874380905當(dāng)今汽車(chē)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中英文翻譯

1、當(dāng)今汽車(chē)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)自上世紀(jì)下半葉，中東石油危機(jī)導(dǎo)致世界性油荒，以及石油系不可再生資源，迫使世界上幾乎所有著名汽車(chē)制造廠商都在加速研制“低油耗、低價(jià)格，小排量、小車(chē)身”一般發(fā)展中國(guó)家老百姓都能買(mǎi)得起的轎車(chē)。事實(shí)上“二低二小”轎車(chē)（國(guó)人謂之“經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)”）并不是臨時(shí)應(yīng)付窮人的權(quán)宜之計(jì)，而是為了節(jié)約能源、減少污染、少占行車(chē)空間及停車(chē)用地，在有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時(shí)，社會(huì)效益的意義更大。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家?guī)资陙?lái)一直沒(méi)有停止過(guò)此類(lèi)車(chē)的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)，汽車(chē)大國(guó)日、英、德、法、意、韓的低排量汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)一直占據(jù)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)50%左右。波蘭、捷克和前南斯拉夫等國(guó)的市場(chǎng)比例更高，經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)達(dá)到80%以上。早在上世紀(jì)的五十年代，日本政府就公

2、布了“輕四輪法”，規(guī)定此檔車(chē)不僅可以享受減稅、減保險(xiǎn)金、免征過(guò)橋、過(guò)渡費(fèi)、簡(jiǎn)化車(chē)照、駕照手續(xù)等等。到了本世紀(jì)的今天，德國(guó)大眾汽車(chē)公司已推出節(jié)能型奧迪a2百公里油耗3l的lupo型轎車(chē)。意大利菲亞特汽車(chē)公司將在2002年出品的1.2l“punto”轎車(chē)，百公里油耗2.9l，售價(jià)1.2萬(wàn)馬克（約人民幣5.2萬(wàn)元）。此外福特的fiesta 、雷諾clio、日產(chǎn)micra等微型轎車(chē)都是風(fēng)靡世界的流行車(chē)型。由此可見(jiàn)，價(jià)格低廉、油耗低、小排量、輕污染、輕便靈活、用途廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)已成為全球汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)最受歡迎的車(chē)型之一，各國(guó)政府不僅在用車(chē)政策上網(wǎng)開(kāi)一面，而且在各方面都加以大力鼓勵(lì)與有力扶持。經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)在汽車(chē)

3、分類(lèi)中可分為a級(jí)車(chē)和b級(jí)車(chē)，a 級(jí)車(chē)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量通常在1.0l以下，車(chē)身總長(zhǎng)度一般不超過(guò)3.5m，兩門(mén)，如韓國(guó)大宇matiz、日本鈴木alto等。b級(jí)車(chē)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量通常在1.0-1.5l之間，車(chē)長(zhǎng)不超過(guò)3.75m，四門(mén)，性能比也較強(qiáng)，并有更多的車(chē)型變化，如雷諾clio、標(biāo)致206等。目前，西歐所產(chǎn)的a級(jí)的b級(jí)車(chē)總量約在430多萬(wàn)輛，預(yù)計(jì)到2005年將達(dá)到500萬(wàn)輛。在當(dāng)今亞洲地區(qū)a+b級(jí)車(chē)合計(jì)超過(guò)了300萬(wàn)輛，預(yù)計(jì)到2005年合計(jì)生產(chǎn)量將達(dá)到400萬(wàn)輛。南美地區(qū)2005年a+b級(jí)車(chē)合計(jì)將達(dá)到200萬(wàn)輛。東歐地區(qū)2005年a+b級(jí)車(chē)合計(jì)將達(dá)到100萬(wàn)輛左右。北美地區(qū)2005年b級(jí)車(chē)合計(jì)將達(dá)到20

4、萬(wàn)輛以上。由此可略一斑，在未來(lái)石油資源走向枯渴貽盡的歲月中，小型車(chē)在世界各地不僅有快速走紅之勢(shì)，而且潛在市場(chǎng)之大，令人刮目相看振奮不已。在世界各國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)發(fā)展比較成功的無(wú)一不是切合本國(guó)國(guó)情為依據(jù)。但在現(xiàn)階段中國(guó)社會(huì)的汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)，由于受到地方保護(hù)主義、官僚主義歧視性車(chē)管政策和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益驅(qū)動(dòng)的影響，小排量經(jīng)濟(jì)型汽車(chē)處處受到無(wú)理的“管、卡、壓、擠、限”，其生存發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)十分困難。這一逆世界潮流而動(dòng)的行為在中國(guó)不知要橫行霸道到哪一天？！“窮闊”二字是中國(guó)轎車(chē)市場(chǎng)的最好寫(xiě)照，按國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的文化理念詮釋?zhuān)核妮嗈I車(chē)=八人抬大轎，有多少人承認(rèn)轎車(chē)也是帶步工具？當(dāng)官的視其為權(quán)力權(quán)威權(quán)利的象征；發(fā)不義之財(cái)暴發(fā)戶(hù)視其為

