關(guān)于巖土工程的專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、巖土工程英語詞匯一. 綜合類 1.geotechnical engineering巖土工程 2.foundation engineering基礎(chǔ)工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力學(xué) cyclic loading周期荷載 unloading卸載 reloading再加載 viscoelastic foundation粘彈性地基 viscous damping粘滯阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土動力學(xué) 6.stress path應(yīng)力路徑 7.numerical geotechanics 數(shù)值巖土力學(xué) 二. 土的分類 1

2、.residual soil殘積土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土礦物 4.secondary minerals次生礦物 5.landslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section鉆孔柱狀圖 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地質(zhì)勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand礫砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sa

3、nd中砂 14.fine sand細(xì)砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉質(zhì)粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂質(zhì)粉土 21.clayey silt粘質(zhì)粉土 22.saturated soil飽和土 23.unsaturated soil非飽和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固結(jié)土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固結(jié)土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固結(jié)土 28.zonal soil區(qū)域

4、性土 29.soft clay軟粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨脹土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黃土 33.frozen soil凍土 三. 土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì) 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolida

5、ted and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under

6、 rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard

7、penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mea

8、n value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界

9、限 24.degree of saturation飽和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight濕重度 27.saturated unit weight飽和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度 pactness密實度 31.maximum dry density最大干密度 32.optimum water content最優(yōu)含水量 33.three phase diagram三相圖 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒組 36.sieve analysis篩

10、分 37.hydrometer analysis比重計分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均勻系數(shù) 39.coefficient of gradation級配系數(shù) 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)細(xì)粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system土的統(tǒng)一分類系統(tǒng) 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美國土木工程師學(xué)會 44.AASHTO= American

11、Association State Highway Officials美國州公路官員協(xié)會 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 國際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會 四. 滲透性和滲流 1.Darcys law 達西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流網(wǎng) 6.seepage滲透（流） 7.leakage滲流 8.seepage pressure滲透壓力 9.permeability滲透性 10.seepa

12、ge force滲透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability滲透系數(shù) 五. 地基應(yīng)力和變形 1.soft soil軟土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效應(yīng)力 4.total stress總應(yīng)力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity靈敏度 8.triaxial test三軸試驗 9.foundation design基

13、礎(chǔ)設(shè)計 10.recompaction再壓縮 11.bearing capacity承載力 12.soil mass土體 13.contact stress (pressure)接觸應(yīng)力（壓力） 14.concentrated load集中荷載 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半無限彈性體 16.homogeneous均質(zhì) 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing條基 19.square spread footing方形獨立基礎(chǔ) 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下臥層（土） 21.dead loa

14、d =sustained load恒載 持續(xù)荷載 22.live load活載 23.short term transient load短期瞬時荷載 24.long-term transient load長期荷載 25.reduced load折算荷載 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation變形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒組 31.physical properties物理性質(zhì) 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil級配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil級配不

15、良土 35.normal stresses正應(yīng)力 36.shear stresses剪應(yīng)力 37.principal plane主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最?。┲鲬?yīng)力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩爾-庫侖破壞條件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method極限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水壓力 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固結(jié)壓力 4

16、4.modulus of compressibility壓縮模量 45.coefficent of compressibility壓縮系數(shù) pression index壓縮指數(shù) 47.swelling index回彈指數(shù) 48.geostatic stress自重應(yīng)力 49.additional stress附加應(yīng)力 50.total stress總應(yīng)力 51.final settlement最終沉降 52.slip line滑動線 六. 基坑開挖與降水 1 excavation開挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn) 4 br

17、acing of foundation pit基坑圍護 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall擋土墻 7 pore-pressure distribution孔壓分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井點系統(tǒng)（輕型） 10 deep well point深井點 11 vacuum well point真空井點 12 braced cuts支撐圍護 13 braced excavation支撐開挖 14 braced sheeting支撐擋板 七. 深基礎(chǔ)-deep fou

18、ndation 1.pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ) 1)cast in-place灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁 bored pile鉆孔樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile機控異型灌注樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴樁 2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ) drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile預(yù)制混凝土樁

19、4)steel pile鋼樁 steel pipe pile鋼管樁 steel sheet pile鋼板樁 5)prestressed concrete pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁 prestressed concrete pipe pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻 4.friction pile摩擦樁 5.end-bearing pile端承樁 6.shaft豎井；樁身 7.wave equation analysis波動方程分析 8.pile caps承臺（樁帽） 9.bearing capacity

20、 of single pile單樁承載力 10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗 13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力 14.low pile cap低樁承臺 15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力

21、 17.silent piling靜力壓樁 18.uplift pile抗拔樁 19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁 20.pile groups群樁 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數(shù)（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應(yīng) 23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術(shù) 24.final set最后貫入度 25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗 26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗 27.pile head=butt樁頭 28.pile tip

22、=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭） 29.pile spacing樁距 30.pile plan樁位布置圖 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置 32.group action群樁作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側(cè)阻 35.pile cushion樁墊 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振動）打樁 37.pile pulling test拔樁試驗 38.pile shoe樁靴 39.pil

