高級(jí)英語(yǔ)-Mark-Twain--Mirror-of-AmericaPPT優(yōu)秀課件

1、Detailed Study of the Text 1. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. idyllic: a simple happy period of life, often in the country 田園詩(shī)的、快樂(lè)的、美麗的 an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage

2、 cruise: n. a sea voyage for pleasure 巡航、巡游 v. sail or travel about as for pleasure He was on a world cruise. They spent the summer cruising in the Greek islands. The taxi cruised off down the Changan Avenue. cruise missile 巡航導(dǎo)彈 cruiser: a large fast warship 巡洋艦 2. Eternal，endless: hyperbole； parall

3、elism （structure） summer : because all the adventures of Tom Sawyer described in the book are supposed to have taken place in one particular summer. paraphrase: Mark Twain is famous to most Americans as the creator of Hack Fine and Tom Sawyer. Huck Finns simple and pleasant journey through his boyho

4、od which seems infinite whereas Toms independent mind and his exciting and dangerous activities made the summer seem everlasting. 4. In-deed, this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as : a) adventurous（愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的）（愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的）: Mark Twain was adventurous in

5、every sense of the word. He was always trying new things, and always going to new places. Even in his literary career, he was never satisfied with what he achieved. vb) patriotic（愛(ài)國(guó)的）（愛(ài)國(guó)的）: It refers to Mark Twains profound love for his country with its robust people and beautiful scenery and its lo

6、fty ideals. It may also refer to his pride in the American tradition and the American language. vc) romantic（浪漫的）（浪漫的）: (in art, literature and music) marked by feeling rather by intellect; preferring greatness, passion, informal beauty, to order and proportion. vd) humorous（幽默的）（幽默的）: His works are

7、 so full of humor that he is considered as Americas greatest humorist. vevery bit: altogether, entirely 完全，從頭到尾 vEvery bit asas vMy brother is every bit as lazy as me. vShanghai is every bit as prosperous as Hong Kong. v湯姆的聰明絲毫不亞于班上第一名的同學(xué) vTom was every bit as bright as the top student in his class.

8、 5. I found another Twain as well one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. Structure cynical 憤世嫉俗的憤世嫉俗的 cynic: n. a person who believes that p

9、eople do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage 憤世嫉俗者 a cynical remark, attitude, smile Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy, ie no longer believe that it is an honest system. 6. obsess: to worry continuously and unnecessarily，attract 困擾、迷住、纏繞 She i

10、s obsessed by the desire to become a great actress. 對(duì)貧困的擔(dān)心使她憂心忡忡。 He was obsessed with fear of poverty. 7. frailty: a weakness of character or behaviour 弱點(diǎn) One of the frailties of human nature is laziness. That chair looks too frail to take a mans weight. There is only a frail chance that he will pa

11、ss the examination. 8. Black wall of night: metaphor n+of+n: 像 像黑墻一樣的夜晚 9. tramp: a person who has no home or permanent job and very little money 流浪者 10. prospector: one who explores and searches for valuable ores such as gold, silver, oil, etc. 勘探者 11. starry-eyed: full of unreasonable or silly hop

12、es 過(guò)分樂(lè)觀的 We were all starry-eyed about visiting London. 12. acid-tongued: sharp, sarcastic in speech 尖刻的 13. digest: think about, understand , and remember 消化、吸收 體驗(yàn) The report contains too much to digest at one reading. He reads rapidly but does not digest very much. 14. the new American experience:

13、 Twain lived in the stirring（動(dòng)蕩的）years in American history - the American-Mexican War, The Civil War, the Gold Rush, the western expansion, the American Spanish War, the rapid development of capitalism and later the emergence of imperialism along with the first economic depressions, etc. 15. adopt:

14、to take and use as ones own 采取、收養(yǎng) The US government decided to adopt a hard line towards terrorism. Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan / dog. adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress adept: skilled; (in sth); (at/in doing sth) 擅長(zhǎng)于 Hes an adept in carpentry. （木工手

