基于單片機的智能水表的設(shè)計外文翻譯、中英對照、英漢互譯

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（外文翻譯）題 目 基于單片機智能水表的設(shè)計 學(xué)生姓名 專業(yè)班級 09 電子科學(xué)與技術(shù)3班 學(xué) 號 指導(dǎo)教師(職稱) 鄭州科技學(xué)院電氣工程學(xué)院二一三年五月外文翻譯外文翻譯原文：based on single chip microcomputer intelligent water meter design一、single-chip microcomputer1.singlechip application singlechip application domain singlechip widely applies in the instrument measuring appli

2、ance, the domestic electric appliances, the medical equipment, domain and so on aerospace, special purpose equipment intellectualized management and process control, may divide the following several categories approximately: on intelligent instrument measuring appliance application singlechip has th

3、e volume small, the power loss low, the control function strong, the expansion is nimble, merit and so on microminiaturization and easy to operate, widely applies in the instrument measuring appliance, the union different type sensor, may realize such as physical quantity the and so on voltage, powe

4、r, frequency, humidity, temperature, current capacity, speed, thickness, angle, length, degree of hardness, element, pressure survey. uses singlechip control to cause the instrument measuring appliance digitization, the intellectualization, the microminiaturization, also the function compares uses t

5、he electron or the digital circuit is more formidable. for example precise measurement equipment (dynamometer, oscilloscope, each kind of analyzer). . in industry control application may constitute the various formats control system, the data acquisition system with singlechip. for example the facto

6、ry assembly line intellectualized management, the elevator intellectualization control, each kind of alarm system, constitutes two cascade control systems with the computer networking and so on. .in domestic electric appliances application may say like this that, the present domestic electric applia

7、nces basically have all used singlechip control, praised, the washer, the electric refrigerator, the air conditioner, the color television, other acoustic video frequency equipments from the electricity food, again to the electronic weighting equipment, all kinds of, omnipresent. .in computer networ

8、k and correspondence domain application of the modern singlechip has the correspondence connection generally, may very conveniently and the computer carries on the data communication,for provided the extremely good physical conditions application in between the computer network and the communication

9、 facility, the present communication facility basically has all realized singlechip intelligence control, from the handset, the telephone, the small program controlled switch, the building automatic correspondence ringing system, the train wireless correspondence, again the mobile phone which everyw

10、here to the routine work in, the colony mobile communication, radio intercom and so on. .singlechip in medical equipment domain application singlechip quite is also widespread inmedical equipment use, for example medical life-support machine, each kind of analyzer, , ultrasound diagnosis equipment a

11、nd hospital bed ringing system and so on. in addition, singlechip in the industry and commerce, the finance, the scientific research, the education, domain and so on national defense aerospace all has the extremely widespread use. 2.singlechip development tendencynow may say singlechip was all flowe

12、rs blooms together, the time which hundred school of thought contended, in the world each big chip manufacture company has all promoted own singlechip, from 8, 16 to 32, innumerable, had everything expected to find, has compatibly with the mainstream c51 series, also had not not compatibly, but they

13、 unique, became mutually supplementarily, provided the broad world for singlechip application. looks over singlechip developing process, may indicate singlechip development tendency, has approximately: low power loss cmos the mcs-51 series 8,031 promotes when the power loss reaches 630mw, but the pr

14、esent singlechip all about 100mw, along with more and more is generally low to singlechip power loss request, the present each singlechip manufacturer basic has all used cmos (complementary metal oxide semiconductor craft). looked like 80c51 to use hmos (namely high density metal oxide compound semi

15、conductor craft) and chmos (supplementary high density metal oxide compound semiconductor craft). cmos although power loss low, but because its physical characteristic decides its working speed insufficiently high, but chmos then had has been high speed and the low power loss characteristic, these c

16、haracteristics, suited in are requesting the low power loss likely battery power supply the application situation. therefore this kind of craft will be the main way which the next section of times singlechip will develop. miniature monolithic now the conventional singlechip all is generally the cent

