優(yōu)秀教學(xué)案定語從句

1、 定語從句（復(fù)習(xí)課） 一、熱點考點回顧 一、基本概念 （一） 定語從句 在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 （二） 先行詞 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。一般情況下，定語從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。 （三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。與先行詞關(guān)系密切，因此緊跟先行詞，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where和why。在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。 （四）分類：限制性定語從句和

2、非限制性定語從句 1，限制性定語從句：用來修飾和限制先行詞，是復(fù)合句中不可缺少的組成部分。若將它去掉，先行詞的意思就不明確，主句也不完整。 Eg: I know the girl that attened the party. 我知道參加聚會的那個女孩。 I met someone who said he knew you. 我遇到一個說認(rèn)識你的人。 He came from a family which was very poor. 他來自一個貧窮的家庭。 2，非限制性定語從句：對先行詞的附加說明，說若省去也不影響主句的意思，它和主句之間常用逗號隔開。 Eg: His mother, who

3、 loves him very much, is strict with him. 他的媽媽很愛他，對他很嚴(yán)格。 China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 成立于1949年的中國變得越來越強大。 二、關(guān)系代詞的用法 （一）基本用法 根據(jù)先行詞的不同，和在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，選用不同的關(guān)系代詞。 關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注 關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語，賓語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和

4、that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主語，賓語 A plane is a machine that

5、 can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主語，賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主語，賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略 關(guān)系副詞 when

6、時間 時間狀語 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 可用on which where 地點 地點狀語 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因狀語 I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 可用for which 例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech nex

7、t week? （作主語） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主語） The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作賓語） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作賓語） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on wit

8、hout delay. （作定語） 注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時可以省略，充當(dāng)主語時則不能。（見上例） （二）關(guān)系代詞that代替which的一些情況 which, that 在代替物時，一般可以通用，但在有些情況下，只用 that。 先行詞是最高級形容詞或它的前面有最高級形容詞修飾時。 This is the best that has been used against pollution . English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years . 先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個序

9、數(shù)詞時。 This is the last place (that) I want to visit . It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen . 先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代詞時。 You should hand in all that you have . We havent got much that we can offer you . 先行詞前面有the only, the very

10、, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修飾時。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情況 先行詞是one, ones, anyone時。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtn

11、t to know it . 先行詞是those時。 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）其它情況 先行詞既有人又有物時。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已

12、有疑問詞who 或which時。 Which is the bike that you lost ? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting ? （五）與whose有關(guān)的問題 whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen . Please show me the book whose cover is red . 當(dāng)whose表示物與物的所有格關(guān)系時，亦可用of which的形式。 The building whose roof you can see from

13、 here is a new restaurant. The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介詞前提的問題 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語時，介詞可以前提至關(guān)系代詞前。 Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介詞 with的賓語

14、） Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介詞前提后，先行詞是人或物，關(guān)系代詞分別只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 介詞前提后，關(guān)系代詞不再能省略。 有些含有介詞的短語動詞中的介詞不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 錯誤：Who is the old man to that you were talking to? 正確：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Wh

15、o is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? 錯誤：These are the sheep of which the boy took care. 正確：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中的主謂一致 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞一致。 Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going

16、to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. All that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study . Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam . 例中的all意為“一切”，作單數(shù)。例中沒通過考試的學(xué)生事實上只有一人，因此謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。 五、that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別： 情況 用法說明 例

17、句 只用that的情況 1先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。 2先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered little, no, some, few等修3先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修4先行詞既指人又指物時 5先行詞被the only, the very修6句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復(fù)時 have been given ou

18、t. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情況 1在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3先行詞

19、本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 二、典型例題 1. We went through a period _communications were very difficult in rural area

20、s. (2008) A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which 2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make

21、way for agricultural had to provide food for more people. (2008) A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (2008) A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. You can only be sure of _ you h

22、ave at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 6. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006) A. who, / B. /; who C. who, who D. /; /