5、成功的標(biāo)致；平頭百姓尤其是成千上萬(wàn)的下崗工人視其為可望而不可及的夢(mèng)想，這也許就是中國(guó)的國(guó)情所在。當(dāng)官的沒(méi)有理由不讓他坐高級(jí)轎車(chē)，否則有失尊嚴(yán)；經(jīng)商的不坐豪華轎車(chē)又如何“擺闊”？為彰顯政績(jī)“放衛(wèi)星”名日提升城市整體形象，地方政府官員當(dāng)然要在城市中驅(qū)逐“丟人現(xiàn)眼”的微型出租車(chē)，換型車(chē)大上特上大排量的出租車(chē)。其實(shí)在擺闊的背后是不傷自己一根毫發(fā)的“窮闊”，老百姓要的是實(shí)惠，而不是華而不實(shí)的“擺闊”。我們是否已到了“擺闊”的時(shí)候？眾所共知，我國(guó)人均gdp均為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的百分之幾，有許多地區(qū)老百姓的溫飽問(wèn)題都尚未解決，下崗或隱性下崗的人員幾千萬(wàn)，貧富差距不是在縮小而是在越拉越大,社會(huì)地位有著天壤之別，其結(jié)果

6、直接構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)性問(wèn)題。因此,今天無(wú)論從何種層面上看,未來(lái)十年乃至十五年縱使老百姓富了起來(lái),中國(guó)社會(huì)需要的仍然是一般老百姓能買(mǎi)得起用得起的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)。我國(guó)雖地大但并不物博。據(jù)一九九九年資料顯示，我國(guó)每年的石油需求量達(dá)億噸左右，其中原油進(jìn)口量的比例在以上，而在八十年代我國(guó)還是石油出口大國(guó)。這一角色的轉(zhuǎn)換再一次向國(guó)人發(fā)出警告：石油這一戰(zhàn)略性資源的危機(jī)將對(duì)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)成威脅。尤其是今年連續(xù)不斷飚升的油價(jià)，雖有時(shí)髦說(shuō)法-與國(guó)際水平接軌，但人家老外口袋中有幾兩銀子，我們口袋有幾文銀子；人家有漲有跌，我們是只漲不跌，這里大家都心知肚明，無(wú)須多費(fèi)筆墨。盡管?chē)?yán)酷的事實(shí)如此，我們幾乎所有微型車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家都感到了

7、生存的壓力，微型轎車(chē)持續(xù)幾年呈下滑趨勢(shì)，今年全年微型轎車(chē)產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)降幅在10百分點(diǎn)以下已成定局，且無(wú)回天之力。鑒于微型車(chē)幾年來(lái)所處的尷尬局面，目前上經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)的無(wú)論是“6”字頭還是“7”字頭生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，其產(chǎn)品的性能比與中級(jí)轎車(chē)相差無(wú)幾，大多數(shù)排量都在1.5l或1.5l以上，以適應(yīng)城市出租車(chē)市場(chǎng)的需要?？磥?lái)微型轎車(chē)要得到正真發(fā)展，不僅只有等到“燃油稅”開(kāi)征之日，而且還有等于大批量“官車(chē)”沒(méi)落之時(shí)，才能“翻身解放”。我國(guó)城市污染在世界的排行榜上也是赫赫有名，其中除煙塵外，大排量汽車(chē)尾氣排放成為重要的污染源。但在我國(guó)的各大城市不僅不限制大排量的轎車(chē)，反而鼓勵(lì)其無(wú)節(jié)制地發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，卻毫不留情地?cái)D壓淘汰微型

8、車(chē)。宣傳的目標(biāo)是治理、減少污染，采取的措施卻是加大污染。微型車(chē)比其它汽車(chē)的污染要輕得多，在汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速與技術(shù)水平相當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下，排量在1.0l以下的微型車(chē)的廢氣量約為1.5l汽車(chē)的1/3。目前達(dá)到歐洲排放3號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的微型轎車(chē)，對(duì)空氣所帶來(lái)的污染幾乎是微不足道。微型轎車(chē)的體形“三圍”較小，無(wú)論是處于動(dòng)態(tài)或靜態(tài)的情況下，所占的空間只接近中高級(jí)轎車(chē)的一半。不言而喻，微型轎車(chē)對(duì)緩解城市停車(chē)場(chǎng)少、道路面積小的緊張狀況有很大的積極作用。目前整個(gè)汽車(chē)消費(fèi)外部綜合環(huán)境、環(huán)保要求、實(shí)際購(gòu)買(mǎi)力、生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)能力等諸多因素的影響和制約，家庭汽車(chē)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入成長(zhǎng)期的前期，決定著微型轎車(chē)真正進(jìn)入中國(guó)百姓家庭仍有

9、一段艱辛的路要走。盡管今天中國(guó)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)與世界汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)有不合拍的地方很多，但相信在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，總會(huì)平整融入到世界潮流之中，微型化、節(jié)能化、環(huán)?；?、經(jīng)濟(jì)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)必定占據(jù)主流車(chē)型，這也是由中國(guó)國(guó)情所決定的。the challenge of todays carssince the last half of the century, the middle east oil crisis led to a worldwide shortage of oil and of petroleum series of non-renewable resources, forcing almost all