17、ral processor (cpu), the random access data storage (ram), the read-only program memory (rom), parallel and the serial communication connection, the interruption system, the timing circuit, the clock electric circuit integration on together the sole chip, the enlargement mode singlechip integrated l

18、ike a/the d switch, pmw (pulse-duration modulation electric circuit), wdt (watch-dog), some singlechips (liquid crystal) actuate lcd the electric circuit all to integrate on the sole chip, such singlechip contains unit electric circuit more, the function is more formidable. even singlechip merchant

19、also may act according to the user requiremnet the body custom make, makes has oneself characteristic singlechip chip. in addition, present product universal demand volume small, weight light, this requests singlechip strong and the power loss is low besides the function, but also requests its volum

20、e to have to be small. present many singlechips all have the many kinds of seals form, smd (superficial seal) more and more receives welcome, to enable the system which constitutes by singlechip towards the microminiaturized direction to develop.mainstream and multi- varieties coexistence now althou

21、gh singlechip variety is many, unique, but still as the core singlechip occupies the mainstream take 80c51, the compatible its structure and the command system have philips corporation the product, the atmel corporations product and the chinese taiwans winbond series singlechip. therefore c8051 was

22、the core singlechip occupied the half of the country. but microchip corporations pic simplified the set of instructions (risc) also to have the strong development tendency, the chinese taiwans holtek corporation recent years singlechip output grows day by day, if the low price nature superior superi

23、ority, occupied a certain market minute volume. in addition also has motorola corporation the product, the japaneseseveral big companies special-purpose singlechips. in the certain time, this kind of situation will be able to continue, will not have the monopoly aspect which some singlechip unified,

24、 will walk will be depends on for existence supplementarily, will complement one another, the communal development path.二、intelligent water meter designlong-term since, our country residence water meter are arranged on the indoor kitchen or toilet water concentration, the water more and scattered re

25、sidences, sometimes even a indoor set more than one meter. in recent years, water meter is arranged on the indoor and caused many problems cause the attention of people increasingly: home meter reading disturbs people s normal life and may lead to residential burglary, privacy and safety not guarant

26、eed: management of meter reading meter reading is not easy and large labor intensity: individual user steals water management departments to prevent and punish and so on. because of these problems, water production has become an inevitable choice. therefore, the newly revised national standard ( cod

27、e for design of building water supply gbj15-88article 2.5.8: residential building should be installed in household water meter, household water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. meter households generally have the following ways: household water meter concent

28、rated in the roof ( water supply ) or the underlying space ( water supply ). this mode is often used for multi-stormy residential. in general a unit provided with a ladder of water meter water meter well ( box ), household water pipe along the interior tube or building wall into the indoor. the util

29、ity model has the advantages of convenient reading; reading, low labor intensity of workers, can avoid users water behavior. disadvantages are: material consumption, head loss of pipeline, occupying larger space pipeline well, such as a wall is easy to affect the appearance of the building, the user

30、 branches not easy maintenance. meter is arranged on the stair landing platform. vertical water supply pipe is arranged on the platform, each provided with a water tank; the water meter box embedded platform resting on both sides of the wall. the utility model has the advantages of: user branches sh

31、ort, saving material, low head loss of pipeline, the shortcoming is: water dispersed settings, meter reading personnel of great labor intensity; usually indoor fire hydrant box is installed on a platform, so that the already crowded rest platform more cramped, traffic inconvenience to the residents.

32、each layer is meter centralized meter room, household water meter on the wall. the utility model has the advantages of the same with b, the disadvantages are: household pipeline must follow the public walkway under floor into interior and corridors, ceiling requirements. will be the traditional ordi

33、nary mechanical water meter changes for telemetering water meter or ic card intelligent water meter. remote water meter accurate calculation without reading, this form must be a deposit a certain amount of water, will recharge after insertion of the ic card water meter reading can be water. because

34、the remote water meter and ic card table relatively expensive and technically still exist certain problems, hence in practice has not been widely applied. above a few kinds of water-meter, each has its advantages and disadvantages, concrete in practical engineering design in which way, by the design

35、 staff according to residential properties, grades and local industry management department requirement.1.2water supply pipe arrangement and laying. at present, to build the house in one hutch two defend very general already, even with some houses one hutch three defend one hutch four defend, kitche

