現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(含答案),推薦文檔

1、時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時 一. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞（done）。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響， 或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。 二. 句型： 否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他. 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他. 簡略答語：Yes,主語+ have/has.肯定） No,主語 + have nt/has nt.否定） 三. 用法 1. “已完成”用法：表示一個過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 這一類情況可以細(xì)致分為下述兩種情況。 1） 表示開始于過去的動作剛剛結(jié)束。常和just,

2、now, already, yet, notye等不確定的時 間狀語連用。 Li Mi ng has just turned off the light.李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（說明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了） Ive fi nished my homework now.現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。（說明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了） 2）表示過去動作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。一般不用時間狀語。 I have lost my pen.我把筆丟了。（說明過去某時丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒找到這支筆） She has become a teache她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了老師。（說明她現(xiàn)在仍是老師） 2. “未完成”用法。表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，持續(xù)

3、到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示） 或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示），常與for （+段時間）、since（+時間點(diǎn)或過去時的句子）連用。 fo葉時段（for a long time，for a mon th） since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從 以來，如since 1991、since yesterday sin ce+時段 +ago （since 2 days ago since+從句（過去時） It is+時段+si nce+從句（過去時） 其它常見：today，this week （mon th），lately，rece ntly，these days in the past few days

4、during the last two weeks,， so far，up to now， till （until） now 等。 He has lived here for 30 years他住在這兒三十年了。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒） Theyve kn ow n each other si nee childhood他們從小彼此相識。（現(xiàn)在還在往來） How long have you studied English?你學(xué)英語多久了？（現(xiàn)在仍在學(xué)） 3. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)性用法：表示從過去開始到目前為止這段時間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。 常與頻度副詞女口 often, always, every w

5、eek, twice 等連用。 I have bee n to the Summer Palace twice我 曾經(jīng)去過頤和園兩次。 He has always said sc他總是這么說. 四現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 1現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下時間狀語表示這種含 義。 a）用副詞already、yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet 般用于否定句和疑問句中。 女口： We have already finished our homework我們已完成作業(yè)了。 They have nt fini shed their homework yet他 們還沒有

6、完成作業(yè)。 b）用ever和never多用于否定或疑問句中，表示曾經(jīng)”或 從未 等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wai你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？ -I have. never_bee n to the Great Wa 我從未去過長城。 c）用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，女口so far, just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。 女口： I .have.seen her.before, but I can not remember wher我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。 He has_got to

7、Beiji ng .so.far.到目前為止，他已經(jīng)到了北京。 d）用包括 現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如 now, today, this morning（month, year, term等。 如：-Have you met him today?-No,I have nt.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。 e）表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)的時間狀語 女口： He has been there three times the last few day近幾天他去過那里三次了。 How many times have you been there this year今年你去過那里多少次？ 2. 短暫性動詞不能和表一段時

8、間的時間狀語連用。女口： come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段時間的時間狀語，必 須將動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞，常與fo葉時段、since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）的時間狀語 連用。 現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 a）瞬間動詞的變化 buy-have borrow - -keep/havebecome - -be catch a cold - -have a cold put on wear b）用“be+形

9、容詞”代替短暫性動詞 fall(get) illbe ill fall(get) asleepbe asleep losebe missi ng/gon e/lost closebe close I go outbe out get up be up marrybe married diebe dead wake/wake upbe awake openbe ope n fini sh( end ) be-over c)用“ be+副詞”代替短暫性動詞 start/beginbe on return/come back/go bac be back leave/move be away com

10、e/arrive/reach/get here(there)be here/there come/arrive/reach/get tobe in d)用“ be+介詞短語”代替短暫性動詞 go to/come tobe in/at +地點(diǎn)join the armybe in the army move tobe in/at + 地點(diǎn) 女口： He has been a soldier for three year他參軍三年了。 His father has bee n dead for two year他 父親去世二年了。 The film has bee n on for 5 mi nu

11、tes 電影已開始五分鐘了。 We have studied En glish for three years 我們(開始)學(xué)英語已三年了。 五.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng) 1. have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別： have bee n(to)表示 去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；可與 on ce ,n ever,several times等 連用。 have gone（to）表示去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱， 如：They have bee n to Beijing twice 他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing

12、 .他去北京了。 2. 不可延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示 段時間的狀語連用。 如：I have nt left here si nee 1997自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 （錯）I have received his letter for a mon th. (對)I have nt received his letter for almost a mon th. 練習(xí) 一、填空 1 Have you ever(take) a train? 2 It(be ) more tha n three years since Jim(leave

13、) here. 3 Have you(make)frie nds with your new classmates yet? 4 I(have) my lunch and rm not hungry now. 5 Jim has n ever see n a pan da,he? 6 We(be) good friends since we met at school. 7 We cant find him any where. Perhaps he(go) home. 8 He(read) the book before. 9 Mr. Gree n(teach) us a lot about

14、 social studies since September. 10 Inever(meet) her sister before. 11. He(work) in our school for five year. 12 He(come) to our school last year/i n 2008. 13. They(cook) the supper already. 14. They(cook) the supper half an hour ago. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、 He has never cooked,?改成反意疑問句) 2、They have been here si

15、nce 2000.(對劃線部分提問) have they bee n here? 3、The old manlast year. Hefor a year. (die)(動詞填 空) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factoryfor twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gaoan hour . 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years(.同義句) Her motherthe Party

16、 three years . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) two yearsthe Gree n family moved to Fran ce. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago扌把兩個句子合并成一個句子 ) 三、單項(xiàng)選擇 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they whats happened to him . A. knew B . have known C. must know D .will

17、 know 2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B .never C .ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ? A. just B . ago C .before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer one new book in the past two year A . is writing B .was writingC .wrote D .has written 5、一Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it

18、will be even. A . has changed ; well B . changed ; good C . has changed ; better D . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years . A . was ; studyingB . will ; study C . has ; studiedD. are ; studying 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B . had known C. have known

19、 D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film it twice . A. will see B. have seenC. saw D .see 9、 These farmers Really ? When have been to the United States there ? A. will they go B . did they go C . do they go D. have they gone 10、 you your homework yet ? Yes . I it a moment ago . A. Did ;do ;fini s

20、hed B . Have ; done ; fini shed C . Have ; done ; have finishedD. will ; do ; fin ish 11、 His father the Party si nee 1978 . A. joinedB has joined C . was in D . has been in 12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We frie nds since ten years ago . A. wereB . have been C . have become D. have made 13、 How l

21、ong have you here ? About two mon ths . A. bee n B. gone C. come D. arrived 14、 Hurry up! The play for ten min utes . A. has begun B . had begun C . has been onD . began 15、 It ten years since he left the army . A. is B . hasC . will D was 16、Miss Green isnt A .has gone B . went 17、My parents A. hav

22、e been in in the office . she to the library C .will go D. has been Shandong for ten years . B . have been to C . have gone toD . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so theyB. don they C. have they D. haven they to China? A. How soon, comes C. How long, came 20、His unclefor A.

23、 has come here C. has lived there B. How often, got D. How far, arrived more tha n 9 years. B. has started to work D. has left the university 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 1定義:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要 繼續(xù)下去。 2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時是由“have/has+bee動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu) 成 3現(xiàn)在完

24、成進(jìn)行時的基本句型 “肯定式 I/We have been working. 疑問式Have you been working? .簡略回答Yes, I/we have. No,I/we have nt. c 肯定式He/She/It has been working. J 疑問式Has he/she/it been working 簡略回答Yes, he/she/it has.No，he/she/it has nt. I 4現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1）在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。如如: Ive been reading this book for two hours but I have n

25、t fin ished it.這本書我已讀了兩個小時了，但我還沒讀完。 rve read this book我已讀完這本書了。 2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶感情色彩 She has always bee n worki ng like tha 她一貫是這樣工作的。 3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。 Weve bee n see ing quite a lot of each other recent 最近我們經(jīng)常見面。 5 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性 ,它是現(xiàn)在完成時的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。試比較： Weve been living

26、here for ten years. Weve lived here for ten years我 們在這兒已經(jīng)住了十年了。 2）在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作仍在進(jìn)行。而現(xiàn)在完成時則 表示動作在過去已結(jié)束。 如： The stude nts have bee n prepari ng for the exam（.還在進(jìn)行）學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。 The stude nts have prepared for the exam（已經(jīng)結(jié)束）學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。 3）有些表示狀態(tài)， 感情，感覺的動詞如： have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound

27、等動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。 如： Theyve known each other since 1970. 自從 1970 年起他們就相互認(rèn)識了。 練習(xí): 1. I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He for it for months.） A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, w