23、 7. The Beatles _ many of you are old enough to remember came from Livepool.(2006) A. what B. that C. how D. as 8. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006) A. where B. when C. which D. what 9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I cou

24、ld recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come.（ 2006 卷） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 10. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that Key : 1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CDCDA 三、課堂練習(xí) 1.The place _int

25、erested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you kn

26、ow the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken plac

27、e in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which yo

28、u talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11. Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. (2006) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 12. The schools themselves a

29、dmit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (2005) A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 13. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004全國) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 14. George Orwell,

30、 _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004全國) A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 15. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. (2004) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that Key: 1-5 ACDC

31、A 6-10 CAAAA 11-15 DDCDA 四、課后作業(yè) 1. If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the students

32、_ a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6.It is important that you

33、_ sports every day. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. I

34、f had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay Key: 1-

35、5 CCADC 6-10 ABADA 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 120 各題所給的 4 個選項中選出最佳選項。 Entering the drama room I am immediately surrounded by the familiar sights, smells and sounds. Streaks(條紋，線條) of light cast by the blinds of the tall _1_ send shafts(桿狀物) of light through the dusty air. I take a _2_ and the concrete and pai

36、nt _3_ tickle my nose. I _4_ everything about this room. Some of the _5_ times of my life have been spent here. Its ironic(諷刺的), but the _6_ is the only place where I feel that I dont have to _7_ to be someone Im not. Like many teenagers, I almost _8_ think that people are judging me, but when I act

37、, that feeling disappears. People only look at your _9_ ability, not your clothing, money, choice of friends, or any of the other ways people are usually _10_. When Im on stage, everything else vanishes(消失). All the worries and _11_ of the outside world are put on hold. Nervousness is still present,

38、 _12_ its the excited and tingly kind, not the queasy(不穩(wěn)定的) _13_ of being different and alone. I _14_ love to work backstage and on lighting. I _15_ you could find another girl who would work on a ladder _16_ her elbows in cables and dust and love every second of it. It makes me unique and gives me

39、a sense of _17_ to know that I succeed in an area where _18_ othersand virtually(事實上) no girlsdo. High school is a difficult atmosphere, to put it _19_. Like others, Im often insecure(不安的), not _20_ who I am or where Im going in life. Wherever that may be, I will always have the confidence I get fro

40、m theater. 1. A. doors B. windows C. roofs D. walls 2. A. last look B. long walk C. short breath D. deep breath 3. A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. looks 4. A. hate B. love C. miss D. forget 5. A. worst B. tiring C. best D. better 6. A. room B. office C. building D. stage 7. A. pretend B. expect C.

41、want D. decide 8. A. hardly B. seriously C. constantly D. happily 9. A. acting B. speaking C. moving D. repeating 10. A. thought of B. judged C. taken care of D. feeling 11. A. happiness B. anxieties C. chances D. pressures 12. A. and B. however C. but D. though 13. A. feeling B. idea C. hope D. fac

42、t 14. A. seldom B. almost C. relatively D. absolutely 15. A. hope B. doubt C. think D. suspect 16. A. up for B. out at C. up to D. down to 17. A. pride B. duty C. humor D. sight 18. A. few B. many C. a few D. some 19. A. cruelly B. tensely C. friendly D. mildly 20. A. fond of B. afraid for C. sure o

43、f D. interested in 【答案與解析】 1. B 句意為“透過高大的窗戶上的百葉窗，照射到空氣中的灰塵里，被分割成條狀的光束”。故答案選 B。 2. D take a deep breath 意為“深呼吸”，與下空有關(guān)。 3. A 只有“氣味”刺鼻(tickle my nose)，首句有提示。 4. B 縱觀下文和全文主題句(尾句)可知答案選 B。miss 意為“想念”，作者已在現(xiàn)場，故不妥。 5. C 根據(jù)上下文語境和上空可知答案應(yīng)選 C。(from .nmet168.) 6. D 根據(jù)首句中的 the drama room 和第 3 段中的 when Im on stage

