小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)態(tài) 度境中的訓(xùn)練有意義語(yǔ)文 化語(yǔ)言技能口頭交際表達(dá)性技能接受性技能聽說(shuō)書面交際讀寫目 錄 態(tài)度 文化 語(yǔ)言知識(shí) 聽 讀 說(shuō) 寫附表一、26個(gè)字母附表二、48個(gè)音標(biāo)附表三、元音字母在重讀開、閉音節(jié)中的讀音附表四、常見元音字母組合在單詞重讀音節(jié)中的讀音附表五、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)附表六、代詞的變化附表七、基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞附表八、句子的種類附表九、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)附表十、常用短語(yǔ)附表十一、常見詞匯附表十二、日常交際用語(yǔ) 態(tài)度：1、具有學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的愿望和興趣 2、養(yǎng)成良好的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣 文化：樂于了解英語(yǔ)文化 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)：1、語(yǔ)音： 能正確讀寫26個(gè)字母（附表一） 能正確認(rèn)讀英語(yǔ)48個(gè)音標(biāo)（

2、附表二） 能初步運(yùn)用原因字母在重讀開、閉音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)則拼讀單詞 朗讀及簡(jiǎn)單會(huì)話時(shí)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、句子重音和停頓基本正確2、詞匯：初步掌握500多個(gè)單詞，一定數(shù)量的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)3、語(yǔ)法：初步學(xué)會(huì)最基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)4、日常交際用語(yǔ)：能在一定情景下圍繞30多個(gè)日常交際用語(yǔ)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單會(huì)話 聽：1、在單詞和句子中辨別英語(yǔ)的基本因素2、在課上和游戲中能聽懂并執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單口頭指示3、辨別和理解語(yǔ)調(diào)類型4、理解所聽簡(jiǎn)單會(huì)話和故事的內(nèi)容5、理解所聽故事內(nèi)容，并回答簡(jiǎn)單問題6、理解所聽篇章，并回答簡(jiǎn)單問題7、在口頭交際中能聽懂內(nèi)容，并做出行為上的反應(yīng) 讀：1、能借助漢語(yǔ)讀懂文字內(nèi)容，并做到理解、記憶和回憶2、能對(duì)自己所喜歡的語(yǔ)

3、言材料產(chǎn)生感情上的交流和共鳴3、能夠閱讀與教材難易相當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)話或短文 說(shuō)：1、能準(zhǔn)確模仿較短的單詞和簡(jiǎn)單句，語(yǔ)調(diào)正確、發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確、反應(yīng)恰當(dāng)2、能基本讀出符合讀音規(guī)則的單音節(jié)詞3、能朗讀簡(jiǎn)單書面材料，節(jié)奏正確，語(yǔ)調(diào)規(guī)范、流暢，單詞發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確4、能簡(jiǎn)單回答針對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的問題5、能簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述課文6、能看圖復(fù)講簡(jiǎn)單的故事 寫：1、能正確抄寫、默寫大小寫字母2、能正確抄寫單詞3、能正確抄寫句子4、能書面回答與課文有關(guān)的問題附表一26個(gè)字母 順序歸類 讀音Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll MmNn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zzeii:

4、aiuju:ea:A eiE i:I aiO uU ju:H JdVei K keieitF Csi: Ddi: GdVi: Ppi: Tti: Vvi:Bbi:Ywai W5dQblju:Qkju: Lel Mem Nen Ses XeksZzed Fef附表二48個(gè)音標(biāo)國(guó)際音標(biāo)48個(gè)元音20個(gè)單元音12個(gè)i: i e A a: C C: u u: Q : 雙元音8個(gè)ei ai Ci i Z u au u輔音28個(gè)清濁成對(duì)的輔音10對(duì)p t k f s W F tF tr tsb d v z T V dV dr dz單個(gè)輔音8個(gè)m n N l r h w j附表三元音字母在重讀開、閉音節(jié)中的

5、讀音例詞 音節(jié)字母開音節(jié)閉音節(jié)aei cake, table haveAA bag, hat what, want Cei: she, thesee pen, bediai kite, bike give ii: ship, big child aiou no, nose come, some QC hot, dog son Quju: use, student blue, ruler u:Q but, cup put u附表四常見元音字母組合在單詞重讀音節(jié)中的讀音areaorouoweara:carfarmC:warmi:meatcleanebreadreadyeigreatiideaC:h

