization product of both can

22、 be used as a melting point determination experiment and acid-base titration experimental reagent, and can be used as experimental samples of organic elements analysis. 3.重視“三廢”處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)污染最低化3. attaches great importance to the three wastes treatment, realize the minimization of pollution 綠色化學(xué)的宗旨是從源頭上對(duì)污染

23、進(jìn)行阻止，因此，應(yīng)該用化學(xué)的方法對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的“三廢”進(jìn)行處理，采取回收再利用的舉措。一方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了綠色化學(xué)的理念，另外一方面節(jié)約了實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)支。在進(jìn)行綠色化學(xué)教學(xué)過(guò)程中，應(yīng)該將重視“三廢”處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)污染最低化作為高職院校綠色化學(xué)教學(xué)的一個(gè)重要原則。從學(xué)生剛開(kāi)始接觸實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)，就應(yīng)該將“三廢”不經(jīng)處理直接排放造成的危害滲透到學(xué)生的意識(shí)里，樹(shù)立高職院校學(xué)生綠色化學(xué)的理念，養(yǎng)成良好的實(shí)驗(yàn)習(xí)慣。另外，在實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中，要增加研究實(shí)驗(yàn)后廢棄物無(wú)害化的處理這一環(huán)節(jié)，使得學(xué)生對(duì)于回收實(shí)驗(yàn)廢棄物有足夠的重視，實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物的循環(huán)再利用，從而將污染控制到最低。如常見(jiàn)有機(jī)溶劑的回收利用，廢氣的吸附，校園雨水酸度的測(cè)定及水質(zhì)凈化，含

24、重金屬實(shí)驗(yàn)廢液的分類回收處理等實(shí)驗(yàn)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)貼近實(shí)際生活，在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中能激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和積極性，能加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的綠色化學(xué)的意識(shí)。aim of green chemistry to prevent pollution from the source, therefore, should use the chemical method of three wastes treatment of the laboratory, adopting recycling efforts. on the one hand, on the other hand realized the concept of g

25、reen chemistry experimental expenditure has been saved. on green chemistry teaching process, should pay attention to three wastes treatment, realize a minimum pollution into of green chemistry teaching in higher vocational colleges is an important principle. from students just begin to contact the l

26、aboratory, it should be three wastes discharge without treatment directly effects of penetration to the students consciousness, build up the idea of green chemistry in higher vocational colleges students, and develop good experimental habits. in addition, in the experimental teaching, to increase th

27、e waste harmless handling this link after experiment, makes the students pay enough attention to for the recycling experiment of waste, to achieve the recycling of waste, to control pollution to the minimum. common organic solvents such as recycling, gas adsorption, campus determination of rain acid

28、ity and water quality purification, containing heavy metals recycling waste liquid processing experiments. these experiments close to the real life, in the experimental process can stimulate students interest in learning and motivation, can strengthen students awareness of green chemistry. 4.采用多媒體輔助

29、教學(xué)，實(shí)現(xiàn)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)綠色化4. using multimedia assisted teaching, green chemistry experimental teaching was realized 多媒體技術(shù)在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的運(yùn)用和發(fā)展對(duì)于自然資源的保護(hù)以及降低實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境的污染具有重要作用。多媒體技術(shù)能將設(shè)備比較復(fù)雜、反應(yīng)速度慢以及操作條件苛刻或者是一些常規(guī)實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)法開(kāi)展的實(shí)驗(yàn)用生動(dòng)的多媒體形式展現(xiàn)在學(xué)生的眼前，寓教于樂(lè)，增加學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。另外，對(duì)于有一些藥品消耗量大或易燃易爆、操作不易控制或者是環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重的實(shí)驗(yàn)，在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，可以用多媒體進(jìn)行模擬演示實(shí)驗(yàn)，這樣既完成了教學(xué)任務(wù)，還將綠色化

30、學(xué)的教學(xué)理論滲透到了化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的過(guò)程中。如芳烴和鹵代烴的性質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，改用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬教學(xué)，無(wú)污染，實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象明顯，教學(xué)效果顯著。use and development of multimedia technology in the chemical experiment in the protection of natural resources and reduce the pollution of environment plays an important role. multimedia technology to equipment is complicated, slow reacti

31、on and harsh operating conditions or conventional experiment cannot be carried out in the form of a vivid multimedia show the sight of students in learning, increase the enthusiasm of students learning. also, for some drugs consumption big or flammable and explosive, the operation is not easy to control or experiments, serious environme