15、藝） adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc.適應(yīng)、改編 This novel has been adapted for TV from the Russian original. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 16. Signal n. they must be fresh. 2.The Old World: the Eastern Hemisphere, often used to refer specifically to Europe. The New World: The

16、 Western Hemisphere, first used by the Italian historian Peter Martyr (1457-1526), who chronicled the discovery of America. sizable vof considerable size; fairly large va sizable man v大個(gè)子大個(gè)子 va sizable battle v一場(chǎng)大仗一場(chǎng)大仗 va sizable enterprise v大型企業(yè)大型企業(yè) milestone va s t o n e m a r k e r s e t u p o n

17、a r o a d s i d e t o i n d i c a t e t h e d i s t a n c e i n m i l e s f r o m a g i v e n p o i n t. va n i m p o r t a n t e v e n t, i n a p e r s o n s c a r e e r, t h e h i s t o r y o f a n a t i o n, o r t h e a d v a n c e m e n t o f k n o w l e d g e i n a f i e l d vE. g. vT h e i n v

18、 e n t i o n o f t h e c o m p u t e r w a s a m i l e s t o n e i n h u m a n h i s t o r y. vT h e i n v e n t i o n o f t h e w h e e l w a s a m i l e s t o n e i n t h e h i s t o r y o f t h e w o r l d. va s s i g n: 分 配、 指 派 vt r a v e l o g u e: 旅 行 見(jiàn) 聞 講 演 a t u r n i n g p o i n t v兩年之后，他

19、得到了一個(gè)以美國(guó)人特有的眼光去觀察歐洲舊大陸的 機(jī)會(huì)。在紐約市，“費(fèi)城號(hào)”蒸汽船準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行一次到歐洲和圣地的觀光 航行。這是美國(guó)人第一次組織較大規(guī)模的團(tuán)體觀光旅行也可以看作 是一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)展史上的某種里程碑。馬克吐溫作為加利福尼亞一家報(bào)紙 的記者被委派隨同觀光團(tuán)采訪。如果讀者們期望能讀到有關(guān)這次旅行見(jiàn) 聞的神采飛揚(yáng)的描寫的話，那他們是要倍感意外的。 P13 v“onecould set a trapand took unholy verbal shots at the Holy land.” 1.debunk: expose, uncover Revere : respect holy: 圣潔的、

20、神圣的 2. figure of speech: one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night. hyperbole, exaggeration holy-unholy antithesis vMan proposes, God disposes. vThe old think before they do while the young think after they do. P15 v1.Not until 1874 did the story begin developing in earnes

21、t. vInversion clause. vIn earnest: 認(rèn)真地，誠(chéng)摯地 v2. classic: having the highest quality; of the first or highest class or rank （adj.經(jīng)典的、名著的）(n. 經(jīng)典、名著) v Chinese Classic vToms mischievous daring, ingenuity, and sweet innocence of affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American sc

22、hools today as is the declaration of independence. v1. mischievous: playful 淘氣的 v2. daring：boldness 膽量、勇氣 v3. ingenuity：cleverness 精巧、獨(dú)創(chuàng)性 v4. as the declaration of independence is sure to be studied. v早在1870年，馬克吐溫就試著寫了一篇關(guān)于一個(gè)他名之為比利羅杰斯 的男孩子的童年歷險(xiǎn)故事。兩年后，他又將主人公的名字改為湯姆，并 著手將故事改編成劇本。直到1874年他才開(kāi)始認(rèn)真地?cái)U(kuò)展故事情節(jié)。 湯

