高中英語倒裝句詳解

1、倒裝句一、 倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1）here， there， now， then， thus等副詞置于句首， 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be， come， go， lie， run.there goes the bell.then came the chairman.here is your letter.2）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。(介詞放在句首）out rushed a missile from under the bomber.ahead sat an old woman

2、.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：here he comes. away they went.二、倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do， does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1）句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until 等。never have i seen such a performance.nowhere will

3、 you find the answer to this question.not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.2）否定詞組：如 not onlybut also， hardly/scarcelywhen， no sooner thannot only did he refuse the gift， he also severely criticized the sender.hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.no sooner

4、 had she gone out than a student came to visit her.注意：只有當(dāng)not only but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的not only but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。not only you but also i am fond of music.3）so， neither， nor作部分倒裝表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。tom can speak french. so can jack.if you wont go， neither will i.4）、only在句首要倒裝的

5、情況only in this way， can you learn english well.only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed.5）、as， though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。注意：1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2）句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)

6、義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語， 隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用?？键c(diǎn)1； “強(qiáng)調(diào)否定狀語的倒裝句”的基本用法“強(qiáng)調(diào)否定狀語的倒裝句”是指為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中針對(duì)全句的否定狀語， 將其置于句首所引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常考的放于句首引起部分倒裝的含有否定意義的狀語有： never, seldom, rarely, little, few, hardly/scarce

7、ly . when ., no sooner . than ., at no time, by no means, no longer, not only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。注意： 如果放在句首的否定狀語只否定主語或句中的副詞， 而不針對(duì)全句， 就不用進(jìn)行倒裝。例如： not a soul was anywhere visible. 到處見不到一個(gè)人。not long ago it rained. 不久前下過雨。注意點(diǎn)：hardly/scarcely. when., no sooner. than. 都表示“

8、一就”， 前面的主句通常用過去完成時(shí)， 后面的從句通常用一般過去時(shí)， 而且當(dāng)hardly, scarcely或no sooner放于句首時(shí)， 前面的主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝。 not only. but (also). 連接兩個(gè)并列分句并且包含否定含義的not only放于句首時(shí)， not only后的分句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝， but (also) 后的分句不進(jìn)行倒裝，考題1 ive tried very hard to improve my english. but by no means _ with my progress. (2006重慶)a. the teacher is not satisf

9、ied b. is the teacher not satisfiedc. the teacher is satisfied d. is the teacher satisfied考題2 little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (2007安徽)a. he realized b. he didnt realizec. didnt he realize d. did he realize考題4 did linda see the tra

10、ffic accident? no, no sooner _ than it happened. (2006天津)a. had she gone b. she had gonec. has she gone d. she has gone 考題5 not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春)a. the teacher himself is; all his students areb. the teacher himself is; are all his stud

11、entsc. is the teacher himself; are all his studentsd. is the teacher himself; all his students are考題6 not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (1995)a. did the villagers realize b. the villagers realizedc. the villagers did realize d. didnt the villagers realize考題7 n

12、ever before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (2005上海)a. has this city been b. this city has beenc. was this city d. this city was考題8 the old couple married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. (2003)a. they had quarreled b. they have quarreledc. have they quar

13、reled d. had they quarreled考題11 i have been living in the united states for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. (2007遼寧)a. have i felt b. i had feltc. i have felt d. had i felt考點(diǎn)2： “only狀語置于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法副詞only置于句首， 強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語、 條件狀語、 地點(diǎn)狀語、 時(shí)間狀語等狀語時(shí)， 主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。如果被only所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語為狀語從句， 該狀語從句不倒裝， 只對(duì)主句進(jìn)

14、行倒裝。例如： only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能買到新輪椅。/ only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有當(dāng)我們?cè)俅窝芯苛诉@些數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候， 我們才意識(shí)到出了一個(gè)錯(cuò)。注意： 如果放于句首的only所修飾的不是狀語時(shí)， 該句不用倒裝。例如： only john can save me. 只有約翰能夠救我。only some of the children passed t

15、he examination. 只有幾個(gè)孩子通過了考試?？碱}1 _ by keeping down costs will power data hold its advantage over other companies. (2006浙江)a. only b. just c. still d. yet考題2 only in this way _ to make improvements in the operating system. (2003上海春)a. you can hope b. you did hopec. can you hope d. did you hope答案 c解析 o

16、nly在題干中放于句首并修飾方式狀語in this way， 全句應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝。又由于該句不是介紹過去的情況而是表述現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種狀況， 所以不應(yīng)采用一般過去時(shí)， 本題應(yīng)選c。考題3 _ can you expect to get a rise. (2001北京、 安徽春)a. with hard work b. although work hard c. only with hard work d. now that he works hard 答案 c解析 題干中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯然為部分倒裝語序， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有c選項(xiàng)修飾方式狀語with hard work的only可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句， 因此本題應(yīng)