23、e noise打樁噪音 40.pile rig打樁機 八. 地基處理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范 2.cushion墊層法 3.preloading預(yù)壓法 4.dynamic compaction強夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement強夯置換法 6.vibroflotation method振沖法 7.sand-gravel pile砂石樁 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石樁 9.cement-flyash-g

24、ravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁 10.cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁 11.cement column水泥樁 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰樁 13.jet grouting高壓噴射注漿法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土擠密樁 lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁 lime soil pile灰土擠密樁 16.chemical stabilization化學(xué)加固法 17.surface compaction

25、表層壓實法 18.surcharge preloading超載預(yù)壓法 19.vacuum preloading真空預(yù)壓法 20.sand wick袋裝砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile土工織物 posite foundation復(fù)合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下水固結(jié)法 25.freezing and heating冷熱處理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理 27.ground treatment in mountain area山區(qū)地基處理 28.col

26、lapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理 29.artificial foundation人工地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥墊 32.soft clay ground軟土地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile樹根樁 35.plastic drain塑料排水帶 36.replacement ratio（復(fù)合地基）置換率 九. 固結(jié)consolidation 1.Terzzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固結(jié)理論 2.Barraons consolidation theory

27、巴隆固結(jié)理論 3.Biots consolidation theory比奧固結(jié)理論 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結(jié)比 5.overconsolidation soil超固結(jié)土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結(jié) 8.one-dimensional consolidation一維固結(jié) 9.primary consolidation主固結(jié) 10.secondary consolidation次固結(jié) 11.degree of consolidation固

28、結(jié)度 12.consolidation test固結(jié)試驗 13.consolidation curve固結(jié)曲線 14.time factor Tv時間因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù) 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結(jié)壓力 17.principle of effective stress有效應(yīng)力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結(jié) 十. 抗剪強度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強度 2.residual stre

29、ngth殘余強度 3.long-term strength長期強度 4.peak strength峰值強度 5.shear strain rate剪切應(yīng)變速率 6.dilatation剪脹 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪脹抗剪強度有效應(yīng)力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應(yīng)力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論 10.angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion

30、破壞準(zhǔn)則 13.vane strength十字板抗剪強度 14.unconfined compression無側(cè)限抗壓強度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線 16.effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力強度參數(shù) 十一. 本構(gòu)模型-constitutive model 1.elastic model彈性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非線性彈性模型 3.elastoplastic model彈塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘彈性模型 5.boundary su

31、rface model邊界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model鄧肯張模型 7.rigid plastic model剛塑性模型 8.cap model蓋帽模型 9.work softening加工軟化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model劍橋模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想彈塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫爾庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)則 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation model彈性半空間地基模型 16.e

32、lastic modulus彈性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型 十二. 地基承載力-bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure沖剪破壞 2.general shear failure整體剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破壞 4.state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài) 5.critical edge pressure臨塑荷載 6.stability of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性 7.ultimate be

33、aring capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力 十三. 土壓力-earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主動土壓力 2.passive earth pressure被動土壓力 3.earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力 4.Coulombs earth pressure theory庫侖土壓力理論 5.Rankines earth pressure theory朗金土壓力理論 十四. 土坡穩(wěn)定分析-s

34、lope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method畢肖普法 3.safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù) 4.Fellenius method of slices費紐倫斯條分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圓弧滑動法 6.slices method條分法 十五. 擋土墻-retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性 2.foundation wall基礎(chǔ)墻 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻 4.can

35、tilever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻 5.cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻 6.gravity retaining wall重力式擋土墻 7.anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻 8.anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻 十六. 板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物-sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile鋼板樁 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile鋼筋混凝土板樁 3.steel piles鋼樁 4.wooden sheet pile木板樁 5.

36、timber piles木樁 十七. 淺基礎(chǔ)-shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基礎(chǔ) 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基礎(chǔ) 3.strip foundation條形基礎(chǔ) 4.spread footing擴展基礎(chǔ) pensated foundation補償性基礎(chǔ) 6.bearing stratum持力層 7.rigid foundation剛性基礎(chǔ) 8.flexible foundation柔性基礎(chǔ) 9.embedded depth of foundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加應(yīng)力 11.struc

37、ture-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的動力性質(zhì)-dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils動強度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping幾何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期 8.dynamic shear mod

38、ulus of soils動剪切模量 9.dynamic magnification factor動力放大因素 10.liquefaction strength抗液化強度 11.dimensionless frequency無量綱頻率 12.evaluation of liquefaction液化勢評價 13.stress wave in soils土中應(yīng)力波 14.dynamic settlement振陷（動沉降） 十九. 動力機器基礎(chǔ) 1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集總參數(shù)法 2.dynamic subgrade reaction method

39、動基床反力法 3.vibration isolation隔振 4.foundation vibration基礎(chǔ)振動 5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基礎(chǔ)振動彈性半空間理論 6.allowable amplitude of foundation基礎(chǔ)振動容許振幅 7.natural frequency of foundation基礎(chǔ)自振頻率 二十. 地基基礎(chǔ)抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土動力學(xué) 3.duration of earthquake地震持續(xù)時間 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反應(yīng)譜 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震級 7.seismic predominant period地