高二英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)選修6 Unit 1 Art 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形從句的謂語(yǔ)形式式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去未來(lái)未來(lái)過(guò)去式過(guò)去式 (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.過(guò)去式過(guò)去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，

2、我們就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他來(lái)這，他就能夠幫助你了。如果他來(lái)這，他就能夠幫助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是當(dāng)初她被邀請(qǐng)的話，她就會(huì)去參要是當(dāng)初她被邀請(qǐng)的話，她就會(huì)去參加這次聚會(huì)了。加這次聚會(huì)了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會(huì)睡過(guò)頭了。會(huì)睡過(guò)頭了。 If she hadnt

3、called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語(yǔ)。明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語(yǔ)。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。要是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。If it should fail, I would try again.1.如果你早來(lái)5分鐘，你就趕上這趟車了。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如果我現(xiàn)在

4、不忙，我就來(lái)幫你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了，我們?cè)趺崔k？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshould were to snowWould have caughtIf I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had dri

5、ven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二二. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句從句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)去時(shí)（were）過(guò)去過(guò)去: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)未來(lái)未來(lái): would/could/might +V.(原原) should我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。I wish I had met

6、him yesterday.我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過(guò)去過(guò)去:未來(lái)未來(lái): I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)3. as if /though + 從句從句 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去過(guò)去：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) She loves the baby as if it were

7、 her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起來(lái)似乎是冰做的她看起來(lái)似乎是冰做的she looked as if she were made of ice.4. Its (about/high) time +that過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)(were)

8、Should(不省不省) +V.你該走了。你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們?cè)撊ノ覀冊(cè)撊ニX(jué)了。睡覺(jué)了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。使用使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 或者將或者將should省略。省略。常見動(dòng)詞常見動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持, 兩個(gè)命令兩

9、個(gè)命令, 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議, 四個(gè)要求。即四個(gè)要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明

10、”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí),賓賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以

11、上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句包括主語(yǔ)從句, 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為(should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句，從句，從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形我們掌握一門外

12、語(yǔ)是非常重要的。我們掌握一門外語(yǔ)是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。很奇怪她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中中, “要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How

13、I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看過(guò)那部電影就好了！要是我看過(guò)那部電影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8.在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。氣中。 If it were not for the rain , the crops would die.要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)If it had not been for y

14、our help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help, 9. 混合型的條件句混合型的條件句當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一 致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。整。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不相互主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較。較多見的混合型條件句是多見的混合型條件句是從句用過(guò)去完

15、從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（指過(guò)去行為），而主句用一般成時(shí)（指過(guò)去行為），而主句用一般時(shí)（指目前狀態(tài)）。時(shí)（指目前狀態(tài)）。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過(guò)考試。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過(guò)考試。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我對(duì)他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎假如昨天我對(duì)他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。么辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)打破那杯子。假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)打破那杯子。 If I were y

16、ou , I would not have broken the glass. 10.連詞if的省略如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)部分有were，had和should時(shí)，可省略if，把were，had和should放到從句主語(yǔ)前面去，多見于書面語(yǔ)。要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就失敗了。Had you not helped me， I should have failed. 假如你處在我的地位，你也會(huì)這樣干的。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe

17、 them out completely. 1._he come, the problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for the sun. 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A h

18、ad he been here . B here he had been . C been here he had . D had he been here .4._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be .錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致。主生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)

19、動(dòng)詞不一致。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的時(shí)間而定。句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的時(shí)間而定。* 近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型：近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型： If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been如果你采

20、納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生，四年后就會(huì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞, 可以把可以把 i

21、f 省略，并將這省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。三個(gè)詞提至句首。If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。I lost your address, otherwise Iyou long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should