44、可知答案應(yīng)選 D。 7. A 舞臺是假裝(演戲)的地方，此處是轉(zhuǎn)折句，故答案選 A。 8. C 句意為“像很多年輕人一樣，我不停地想到人們在評判我，但是當(dāng)我演出時，這種感覺沒有了”。but之后是時間狀語，故其前也應(yīng)是時間副詞，故答案選 C。 9. A 根據(jù)上文的 when I act 可知答案應(yīng)選 A。 10. B 根據(jù)前文的提示 people are judging me 可知答案選 B。 11. D 句意為“我所擔(dān)心的和來自外界的壓力都被制止了”，故答案選D。 12.C / 13. A 這是一個意義上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折的并列分句。句意為“緊是肯定的，但是也很刺激，很讓人興奮，不是那種與眾不同的孤單的

45、感覺”。 14. D relatively 意為“相對地，比較地”，absolutely 意為“絕對地，完全地”。根據(jù)下文可知應(yīng)選 D。句意為“我非常喜歡在后臺工作，還有上臺表演”。 15. B doubt 表示“懷疑其無”，suspect 表示“懷疑其有”。句意為“我估計沒有別的女孩愿意在滿是繩索和灰塵的梯子上工作，而我卻非常喜歡”。故答案選 B。 16.C elbow 意為“肘”。be up to the elbow in 意為“埋頭于，專心于”，out at elbows 意為“衣衫襤褸的；貧困的”。故答案選 C。 17. A / 18. A 句意為“我能夠在一個很少有人(尤其女孩)能勝

46、任的領(lǐng)域里很成功，這讓我覺得自己很獨特，讓我很自豪”。故答案選 A。 19. D cruelly 意為“殘忍地”，tensely 意為“緊地”，friendly 意為“友好的”，mildly 意為“溫柔地”。故答案選 D。 20. C 句意為“跟其他人一樣，我也經(jīng)常覺得不安，不知道我是誰，不知道將來會發(fā)生什么”。故答案選 C。 Museums have changedThey are no longer places that one “should”go but to enjoy At a science museum in Canada，you can feel your hair sta

47、nd on end as harmless electricity passes through your bodyAt the Childrens Museum in New York，you can play an African drumThere are no “Do Not Touch” sing in some other museum in the USA More and more museum directors have realized that people learn best when they can become part of what they are se

48、eingIn many science museums，the visitors are encouraged to touch，listen，operate and experiment so as to discover scientific rules for themselves The purpose is not only to provide fun，but also help people feel at home in the world 0f scienceIf people dont understand science，they will be afraid of it

49、；and if they are afraid of science，they will not make the best use of it One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and spare timeAnother cause is the growing number of young people in the populationMany of them are college students of college graduatesThey see things in a new and diff

50、erent wayThey want art that they can take part inThe same is true of science and history The old museums have been changing and the government is encouraging the building of new，modern museumsIn the States and Canada，there are more than 6000 museums，almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. 1

51、The directors of the museums have realized . Athe importance of scientific rules Bpeople 1earn best when they look at something CVisitors prefer to learn from museums Dpeople are interested if they take part 2why has the growing population of young people caused the changes in museums? ABecause ther

52、e are more young people BBecause they are stronger CBecause they have less spare time DBecause they are better educated 3Twenty-five years ago there were only about museums in all the United States and Canada A3500 B2000 C3000 D6000 4Which of the following is not shown in Paragraph Two? APeople shou

53、ld go to a museum to learn something BPeople are encouraged to take part in what they are seeing CPeople are enjoying themselves fully in modern museums D.People will understand science better by trying to discover the scientific rules themselves the chances are that you made up your mind about smok

54、ing a 1ong time ago-and decided its not for you The chances are equally good that you know a 1ot of smokers there are，after all about 60 million of them，work with them，play with them，and get along with them very well And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokers or you wouldnt be reading this And those three things make you really important today Because they mean that yours is the voice-not the smokers，and not the