17、選c。考題4 only when your identity has been checked, _. (2003上海)a. you are allowed in b. you will be allowed inc. will you allow in d. will you be allowed in答案 d解析 放于句首的only修飾when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)， 主句應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝(從句中不進(jìn)行倒裝)。考題5 only then _ how much damage had been caused. (2006陜西)a. she realized b. she had realizedc

18、. had she realized d. did she realize答案 d解析 放于句首的only修飾時(shí)間狀語then時(shí)， 主句應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝， 而且主句中“她意識(shí)到”這一過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)應(yīng)的是“已導(dǎo)致?lián)p失”這一發(fā)生得更早的動(dòng)作， 所以下劃線應(yīng)與后面賓語從句中的過去完成時(shí)相呼應(yīng)， 采用一般過去時(shí)的形式， 據(jù)此可以分別排除選項(xiàng)a、 b和c而選出d。考點(diǎn)3： “作狀語的介詞短語放于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而將作狀語的介詞短語放在句首， 而將主語放到句末從而形成倒裝， 這種倒裝句中的謂語多為以下不及物動(dòng)詞： come, lie, stand, walk, 且為全部倒裝的形式。例如

19、： under the big tree was sitting an old farmer. 大樹下坐著一個(gè)老農(nóng)夫。/ along the dusty road came a group of tourists. 一群游客沿著塵土飛揚(yáng)的路走來。/ in the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 在遠(yuǎn)處， 可見到紫紅色的群山。采用這樣的倒裝形式有時(shí)也是出于全句平衡的考慮： 當(dāng)主語較長時(shí)， 為了使句子平衡， 常以作狀語的介詞短語開頭。例如： on the ground lay some air conditioners, which are

20、 to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放著一些空調(diào)， 它們會(huì)被船運(yùn)到其他城市去?？碱}1 just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years. (2006上海春)a. does a tall tree stand b. stands a tall treec. a tall tree is standing d. a tall tree stands答案 b解析 狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語a tall tree要完全放于謂語stands之后?？碱}2 at the foot of the m

21、ountain _. (2006四川)a. a village lie b. lies a villagec. does a village lie d. lying a village答案 b解析 狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語a village要完全放于謂語lies之后?？碱}3 in the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several english towns. (2005遼寧)a. stand many lakes b. lie many lakesc. many lakes lie d. many lakes stand答案 b解

22、析 狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語many lakes要完全放于謂語lies(stand通常不與lake連用表示“存在”)之后?？键c(diǎn)4： “結(jié)果狀語從句對(duì)應(yīng)的so/such位于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法當(dāng)“so/such . that .”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so, such連同它所直接修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)， 主句要進(jìn)行倒裝(that后面的結(jié)果狀語從句不倒裝)。例如： so angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他憤怒得一句話也說不出來。(so與作表語的形容詞放于句首， 主句呈現(xiàn)全部倒裝的形式) / so fast does he run that he is

23、 far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快， 以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于其他人。(so與修飾謂語run的副詞fast放于句首， 主句呈現(xiàn)部分倒裝的形式) / to such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母倆愛子愛到了如此程度， 以至于盡量滿足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首， 主句呈現(xiàn)部分倒裝的形式) 考題1 so difficult _ it to work out the problem that i decided to

24、 ask tom for advice. (2006廣東)a. i did find b. did i find c. i have found d. have i found答案 b解析 so difficult放于句首要引起主句的倒裝， 結(jié)果狀語從句中的“i decided to ask tom for advice”表明整句話是針對(duì)過去的(不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)聯(lián))， 不宜用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)而應(yīng)采用一般過去時(shí)， 因此本題應(yīng)選b?？碱}2 _ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (2006福建)a. so much

25、 b. too much c. too little d. so little答案 a解析 結(jié)果狀語從句中的“we had no time to take a rest”意味著休息時(shí)間很少， 應(yīng)先排除選項(xiàng)c、 d， 又由于放于句首的表語too much不能引起倒裝， 而且意思上也難以與全句融合， 所以進(jìn)一步排除b?？键c(diǎn)99： “順說倒裝句”的基本用法“順說倒裝句”是順應(yīng)前面所出現(xiàn)的表述、 表明另一種類似情況而形成的部分倒裝形式的倒裝句， 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/neither/nor助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞be主語”， 用放在句首的so(針對(duì)前面肯定性的內(nèi)容)或者neither, nor(針對(duì)前面