10、the worlds leading automobile manufacturers are in the accelerated development of low fuel consumption, low cost, small displacement, small car ordinary people in developing countries can afford cars. in fact, two low two small car (people that the economy car) is not a temporary expedient to meet t

11、he poor, but to save energy, reduce pollution, less road space and parking space accounted for in cost-effective the same time, greater social significance. developed countries for decades has not stopped the development and production of such cars, japanese auto major powers, britain, germany, fran

12、ce, italy, south koreas low-emission car market car market has been dominated by about 50%. poland, the czech republic and the former yugoslavia and other countries a higher market share, economic cars more than 80%. back in the fifties of the last century, the japanese government announced the ligh

13、t 4 act, the provisions of this file can not only enjoy the tax vehicle, less insurance, exempt from the bridge, the transition costs, simplify ju zhao, drivers license procedures, etc. and so on. by the century, the german volkswagen has introduced energy-efficient audi a2 3l of lupo 100 km fuel co

14、nsumption cars. fiat of italy in 2002 produced 1.2l punto car, 100 km fuel consumption of 2.9l, priced at 12,000 marks (about 52 thousand yuan). in addition, ford fiesta, renault clio, nissan micra and other micro-cars are popular in the world of popular models. thus, low cost, low fuel consumption,

15、 low-emission, light pollution, light and flexible, uses a wide range of economic cars has become a global car market one of the most popular models, governments not only in the car on the lenient policy , and in all respects to be strongly encouraged and strong support. economic car in the car cate

16、gory can be divided into a-class and b class, a class 1.0l engine displacement is usually less than the total body length of not more than 3.5m, 2, such as the daewoo matiz, suzuki japan alto and so on. b-class engine displacement is usually between 1.0-1.5l, drivers no more than 3.75m, four-door, p

17、erformance ratio is also stronger and have more models change, such as the renault clio, peugeot 206 and so on. currently, western europe, produced by a-b-class is about more than 430 million total is expected to reach 5 million by 2005. in todays asia, class a + b together more than three million,

18、is expected to total production in 2005 will reach 4 million. south america 2005, class a + b together to reach 2 million. eastern europe in 2005 class a + b combined will reach 100 million units. north american b-class car in 2005 will total 20 million units. this may be slightly evident, the oil r

19、esources in the future try to dry thirsty yi years, the small car is not only fast in popularity around the world trend, and the potential market for large, impressive excited. country in the world, economic cars without exception, the development of more successful suit based on its national condit

20、ions. but at this stage of chinese society car market, due to local protectionism, bureaucracy, discrimination vehicle administration policy and economic benefits of small displacement cars everywhere by economic unreasonable pipe, card, pressure, squeezing, limited the survival and development of s

21、tate very difficult. the behavior of moving against the world trend in china, i do not know to ride roughshod to the day? ! poor w word is the best reflection of chinas car market, according to chinese traditional culture concept interpretation: four cars carrying taijiao = eight, how many people re

22、cognize the car is also a tool with a step? government officials view them as a symbol of the power authority of the rights; made ill-gotten gains upstart view them as successful peugeot; the common people especially the tens of thousands of laid-off workers view them as elusive dream, this may wher

23、e is chinas national conditions. government officials have no reason to not let him sit limousine, or humiliating; doing business do not take the luxury car, how ostentatious? to highlight achievements satellite - name date enhance the overall image of the city, local government officials in the cit

24、y, the expulsion of course, disgraceful the mini-cab, for the model congress, especially on the large displacement of the taxi. in fact, the ostentatious do not hurt themselves behind a scratching of poor kuo, people want is affordable, not flashy ostentatious. we have to ostentatious in time? known

25、 to everyone, chinas per capita gdp are percentage of developed countries, there are people in many parts of the food and clothing remain to be resolved, the laid-off or hidden hundreds of millions of laid-off workers, the wealth gap is not narrowing but widening larger, fundamentally different soci

26、al status, the results of direct form of serious social problems. therefore, today no matter what level, the next decades or even fifteen years even if the rich people up, the chinese society is still in need ordinary people can afford to buy a car with affordable economy. chinas large but it does n

27、ot matter though to bo. according to 1999 statistics, chinas annual oil demand of 1.5 million tons, of which the proportion of crude oil imports more than 20%, while in the eighties or the oil-exporting countries in china. the role of the conversion again issued a warning to the people: the oil cris

28、is of the strategic resources would pose a threat to national security. in particular the continuous soaring of oil prices this year, although the stylish way - into line with international standards, but pockets of a few people foreigner two silver, our pocket money several culture; people up and d

29、own, we are only up not down here we all know, is no more pen and ink costs. despite the grim fact that, we almost all the micro-car manufacturers are feeling the pressure of survival, micro car continued downward trend in recent years, mini-car sales this year fell 10 percent less a foregone conclusion, and no huitianzhili . mini cars for several years in view of the embarrassing situation in which, at present, on both economic cars 6 prefix or 7 prefix production enterprises, the performance of their products is almost the same compared with th