36、n, toilet, the balcony, and each water using point locations are more dispersed. user branches to water points along the interior floor pipeline such as hanging, inevitable requirement set indoor ceiling, wall should also have the anti-condensation measures to bring inconvenience, household decorati

37、on, after all, not all tenants wanted to ceiling. ( the building water supply and drainage design specification ) gb15 2000(manuscript ) as specified in article 3.6.18, water supply pipe should be laid in the floor ( ground ) surface of the leveling layer or along the wall laying pipe groove, laying

38、 the leveling layer or the tube groove water supplying pipe outside diameter is less than 25mm. in fact, if connected to two or more than two water points, water supply branch pipe are connected together in series, the pipe diameter is more than 25mm. therefore, in order to meet the specification re

39、quirements, water supply branch door after access water separator, a water segregator dark kitchen or bathroom wall, through the diversion device connected to each water using point branch pipe diameter can be controlled under 25mm. but it should be noted: a leveling layer water supply pipe after co

40、mpletion of construction, should be in the position to do the obvious markers, lest the household decoration, destruction of water supply pipeline.skyscraper water gauge the open air set up following severa kinds of forms: whether 1.adopt far it pass by water gauge change the ordinary water gauge in

41、to and pass the water gauge far, is joined the water gauge and data gathering machine by a signal line, and then reach intelligence to manage( the computer). its merit lies in saving a large amount of people strength comes to check meter, the data are accurate, the shortcoming is that the fabricatio

42、n cost is high. whether adopt magnetic stripe card of by water gauge users buy the electronic card of the running water company in advance , then insert it in the storing device of the water gauge, card amount of money deduct automatically on the water, this way user need to prepay the water rate, t

43、he price of the water gauge is relatively high. adopt it set up at the open air water gauge not ordinary 1)the water gauge is set up in the stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform. household watersupply to prop up and manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after the water gauge is measured.

44、way this realize water gauge produce room set up, equivalence low project have , supply water and set up and in charge of and set up with water gauge office results in aesthetic problems in stair. it suitable for the south warm district kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of positions of st

45、aircase. 2)the water gauge concentrates on being set up among the water gauges( meter box). person who give when supplying water, set up water gauge in ground floor( meter box) on falling, every household watersupply to prop up and is in charge of applying having in the pipeline well, southern area

46、can overcast horn place lay along the outer wall in building too; person who give when supplying water, can set up water gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. this way increases and supplies water to prop up in charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and influence building to be beautiful along ou

47、ter wall. water gauge produce way choice that family assign, must combine house kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and concrete request of developer, carry on to several feasibility scheme the above economic technology fix after comparing. property well-managed medium-to-high grade commod

48、ity apartment of housing district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far , it is that the water gauge will use the developing direction in the future; estate management perfect medium- to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt magnetic stripe card water gauge( company have th

49、is kind district of business can design in running water) or concentrate on setting up it among the water gauges( case); southern area unit type house can set up rest platform office in stair with ordinary water gauge, in order to reduce the fabrication cost. 12外文翻譯基于單片機的智能水表的設(shè)計一、單片機1.單片機的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域單片機廣泛應(yīng)

50、用于儀器儀表、家用電器、醫(yī)用設(shè)備、航空航天、專用設(shè)備的智能化管理及過程控制等領(lǐng)域，大致可分如下幾個范疇：在智能儀器儀表上的應(yīng)用單片機具有體積小、功耗低、控制功能強、擴展靈活、微型化和使用方便等優(yōu)點，廣泛應(yīng)用于儀器儀表中，結(jié)合不同類型的傳感器，可實現(xiàn)諸如電壓、功率、頻率、濕度、溫度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、長度、硬度、元素、壓力等物理量的測量。采用單片機控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用電子或數(shù)字電路更加強大。例如精密的測量設(shè)備（功率計，示波器，各種分析儀）。在工業(yè)控制中的應(yīng)用用單片機可以構(gòu)成形式多樣的控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。例如工廠流水線的化智 管理，電梯智能化控制、各種報