23、姆索亞于1876年出版后，很快成為美國(guó)兒童故事的經(jīng)典之作。這 部描寫湯姆的頑皮、勇敢、機(jī)智以及他對(duì)貝琪莎切爾的天真純潔的感情 的故事幾乎像獨(dú)立宣言一樣成了今天美國(guó)學(xué)校里的必讀書本。 P16 Fleeing from（逃離）（逃離） a respectable life: Towards the end of the book, Huck was adopted by the kind- hearted widow Douglas who was determined to have him and turn him into a “respectable” boy. But Huck coul

24、d not stand it. Eventually he ran away to seek his freedom. 1.puritanical: extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion.(清教徒的、極端拘謹(jǐn)?shù)? 2.protest to: 抗議 v馬克吐溫本人的獨(dú)立宣言卻是由另一個(gè)人物表達(dá)出來(lái)的。在湯姆 索亞第六章里，他引出了“村里的流浪少年，鎮(zhèn)上酒鬼的兒子哈克貝利 費(fèi)恩”。哈克不愿在清教徒道格拉斯寡婦家過(guò)上等人的體面生活，從那 里逃出來(lái)后對(duì)他的朋友湯姆索亞發(fā)牢騷說(shuō)：“我試過(guò)了，還是不行；不 行啊，

25、湯姆。那不是我過(guò)的日子那寡婦家吃飯要聽(tīng)鐘聲，睡覺(jué)要聽(tīng) 鐘聲，起床也要聽(tīng)鐘聲，什么事情都得規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，簡(jiǎn)直叫人受不了?！?P.17 vSweep the nation : v席卷全國(guó)席卷全國(guó) vPanorama v全景、全景圖全景、全景圖 53. Huck was given a life of his own, in a book : Huckleberry Finn was published in 1884. This book is Mark Twains finest creation, a symbol of simple honesty and conscience. Huck fi

26、rst appeared in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Compared with Tom, Huck lacks Toms imagination. He is a simple boy with little education. The son of the town drunkard, a homeless river rat, cheerful in his rags, suspicious of every attempt to civilize him, Huck has none of the unimportant virtues but

27、all the essential ones. The school of hard knocks(痛苦經(jīng)歷) has taught him skepticism, horse scene has given him an unyielding or firm grasp on reality. But it has not toughed him into cynicism or crime. Nature gave him a staunch（堅(jiān)定的） and faithful heart, friendly to all underdogs and instantly hostile t

28、owards bullies and all shapes of overmastering power. He is obviously a universal character, the free soul that every boy would wish to be before the world breaks him. The book is a loosely-strung series of adventures, and can be viewed as the story of a quest for freedom and an escape from what soc

29、iety requires in exchange for success. Joined in flight by a Negro companion, Jim, who seeks freedom from slavery, Huck discovers that the Mississippi River is peaceful, but the world along its shores is marred by deceit and cruelty and murder. A joy forever, this book is generally acknowledged to b

30、e among the best of American and world literature. Hemingway once said, “All American literature begins with one book: Huckleberry Finn”. v 湯 姆 索 亞 風(fēng) 靡 美 國(guó) 九 年 之 后 ， 哈 克 被 賦 予 獨(dú) 立 的 生 命 ， 成 為 一 本 被 許 多 人 認(rèn) 為 是 最 成 功 的 描 寫 美 國(guó) 人 的 作 品 的 書 中 的 主 人 公 。 他 同 一 個(gè) 逃 跑 出 來(lái) 的 奴 隸 一 起 乘 坐 木 筏 沿 著 密 西 西 比 河 順

31、流 而 下 的 漂 流 航 程 展 現(xiàn) 了 一 幅 幅 揭 示 美 國(guó) 社 會(huì) 生 活 全 貌 的 生 動(dòng) 畫 面 。 sth finds expression in vThe humanity spirit finds complete expression in his new novel. v人文精神在他的新出版的小說(shuō)中得到完全的體現(xiàn)。 vThe dauntless revolution spirit found full/ultimate expression in the new play. v大無(wú)畏的革命精神在新上演劇中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。 54. energy-sapping sa