6、orsesport:workerworldaucloudyaboutucouldwouldu:groupuyellowwindowknowsnowgrowaunowhowbrowniheardearnear:earthearlyZpear附表五名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)情 況構(gòu)成方法例 詞一般情況詞尾加sbikebikes以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的詞加esglassglasses，boxboxes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞去y加iescitycities以f，fe結(jié)尾的詞去f，fe加vesshelfshelves，knifeknives以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加estomatotomatoes不規(guī)則的詞manmen，

7、womanwomen，childchildren附表六代詞的變化人 稱 數(shù)分類單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe, she, itweyouthey賓格Meyouhim, her, itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs指示代詞this, that, these, those疑問代詞who, whose, what不定代詞some, any, every, many, much附表七基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞數(shù)字基

8、數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞縮寫數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞縮寫數(shù)字基數(shù)詞1onefirst1st11eleveneleventh11th21twenty-onr2twosecond2nd12twelvetwelfth12th29twenty-nine3threethird3rd13thirteenthirteenth13th30thirty4fourfourth4th14fourteenfourteenth14th40forty5fivefifth5th15fifteenfifteenth15th50fifty6sixsixth6th16sixteensixteenth16th60sixty7sevenseventh7t

9、h17seventeenseventeenth17th70seventy8eighteighth8th18eighteeneighteenth18th80eighty9nineninth9th19nineteennineteenth19th90ninety10tententh10th20twentytwentieth20th100one hundred注：1. 一般情況下在基數(shù)詞詞尾加“th”，即構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞，但要注意表中帶的詞。2. 以“ty”結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞去掉“y”加“ieth”，如：thirtythirtieth。3. 以one至nine結(jié)尾的多數(shù)基數(shù)詞，只把個(gè)位數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，其他位數(shù)詞不

10、變。如：twenty-one變成twenty-first。附表八句子的種類種 類例 句陳述句肯定陳述句That is my schoolbag.否定陳述句This isnt my schoolbag.疑問句一般疑問句Is it your jacket?特殊疑問句Whose jacket is it?祈 使 句Be carefully next time. Dont read in bed.感 嘆 句What a nice dress!附表九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)種類構(gòu) 成例 句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)+studyI study in Guangming Primary School.studies(第三人稱單數(shù))M

11、y brother studies in Yuying Primary School.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amI am playing chess.主語(yǔ)+is+playing(動(dòng)詞+ing)She is playing the piano.AreThey are playing football.一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+studied(過(guò)去式)Tom got up very late yesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)willMy father will go to work tomorrow.主語(yǔ)+ +studyWe shall go to the park tomorrow.shallHe is going t

12、o the museum tomorrow.注：1. 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加“s”或“es”，以“y”結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞去“y”加“ies”，如：helphelps，gogoes，studystudies。2. 在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加“ed”，不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞要逐個(gè)記，如：workworked，is，amwas，arewere，gowent，dodid，have，hashad。附表十常用短語(yǔ)第 20 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè)a bit（一點(diǎn)兒）a bottle of（一瓶）a cup of（一杯）a glass of（一杯）a lot of（許多）a pair of（一對(duì)）a pie

13、ce of（一片）all the time（始終）at home（在家）at weekend（在周末）be good at（擅長(zhǎng)做）bring to（使用）come back（回來(lái)）come home（回家）do homework（做作業(yè)）fall down（跌倒）fly a kite（放風(fēng)箏）get to（到達(dá)/開始）get up（起床）get on（上車）get off（下車）get ready（準(zhǔn)備好）go by（經(jīng)過(guò)）go for（去找）go to school（上學(xué)）go home（回家）go to bed（上床睡覺）go sailing（去航行）go skating（去滑冰）go