26、否定性的內(nèi)容)表明與前面所說的情況類似的情況。例如： he can ride a bike, and so can i. 他會(huì)騎自行車， 我也會(huì)。/ the boy died, and a week later, so did his friend. 那男孩死了， 一周后， 他朋友也死了。/ society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會(huì)變了， 人也跟著變了。/ tom doesnt like bananas. neither/nor does his wife. 湯姆不喜歡吃香蕉。他妻子也不喜歡。/ if you wont go, n

27、either will i. 如果你不去， 我也不去。注意： 如果只是重復(fù)前面所說的情況， 表示同意或強(qiáng)調(diào)(意為“是的， 確實(shí)”)， so(針對(duì)前面肯定性的內(nèi)容)或者neither, nor(針對(duì)前面否定性的內(nèi)容)引導(dǎo)的句子不用倒裝， 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/neither/nor主語助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞be”(這里的主語應(yīng)與前面句子的主語一致)。例如： she knows little english, so she does. 她英語懂得不多， 的確如此。/ it was very hot yesterday. 昨天天氣很熱。 so it was. 是很熱。考題1 if joes wife

28、 wont go to the party, _.(2007)a. he will either b. neither will hec. he neither will d. either he will答案 b解析 表示joe跟他妻子一樣將不出席宴會(huì)， 應(yīng)選用四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中倒裝形式的“neither will he”， 選項(xiàng)a、 d不能選是因?yàn)椤癳ither”表示“也”而不含否定含義?？碱}2 its burning hot today, isnt it? yes. _ yesterday. (2006福建)a. so was it b. so it was c. so it is d. so

29、is it答案 a解析 表示昨天的炎熱狀況跟今天的炎熱狀況一樣， 應(yīng)選用倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)， 由此先排除選項(xiàng)b和c， 又由于描述昨天的情況應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)而不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 應(yīng)進(jìn)一步排除d而選出a?？碱}3 do you know jim quarreled with his brother? i dont know, _. (1991)a. nor dont i care b. nor do i carec. i dont care neither d. i dont care also答案 b解析 在否定句表示“也”要用either(表示此意時(shí)通常放于句末)， 在肯定句中表示“也”則用too(較為通

30、俗， 表示此意時(shí)通常放于句末)或also(較為莊重， 使用時(shí)通常放于句中)， 本題下劃線對(duì)應(yīng)于否定句， 不能用also， 所以首先排除了選項(xiàng)d； neither, nor表示“也不”， 本身包含否定意義， 不能與dont連用， 所以進(jìn)一步排除選項(xiàng)a、 c而選出b。本題中， nor引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝的倒裝句表示前面的否定性的內(nèi)容也適合于另一個(gè)人， 其帶上了謂語部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞care(若“順說倒裝句”中謂語部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與前一句子謂語部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同， 則一般省略掉該倒裝句中謂語部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)?？碱}4 you forgot your purse when you went out. good he

31、avens, _. (2002上海)a. so did i b. so i did c. i did so d. i so did答案 b解析 重復(fù)前面表述的同一種情況， 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)， so引導(dǎo)的句子不進(jìn)行倒裝?？碱}5 well. i do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. _.(2005遼寧)a. so it is b. so is it c. so does it d. so it does答案 a解析 肯定前一句話中的賓語從句“the rabbit is a beautiful,

32、 gentle animal”， so引導(dǎo)的句子不進(jìn)行倒裝， 而且so引導(dǎo)的句子中謂語動(dòng)詞要與該賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞相一致?？碱}6 my room gets very cold at night.待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3 _.(2007江蘇)a. so is mine b. so mine isc. so does mine d. so mine does答案 c解析 下劃線處肯定對(duì)方所述情況、 表示“我的房間的確如此”， 應(yīng)采用不倒裝的形式， 而且其謂語動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)該與對(duì)方所說陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式一致。本章補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題1. never _ time come back again.a. wil

33、l you lose b. will lostc. have i lost d. am i losing2. not until he arrived home _ that his wallet had been stolen.a. he had found b. he foundc. did he find d. had he founded3. not until _ home _ his parents had been ill for three days.a. he got; he knew b. did he get; he knewc. he got; did he know

34、d. did he get; did he know4. not for a moment _ the truth of your story.a. he has doubted b. he doubtedc. had he doubted d. did he doubt5. hardly _ got to the airport _ the plane took off.a. they had; than b. had they; thanc. had they; when d. did they; when6. no sooner _ than he realized that he sh

35、ould have remained silent.a. had the words been spoken b. the words had spokenc. the words had been spoken d. had the words spoken7. maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.a. can you find b. you could findc. you can find d. could you find8. of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives.a. there is b. there are c. is there d. are there9. he said he enjoyed the quiet life in the countrys