外研版Book3Module1Grammar1PPT

1、被動語態(tài)的定義：被動語態(tài)的定義： 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當主語是謂語主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動語態(tài)；動作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動語態(tài)；當主語當主語是謂語動作的承受者，則為被動語態(tài)。是謂語動作的承受者，則為被動語態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)由助動詞被動語態(tài)由助動詞be + 過去分詞過去分詞構(gòu)構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。表現(xiàn)出來。一一. 何時使用被動語態(tài)何時使用被動語態(tài) 1. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者: His bike was stolen. He was wounded in the figh

2、t. 2. 沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時: Paper is made from wood. Do you know when the building was built?3. 需要強調(diào)動作的承受需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時者時: Pairs is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. This painting was painted by him.二二. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1. be + done構(gòu)成被動構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)語態(tài), done可以帶可以帶by短語。短語。被動語態(tài)發(fā)生時態(tài)變化時被動

3、語態(tài)發(fā)生時態(tài)變化時只變只變be的形式，過去分詞不變的形式，過去分詞不變。 be + done也也可以是系可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式表結(jié)構(gòu)形式, 而而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當于相當于adj.不帶不帶by短短語。語。 Such questions are settled by us. (被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)) The composition is written with great care. (被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)) The question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is well written. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 2. 許多許多verbs

4、(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做既可以用做adj., 也可以在被也可以在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞, 句中如果有句中如果有by, 通常是被動語態(tài)。通常是被動語態(tài)。 I was worried about you all night. (表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài)) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表動作表動作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表動作表動作) The glass is broken. (表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))三三. 不同形式的被動語態(tài)不同形式的被動語態(tài)

5、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)是由一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)是由“am / is / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，如：構(gòu)成，如：Amy is considered to be the best singer in the group.Customers are advised to buy their tickets in advance.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)是由一般過去時的被動語態(tài)是由“was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成，如：，如：The local cinema was closed down three years ago.When t

6、hey got to the police station, they were immediately questioned.溫馨提示溫馨提示 1. 不及物不及物(短語短語)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。2. 某些及物某些及物(短語短語)動詞動詞，如，如have, fit, equal, cost, wish, look like, belong to等等沒有被動語態(tài)沒有被動語態(tài)。如：。如： The book cost him 30 dollars. 3. 某些連系動詞，某些連系動詞，如如look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等等沒有被動語態(tài)沒有被動語態(tài)，常用其

7、常用其主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。如：。如： This kind of food tastes very good.4. 某些動詞某些動詞，如，如sell, lock, wash, open, wear等，若表示主語的性能時，等，若表示主語的性能時，常常用主動形式表示被動意義用主動形式表示被動意義。如：。如： The cloth washes well. 5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：情情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞 + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞。如：如： This book shouldnt be put here. 6. 在在使役動詞

8、使役動詞have, make, let以及以及感官動感官動詞詞see, notice, watch, hear等等后面跟動詞后面跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作賓語補足語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號中不定式符號to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加構(gòu)時，要加to。如：。如： I heard him say good-bye to his friends. (主動主動) He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. (被動被動)7. 被動語態(tài)還可用被動語態(tài)還可用“get +過去分詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：。如： The bo

9、y got hurt on his way to school.Make these sentences passive.1. About a million tourists visit Florence each year. Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year. 2. Ten million people visited London last year. London was visited by ten million people last year. 3. Leonardo da Vinci paint

10、ed the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. 4. Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa was not painted by Picasso. 5. Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China. The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers. - The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an

11、 English architect (Spanish).- No, it wasnt. It was designed by a Spanish architect. Correct the wrong statements.1. The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen. (Paris) No, it isnt. Its located in Paris.2. Paris is situated on the coast. (River Seine) No, it isnt. It is situated on the River Seine.3

12、. Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year. (one million) No, it isnt. It is visited by one million tourists every year. 4. Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization. (Athens) No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization. 5. The Parthenon

13、was built a hundred years ago. (2,400 years ago.) No, it isnt. The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago. 課后練習課后練習將下面主動語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)將下面主動語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài), 每空一詞。每空一詞。1. All the people made fun of him. He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2. The whole country uses electricity widely. Electricity _ _ _ in the whole c

14、ountry.was made fun ofis widely used3. People say that house price will continue to go up in the next few years. _ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4. We expect all the students to come early to school. All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expec

15、ted5. We found him working in the fields when we arrived. He _ _ _ in the fields when we arrived.6. The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays. The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The si

16、ck man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8. People all over the world know Picasso. Picasso _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9. The couple provide money for their son to study abroad. The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10. Eleven players make up a soccer team. A soccer

17、team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of1. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.（2011北京）北京）A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conductedD2. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the word. (2011天津天津) A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being producedB3. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by science. (2011湖南湖南) A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will