初中被動語態(tài)及習題

1、學習必備歡迎下載被動語態(tài)（The passive Voice）一、被動語態(tài)（Te Passive Voice）:語態(tài)是英語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系，即主動 語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)是動作的執(zhí)行者做主語，被動語態(tài)是動作的承受者做主語。只有及物動詞才有被 動語態(tài)。例如：The boys like football.男孩兒喜歡足球。（主動語態(tài)）Football is liked by the boys.足球被男孩兒喜歡。（被動語態(tài)）二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是be+及物動詞的過去分詞（P.P）,其中動詞be是助動詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與其作連系動詞時完全一樣

2、。被動語態(tài)的否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not,一般疑問句是把第一個助動詞提前放到句首。主要時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句總 結(jié)如下：* 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+P.POur classroom is cleaned every day.Our classroom is not cleaned every day.Is our classroom cleaned every day?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.* 一般過去時：was/were+P.POur classroom was cleaned yesterday.Our classroom wasn

3、t cleaned yesterday.Was our classroom cleaned yesterday?Yes,it was.No,it wasnt.* 一般將來時：will+be+P.POur classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.Our classroom wont be cleaned tomorrow.Will our classroom be cleaned tomorrow? Yes,it will. No,it wont.* 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+P.POur classroom has been cleaned.Our

4、classroom hasnt been cleaned.Has our classroom been cleaned?Yes,it has.No,it hasnt.* 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+P.POur classroom is being cleaned now.Our classroom isnt being cleaned now.Is our classroom being cleaned now?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.* 情態(tài)動詞：can/must/may/should+be+P.POur classroom must be cleaned

5、 well.Our classroom mustnt be cleaned well.Must our classroom be cleaned well?Yes,it must.No,it needent.（must提問，否定回答用 neent.）三、被動語態(tài)的用法1 .不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如： Knives are used for cutting things.2 .沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。This desk is made of wood.3 .強調(diào)動作的承受者。English is spoken by many people.四、主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)的方法：1 .把主動語態(tài)的

6、 賓語變成被動語態(tài)的 主語。2 .把主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。3 .把主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。（在含義明確時，by短語可以省略。）例如：Students should speak English in and out of class.（主語）（賓語）English should be spoken in and out of class by students.（主語）（介詞賓語）五、需要注意的幾個問題。（一）用不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補足語的句子，變被動語態(tài)時，不定式符號“ to”不能省略。例如： I.The boss made the workers work 14 h

7、ours a day.The workers were made to work 14 hours a day.2.He saw the teacher go into the office just now.The teacher was seen to go_into the office just now.（二）相當于及物動詞的短語動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。例如： 1.The babies must be taken good care of. _2.The books mustnt be taken away from the reading.（三）含有雙賓

8、語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的句子，變被動語態(tài)時，將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不 動。（一般是將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。）例如：My mother gave me a present for my birthday.I was given a present for my birthday by my mother.A present was given to me for my birthday by my mother.六.六、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義(1) （1）.英語中有很多動詞如break , catch , clean , drive , lock , open, sel

9、l , read , write , wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock .(指門本身有毛病)The door wont be locked .(指不會有人來鎖門,指一門沒有鎖II是人的原因)(2) 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come abo

10、ut, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？(3) 系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例 Your reason sounds reasonable2、在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。(1) 在need, want, require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定

11、式的被動形式。例 The house needs repairing (to be repaired ). 這房子需要修理。(2)形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading. (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)(3)動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things

12、 to do this afternoon . (to do 與 things 是動賓關(guān)系，與 I 是主謂關(guān)系。) 試比較：I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)(4)在某些一形容詞+不定式II做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯 賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有 nice , easy , fit , hard , difficult , important , impossible ,

13、 pleasant , interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作 to work out 省略了 for me)3、不能用于或沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞：(1)不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)例如： Eg. The price has been risen. The price has risen.價格上升了。The boy was slept well. The boy slept well.男孩睡得很熟。The accident was happened last week. The accident happene

14、d last week.事故是上星期發(fā)生的。常見的不及物動詞：appear 出現(xiàn)，die 死亡，disappear 消失，end(vi.) 結(jié)束，fail 失敗，happen 發(fā)生，last 持續(xù),remain 仍然是，sit 坐，break out 爆發(fā)，come true 實現(xiàn)，fall asleep 睡著，take place 發(fā)生，lie 躺/ 說謊(2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞和及物動詞短語fit 適合,have 有/舉行, marry 結(jié)婚， wish 希望，agree with 和,，致，arrive at/in 至U達， shake hands with 握手，succeed