14、on a trip（旅行）go over（復(fù)習(xí)）have breakfast（吃早飯）have a cold（感冒）have a rest（休息一會(huì)兒）have a good idea（有一個(gè)好主意）have no idea（不知道）have sports（進(jìn)行體育鍛煉）have to（必須/只好）hold on（等一下/繼續(xù)）keep silent（保持沉默）keep off（讓開）last week（上周）look after（照顧/關(guān)心）look at（看/考慮）look up（向上看）look out（注意/照料）listen to（聽）next time（下次）on duty（值班/

15、上班）play chess（下棋）play cards（打撲克）play football（踢足球）play the piano（彈鋼琴）ride a bike（騎自行車）stay up（不睡覺/熬夜）skip rope（跳繩）speak English（說(shuō)英語(yǔ)）take a picture（照相）take a message（帶口信）take medicine（吃藥）turn on（打開）turn off（關(guān)閉）turn right（向右轉(zhuǎn)）turn left（向左轉(zhuǎn)）wait for（等候/等待）附表十一常見詞匯1、head （頭）2、hair （頭發(fā)）3、ear （耳朵）4、eye （眼

16、睛）5、nose （鼻子）6、mouth （口、嘴）7、arms （臂）8、hands （手）9、legs （腿）10、feet （腳）teacher worker tailor nurse actor教師 工人 裁縫 護(hù)士 演員mechanic coach salesgirl salesman技工 教練 女售貨員 售貨員doctor dentist policeman waiter醫(yī)生 牙醫(yī) 警察 服務(wù)員driver sailor cook engineer駕駛員 水手 廚師 工程師bat bear bee bird deer fox frog giraffe lion蝙蝠 熊 蜜蜂 鳥 鹿

17、 狐貍 青蛙 長(zhǎng)頸鹿 獅子goldfish goose kangaroo monkey ox pig horse金魚 鵝 袋鼠 猴子 牛 豬 馬tiger tortoise zebra hen cock老虎 烏龜 斑馬 母雞 公雞coat T-shirt skirt sweater jacket vest外套 體恤衫 裙子 毛衣（運(yùn)動(dòng)衫）夾克 汗衫suit blouse dress trousers jeans sock西服 女襯衫 連衣裙 褲子 牛仔褲 短襪shoe glove hat cap 鞋 手套 禮帽 帽子附表十二日常交際用語(yǔ)1、打招呼、問候、介紹1）打招呼、問候及應(yīng)答Good Mo

18、rning!(Morning!)Good afternoon!Good evening!Hello/Hi!How are you?How do you do?(Its)Nice/Good to see you.(Im)Glad to see/meet you.Good Morning!(Morning!)Good afternoon!Good evening!Hello/Hi!(Im)Fine/Very well, thank you.How do you do?Nice/Good to see you, too.Glad to see/meet you, too.2）介紹（1）自我介紹Im/

19、My name is（2）介紹別人This is Miss/Mr/Mrs/my friend2、認(rèn)人1）問某人是誰(shuí)及應(yīng)答Whos that?Whos he/she?Is that/this/he/sheThats/ItsHe/She isYes, it/he/she is.No, it/he/she isnt.2）問對(duì)方姓名及應(yīng)答Whats your name?Excuse me. Are you?My name isYes, I am.No, Im not. Im3、認(rèn)物1）問某物是什么及應(yīng)答Whats this/that?Its2）問某些物品是什么及應(yīng)答What are these/tho

20、se/they?Theyre4、祝賀Happy New Year!A happy New Year to you!Merry Christmas!I wish you a happy New Year.Have a good New Year!Happy birthday to you!(And the) Same to you.And I wish you the same.Thanks. And you too.Thanks. And you too.Thanks. And you too.Thank you very much.5、來(lái)自（某地）Where are you/they fro

21、m?Where do you come from?Where does he/she come from?Are you/they from?Is he/she/it from?Im fromWe/They are fromI/We come fromHe/She comes fromYes, I am. (Yes, we/they are.)No, Im not. (No, we/they are not.)Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it isnt.6、職業(yè)What do you/they do?What does he/she do?Are you a (t

22、eacher)?Is he/she a (driver)?Are they (worker)?Im (a pupil).We/They are (pupils).He/She is a (doctor).Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)Yes, he/she is. (No, he/she isnt.)Yes, they are. (No, they are not.)7、能力Can you (swim/dance)?Can he dance?Who can (do this)?What can you/he do?Yes, I can. (No, I cant.)Yes,