32、p: gradually weaken sb/sth by taking away I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. Shes been sapped of her optimism. Stop sapping her confidence! 55. clamour: a continuous strong demand or complaint 吵鬧、大聲的要 求 The public are clamouring for a change of government. The baby clamoured to be fed. v通

33、過(guò)對(duì)密西西比河，尤其是對(duì)哈克費(fèi)恩這一人物的描寫，馬克吐溫將 自己想從那束縛著自己并常常令自己苦惱的生活步調(diào)中擺脫出來(lái)，從生 活中的各種清規(guī)戒律以及為了事業(yè)成功而進(jìn)行的艱苦掙扎中解放出來(lái)的 愿望表達(dá)得淋漓盡致。 56. lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges: To relax, rest, or stay away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and keep our edges sharp. Mark Twain thinks the

34、 Americans should keep their daring and enterprising spirit. But we are working too hard on money. We should halt to renew our energy, so that we can think more, use our brain. There is something missing in our life, e.g. individual freedom. v馬克吐溫認(rèn)為，美國(guó)人的理想中缺少了一種成分。他說(shuō)：“我們只消偶 爾地躺下來(lái)好好放松休息一下，保持鋒棱利角，我們將有

35、可能成為一個(gè) 多么朝氣蓬勃的民族，一個(gè)多么富有思想的民族啊!” 57. haunt: to visit, appearing in a strange form The old house is said to be haunted by a headless ghost. A spirit haunts the castle. The sad memory still haunts her. (She was haunted by sad memories.) Poverty and poor health haunted the famous musician. 58. meningiti

36、s : -itis : diseases involving inflamation bronchitis (支氣管炎), tonsillitis (扁桃體炎), appendicitis (闌尾 炎), hepatitis (肝炎), arthritis (關(guān)節(jié)炎). v馬克吐溫的一生都籠罩在悲劇的陰影之中，自己的親人一個(gè)接一個(gè)地去 世：他的父親在他十二歲那年死于肺炎，他的兄弟亨利在一次汽船爆炸 事故中遇難；他的兒子朗頓才滿十九個(gè)月即離開(kāi)人世。他的大女兒蘇茜 死于脊膜炎；克萊門斯夫人在佛羅倫薩死于心臟??；而他的小女兒也因 癲癇病的發(fā)作淹死在樓上的浴盆里。 59. The Mysterious

37、 Stranger : Published posthumously in 1916, this book is the greatest story of Mark Twains later period, too often neglected in the appraisal of his work. The story is that of some boys who are really Tom Sawyers gang in medieval dress, in a small village in Austria, who strike up an acquaintance wi

38、th a supernatural visitor who calls himself Satan and is able to work miracles and jiggle (move from side to side with short quick light movement) with human lives. At last he grows bored with his own game. He then said to the boys: “It is true, that which I have revealed to you, there is no God, no

39、 universe, no human race, no earthly life, no heaven, no hell. It is all a dream - a grotesque and foolish dream. Nothing exists but you. And you are but a thought - a vagrant thought, a useless thought, a homeless thought, wandering forlorn (unhappy) among the empty eternities!” vHere in the closin

40、g pages of the story, Mark Twain tries to solve his riddle of grief and self-reproach, and clothe his soul in the invulnerable armour of desperation. Good or evil, like reality itself, are to him only illusion. v這位曾令全世界歡笑的人自己卻飽嘗了人世的辛酸。他早期作品中的道 德說(shuō)教厚厚地包著一層幽默的外衣，現(xiàn)在幽默換成了辛辣的諷刺。對(duì)于 美國(guó)軍隊(duì)在一個(gè)火山口上屠殺六百名菲律賓摩洛人的行

41、為，他沒(méi)有直接 進(jìn)行抨擊，而是假裝為之高唱贊歌。在神秘的陌生人中，他指出人 類應(yīng)該拋棄宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更加美好 的世界。 60. final release from earthly struggles: euphemism earthly: worldly -ly : an adjective-forming suffix, meaning like, suitable to, characteristic of e.g. manly, fatherly, brotherly, heavenly v他自己的最后一個(gè)幻想到后來(lái)似乎也破滅了。在晚年口述自傳的時(shí)候 ，他