15、 in 成功，take part in 參加，belong to 屬于 Eg. The bike is belonged to me. Theget 變成，grow stay保持，bike belongs to me. The sports meet will be had tomorrow. The sports meet will be held tomorrow.(3)系動詞無被動語態(tài)appear出現(xiàn)，be是，become變成/成為，fall變成，feel感覺,變成，keep保持，look看上去，remain仍然是，seem似乎，smell聞上去，sound聽上去,六、被動語態(tài)常見句型1

16、 .be made of 由構(gòu)成(發(fā)生物理變化)This desk is made of wood.be made from 由構(gòu)成 (發(fā)生化學變化 )This kind of paper is made from wood.be made in 在生產(chǎn)或制造 The TV set is made in Japan.be made by 被制造 These machines are made by the workers.2 .be used for 被用于一 The key is used for locking the door.be used to do 被用于做某事Man-made s

17、atellites are used to send and reveive massages.be used as 被作為來使用English is used as a foreign language in many countries.3 .be covered with 被 覆蓋 The ground was covered with snow after it snowed.4 .be filled with 被裝滿 The bottle was filled with water.( .It is said that 據(jù)說It is said that the population

18、 of the world was very small long long ago.被動語態(tài)專題訓練題選擇填空( )1.The hole must be for the tree.A.enought largeB.large enoughC.too largeD.very large( )2.Today,too many trees are still in the world.A.cutting downB.cut downC.being cut down D.cutted downB.speaks,is spokenD.is spoken,is spokenC.grewD.are gro

19、wnC.be lookedD.looked( )3.English in many countries,but Chinese their own languages.A.is spoken,speaksC.is spoken,speaken( )4.This kind of apple in Jinzhou.A.is grownB.grow( )5.These young trees must after well.A.lookB.looks after( )6.My coat is made cool and silk.A.toB.forC.fromD.of( )7.Our teacher

20、 was seen to the office a moment ago.A.goB.to goC.goingD.goes()8.The Oxford Castle by Henry H(1154 -1189).It is in very good condition now.A.builtB.was built( )9.Ice can be water.A.turn intoB.turn to( )10.Keys are used for doors.A.lockB.lockedC.has been builtC.turned intoC.lockingD.is builtD.turned

21、toD.locks()11.When the PRC?On October ist.A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.is,foundD.were,founded( )12.Sorry,all the vegetables.Please come tomorrow.A.sells well B.have sold out C.have been sold outD.are selling( )13.The man is badly hurt.He to the hospital.A.has sentB.has been sent C.sent D.has sent for(

22、)14.A big cinema in our town next year.A.will put upB.is putting upC.will be put up D.has put up( )15.This book by a famouse writer many years ago.A.writesB.is writtenC.was writenD.was written( )16.She asked me if the story was a real person.A.based onB.base onC.bases inD.based by( )17.Wheat may be

23、grown after the corn and sweet potatoes.A.harvestB.harvested C.is harvestD.are harvested( )18.The greenhouse should be glass.A.made ofB.made fromC.made intoD.made in( )19.The strange thing was used wine by ancient people.A.for drinkB.to drinkC.drinkingD.drinked( )20.In China the money to children fo

24、r good luck by their parents or other seniorin Spring FestivalA.givesB.is givenC.are givenD.give翻譯句子1 .學生們的作文還沒有交上來。2 .這種冰箱是日本生產(chǎn)的。3 .水稻產(chǎn)在南方。4 .課內(nèi)課外都應該說英語。5 .玉米和田薯收獲之后就可以種小麥了。6 .博物館里展出的文物不能碰。7 .各地都在建溫室用于冬天種菜。8 .這種特別的恐龍是在遼寧省發(fā)現(xiàn)的。9 .中國共產(chǎn)黨是什么時候建立的？10 .這個號碼的鞋已經(jīng)賣完了。課后作業(yè)中考被動語態(tài)練習精選40題（附答案）1 .a new library in

25、 our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2 .An accident on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3 .Cotton in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grownC .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visi

26、ted B. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited5 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6 .A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done7 .The docto

27、r for yet.A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sentC. wont be sent D. wasnt sent8 .-When this kind of computer?-Last year.A. did; use B. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used9 .Who this book?A. did; written B. was; written byC. did; written D .was; written10 .Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was

28、 asked toC. is asked D .asks to11 .A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12 .The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people well.A. looks after B .must be looked afterC. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher

29、 carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served16. It was reported that the murderer arrested.A. has been B. had beenC. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge

30、in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completedC. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes in China since the People s Republic of Chinain 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19. Why does Lin

31、g Ling look so unhappy? She has by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed atC. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needingC. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will.A. be taken care B. be taken care ofC. take care D. take care of22. No per

32、mission has for anybody to enter thebuilding.A. been given B. given .C. to give D. be given23. I ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was givenC. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented fromC. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being builtC. been built D. be building26. This bike last year.A. bought B. has been boughtC. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyedC. would destroy D. was de