23、 he can. (No, he cant.)I/We/He can.I/He can (cook).8、所屬Whose (pen) is this?Whose is this/that (pen)?Whose (books) are these?Whose are these/those (books)?Is this yours?Are these yours?Its (mine/yours).Its (his/hers).Theyre (mine/ours).Theyre (theirs).Yes, it is. (No, it isnt.)Yes, they are. (No, the

24、y are not.)9、擁有1）表示某人擁有I/You/We/They have (got)He/She/It has (got)2）問對(duì)方是否有Have you (got)?Yes, I have.No, I havent. (Sorry, I havent.)Yes, I do. (No, I dont.)10、時(shí)間1）問鐘點(diǎn)What time is it (now)?Whats the time, (please)?Its (ten).Its time for (school/class/lunch/home/TV/bed).2）問星期幾What day is today?What d

25、ay is it today?Is it (Saturday) today?Its (Thursday).Yes, it is.3）問日期Whats the date today?Its (May 4th).11、天氣Whats the weather today?Its (fine/cloudy).Whats the weather like in (Beijing)?12、外觀What is it like?What is he/she like?Its (small).He/She is (young).13、顏色What color is it?Its (red/blue).14、位置

26、（地點(diǎn)）Where is it?Where is he/she?Where are they?Its in/on/under/beside (the desk).He/She is in (the office).They are in (the classroom).15、數(shù)量How many (books) do you have?How much (beer) do you (want)?(Three/Ten.)(Two glasses/bottles.)How much is it?How much are they?Its (five yuan).They are (thirty y

27、uan).16、意愿What do you want?What would you like?Do you want (a new bike)?Would you like (a cup of tea)?What do you want to do?What would you like to do?What are you going to do?I want (a new bike).Id like (a cup of coffee).Yes, I do.Yes, please.I want to (help him).Id like to (see her).Im going to (p

28、lay chess).17、求助（請(qǐng)求）Can/Could you help me?Can/Could you (pass me)?Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course.Im afraid I cant. /Im sorry I cant.Will/Would you please (give/lend me)?Please (post the letter/read the letter for me).18、勸告Youd better (go to the doctor).You should (go to see her).19、警告Look out!Be ca

29、reful!Watch (the cup).(A car is coming)(Dont cut your finger.)(Dont drop it.)20、禁止Dont (speak loudly).(The baby is sleeping.)You mustnt (smoke here).21、請(qǐng)求允許Can/May/Could I (use your pen)?Yes./Of course./Certainly./No, olease dont./Im afrid not./Im afraid you cont.22、建議Lets (go together).Shall we (go

30、 now)?What/How about (going for a walk)?All right./OK./Great./Thats a good idea.Sorry, I cant./Im afraid Icant.Wed better (hurry).23、征求看法What do you think of (the book)?What do you think of (the man)?Its (nice/good).Hes (very kind).What about (the book)?Do you like it?24、喜好Do you like/love (football

31、)?Does he/she like (football)?What do you like best?Whats your hobby?Yes, I do. (No, I dont.)Yes, he/she does. (No, he/she doesnt)I like (football) best.(Collecting stamps.)25、打電話Hello, May/Can/Could I speak to (Mr. White)?Whos that/speaking/calling, please?This is (Tom) speaking.Its (Mary) here.Hol

32、d on, please.(Wait for) a moment/a minute, please.Sorry,but hes out/she isnt in.(Its) For you. /Its your phone call.26、邀請(qǐng)Would you like to (go with us)?Will you join us?Certainly. /With pleasure.Yes, Id like to/love to.Will you come? Sorry, I cant. /Im afraid I cant. /Id love to,butPlease be here (a

33、t ten/before lunch).27、約會(huì)Are you free (tonight)?When will you be free?Shall we (go to park tomorrow)?When and where shall we meet?(Next week.)All right. /OK./Great. /Thats a good idea.Sorry, I cant. / Im afraid I cant.(At the school gate after school. /In my house at nine.)28、問路和指路How can I get to (the station)?Could/Can you tell me the way to (Beijing Zoo)?Do you know the way to (the