42、以極端絕望的心情談到人從塵世的苦難中的最終解脫：“他們從 世界上消失了，在這個(gè)世界上他們無(wú)足輕重，無(wú)所成就；甚至他們的存 在本身就是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，是個(gè)失敗，是種愚蠢。這個(gè)世界上也沒(méi)有留下絲毫 能表明他們存在過(guò)的痕跡。這個(gè)世界贈(zèng)給他們的只是一日的哀傷和永久 的遺忘?！?This excerpt is a brief yet impressive introduction of Mark twain, one of the greatest writers in America. His adventurous, patriotic, romantic and humorous characterist

43、ics are known by most people. Before becoming a writer, he had done various kinds of jobs which greatly enriched his writings. His experience on the Mississippi River left such a profound and permanent influence on him that his beat when he wrote about this river. He came to fame with a short novel

44、about the Calaveras jumping frog, and then reached the peak of his career by Tom Sawyer and Huk Finn. However, the bitterness of his life, especially the successive deaths of his family members, is seldom made known to the public. And it is this dark side of his life that makes his later works fille

45、d with a satiric tone. Ironically, the man who makes the world laugh is made bitter by his all misfortunes. Thus his bitter life experience seems to be in contradiction with his own humorous works. And by presenting both sides of his life, the author presents to his readers a fuller picture of Mark

46、Twain that will help them understand his works much better. V. Structural Analysis Part 1: Introduction Part 2: His early life, his success and comments on his works. Section1: the setting, background knowledge Section 2: early years of life on the Mississippi and as a Confederate guerrilla Section

47、3: On his way to success Section 4: Comments on his best works. Part 3: Personal tragedy and conclusion. III. Comments on usage and style 1. The text is on the life of Mark Twain and Twains place in American literature. The language is formal, the writing style is easy, vivid and humorous. 2. Rhetor

48、ical devices employed or used in the text 1. Metaphor: vMark Twain - Mirror of America vsaw clearly ahead a black wall of night. vmain artery of transportation in the young nations heart vthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States vAll would resurface in his books.that he soa

49、ked up. vWhen railroads began drying up the demand. v.the epidemic of gold and silver fever. 2. Simile: v.a memory that seemed phonographic 3. Hyperbole: v.cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom. vThe cast of characters. - a cosmos. 4. Parallelism: vMost Americans remember . t

50、he father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. 5. Personification: vlife dealt him profound personal tragedies. vthe river had acquainted him with . v.to literatures enduring gratitude. v.an entry that will determine his course

51、 forever. vthe grave world smiles as usual. vBitterness fed on the man. vAmerica laughed with him. vPersonal tragedy haunted his entire life. wealth described as a lady 6. Antithesis: v.between what people claim to be and what they really are. v.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land. v.a world w

52、hich will lament them a day and forget them forever 7. Euphemism: v.mens final release from earthly struggle diligently avoiding contact with the enemy 8. Alliteration: v.the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home v.with a dash and daring. v.a recklessness of cost or consequences. 9. M

53、etonymy: .his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe pen associated with writing talent, pickax associated with mining, These tablets make me feel rather-. a. ill b. comfortable c. sluggish d. tedious Football hooliganism is now reaching - proportion. a. hot b. popular c. epidemic d. considerate

54、That child -new facts like a sponge! a. takes up b. soaks with c. soaks up d. takes over That sounds like my sister -. a. all over b. over all c. over d. to over Her kindness to him was met with a cruel -. a. refusal b. rebuff c. silent d. astonishment C C B A B vocabulary IV. Pick out the compound nouns and compound adjectives from the text and explain their formation. Compound nouns: 1) n. + n. steamboat,