2017初中英語定語從句詳解參考word

1、2017年最新一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1通常只能用that的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等時(shí)。2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，the onlythe verythe last等修飾時(shí)。3）如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that?！究祭縒ithout friendship, one cant be happy although he is rich enough. As fo

2、r me, I will never forget the days _ I spent with my dearest friend. 哈爾濱市A. that B. when C. who答案A。解析在定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行詞the days作spent的賓語可判定用that引導(dǎo)。2通常只用which的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which，不用that。(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語從句，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用wh

3、ich引導(dǎo)?！究祭縈any young people love the songs _have great lyrics. 成都市2 / 17A. who B. those C. which答案C。解析考查定語從句。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which，who，where，that，故排除B，who指人，又排除了A，先行詞是物，故選C。二、考查以who，whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語用wh

4、o，作賓語用whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定語從句中，指人作主語用who，作賓語用whom，who。(3)在定語從句中，作定語的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose，它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of +whichwhom；非限制性定語從句中還有 “代詞數(shù)詞+of +whichwhom結(jié)構(gòu)?！究祭齌he man _ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. 廣東省A. who B. whose C. which D. whom答案A。解析本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為the man，指人，排除which；連接代詞

5、在從句中作主語，排除 whose和whom。故本題選who。-Do you know the man _is running along the street?-Yes. He is our English teacher. 長沙市A. who B. which C. whom答案A。解析考查定語從句。限制性定語從句，如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系who，有時(shí)用 that(作主語時(shí)用who較多)。三、考查關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句它們相當(dāng)于“介詞+which，其中where=inat +which；when=atinduring +which；why=for +which。(1

6、)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。（2）關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。(3)關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞。【考例】 (2009綿陽中考)Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and charactersAwhich Bwhere Cthat D when答案：B點(diǎn)撥：此題考查

7、定語從句。先行詞為an amusement park指地點(diǎn)，故關(guān)系詞用where。 五、對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”，指人則用“介詞+whom，且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定?！究祭緿o you know the young lady _your mother is talking? (湖北黃石)A. who B. whom C. with whom D. wh

8、ich答案：C命題立意：本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。試題解析：先行詞為the young lady，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C。【語法回顧】在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）或關(guān)系副詞(when, where)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞、副詞作用先行詞例句that， wh

9、o，whom(只做賓語)主語、賓語、表語人Do you know the girl whothat is standing under a tree?你知道站在樹下的女孩是誰嗎?that，which主語、賓語、表語物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因She got a computer whichthat her parents bought for her她有一臺(tái)她的父母買給她的電腦。whose定語人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。The classroom whose window is open is

10、 mine窗戶開著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。when狀語時(shí)間I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語地點(diǎn)This is the school where my mother works這就是我媽媽工作的學(xué)校。why狀語原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略)：1that指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。This is the pen that you

11、are looking for. 這是你要找的那支鋼筆。(賓語)The girl that has long hair is my sister.留著長發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語）2which指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好。（主語）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。(賓語)3who, whom指人，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎

12、窗戶的男孩叫Tom. （主語）The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(賓語)4whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。(指人)He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情況：1在介詞后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robb

13、ery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.鐘表是用來報(bào)時(shí)的。四、只用that不用which的情況：1先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 這是我所見過的最美麗的山。2先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說是

14、39級(jí)臺(tái)階。3. 先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.這就是我所有的書。This is the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。4先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in every

15、thing that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。6先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that。This is the one that you want.這就是你想要的。7在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？五、在介詞后

16、只能用whom，不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來自美國的。六、定語從句中主謂一致的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是眾多來自美國的男孩中的一個(gè)。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一從美國來的男孩。七、定語從句中的

17、介詞與副詞的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。(定語從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。)He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書。八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用：1when指時(shí)間：I will never forget the time when we worked on the fa

18、rm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們在農(nóng)場勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光。2where指地點(diǎn)(where=in等介詞which)：This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.這是他去年住的房子。九、定語從句與作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語的轉(zhuǎn)換：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在車上

19、的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過來了?！菊Z法過關(guān)】1. -Do you like the pop singer? -No, I prefer the singe

20、r _can sing folk music.A. which B. who C. where D. how2. The man _is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle.A. who B. whom C. which D. /3Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which4 -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. whic

21、h B. whose C. where D. who5The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that6-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which7I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B.

22、 whom C. which D. who8Im looking at the photograph _ you sent me with your letter. A. who B. whomC. whichD. it 9I hate people dont help others when they are in trouble. Awho Bwhich Cthey10 -Barbara, where do you work?-I work for a company _sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who11Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which12The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that【參考答案】1B解析考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的掌握