51、警系統(tǒng)，與計算機聯(lián)網(wǎng)構(gòu)成二級控制系統(tǒng)等。在家用電器中的應(yīng)用可以這樣說，現(xiàn)在的家用電器基本上都采用了單片機控制，從電飯褒、洗衣機、電 冰箱、空調(diào)機、彩電、其他音響視頻器材、再到電子秤量設(shè)備，五花八門，無所不在。在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代的單片機普遍具備通信接口，可以很方便地與計算機進行數(shù)據(jù)通信，為在計算 機智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信設(shè)備間的應(yīng)用提供了極好的物質(zhì)條件，現(xiàn)在的通信設(shè)備基本上都實現(xiàn)了單片機控制，從手機、電話機、小型程控交換機、樓宇自動通信呼叫系統(tǒng)、列車無線通信、再到日常工作中隨處可見的移動電話，集群移動通信，無線電對講機等。單片機在醫(yī)用設(shè)備領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用單片機在醫(yī)用設(shè)備中的用途亦相當廣泛，例

52、如醫(yī)用呼吸機，各種分析儀，監(jiān)護儀，超聲診斷設(shè)備及病床呼叫系統(tǒng)等等。此外，單片機在工商，金融，科研、教育，國防航空航天等領(lǐng)域都有著十分廣泛的用途。2.單片機的發(fā)展趨勢現(xiàn)在可以說單片機是百花齊放，百家爭鳴的時期，世界上各大芯片制造公司都推出了自己的單片機，從8位、16位到32位，數(shù)不勝數(shù)，應(yīng)有盡有，有與主流c51系列兼容的，也有不兼容的，但它們各具特色，互成互補，為單片機的應(yīng)用提供廣闊的天地。縱觀單片機的發(fā)展過程，可以預(yù)示單片機的發(fā)展趨勢，大致有：低功耗cmos mcs-51系列的8031推出時的功耗達630mw，而現(xiàn)在的單片機普遍都在100mw左右，隨著對單片機功耗要求越來越低，現(xiàn)在的各個單片機

53、制造商基本都采用了cmos(互 補金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體工藝)。80c51就采用了hmos(即高密度金屬氧化阿物半導(dǎo)體工藝)像和chmos(互補高密度金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體工藝)。cmos雖然功耗較低，但由于其物理特征決定其工作速度不夠高，而chmos則具備了高速和低功耗的特點，這些特征，更適合于在要求低功耗像電池供電的應(yīng)用場合。所以這種工藝將是今后一段時期單片機發(fā)展的主要途徑。微型單片化現(xiàn)在常規(guī)的單片機普遍都是將中央處理器(cpu)、隨機存取數(shù)據(jù)存儲(ram)、只讀程序存儲器(rom)、并行和串行通信接口，中斷系統(tǒng)、定時電路、時鐘電路 集成在一塊單一的芯片上，增強型的單片機集成了如a/d轉(zhuǎn)換器、pmw(

54、脈寬調(diào)制電路)、wdt(看門狗)、有些單片機將、lcd(液晶)驅(qū)動電路都集成在單一的芯片上，這樣單片機包含的單元電路就更多，功能就越強大。甚至單片機廠商還可以根據(jù)用戶的要求量身定做，制造出具有自己特色的單片機芯片。此外，現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)品普遍要求體積小、重量輕，這就要求單片機除了功能強和功耗低外，還要求其體積要小。現(xiàn)在的許多單片機都具有多種封裝形式，其中smd(表面封裝)越來越受歡迎，使得由單片機構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng)正朝微型化方向發(fā)展。主流與多品種共存現(xiàn)在雖然單片機的品種繁多，各具特色，但仍以80c51為核心的單片機占主流，兼容其結(jié)構(gòu)和指令系統(tǒng)的有 philips公司的產(chǎn)品，atmel公司的產(chǎn)品和中國臺灣的winbond系列單片機。所以c8051為核心的外文翻譯單片機占據(jù)了半壁江山。而microchip公司的pic精簡指令集(risc)也有著強勁的發(fā)展勢頭，中國臺灣的holtek公司近年的單片