2020年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級真題及答案

1、2020 年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類 A 級真題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項 （第115題，每題 1分，共 15分）下面每個句子中均有 1 個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部 分確定 1 個意義最為接近的選項。1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened3 The woman livin

2、g next door is extremely slender.A slim B tall C weak D pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almost B probably C evidently D completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking about B took advantage ofC paid no attention to D cared nothing about6 I have to apolog

3、ize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A late B sudden C unfriendly D untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decision B mistake C promise D plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predict B think C suggest D argue9 My room

4、 is really very cosy.A cool B cold C clean D comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curious B courteous C quiet D shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complained B talked C wrote D spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A held B embrace

5、d C kissed D patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentences B comments C theories D conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageous B angry C greedy D glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A att

6、end B celebrate C chair D prepare第 2 部分：閱讀判斷 （ 第 16 22 題，每題 1 分，共 7 分 ）下面的短文后列出了 7 個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做 出判斷：如果該句提供的是準(zhǔn)確信息，請選擇 A; 如果該句提供的是錯 誤信息，請選擇 B; 如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇 C。One-Third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child deve

7、lopment,including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds.For instance, the study found that many the difference between right and wrong, and with other children.parents dont know that l-year-olds cant tell often dont cooperate or share when pla

8、yingThe results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University ofRochester Medical Center in New York. They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development, and the

9、y were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody. Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents-98. 6 percent of whom were mothers-of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey ,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a babys

10、development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted t

11、he statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy healthy interactions with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause various problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expe

12、ct an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.A mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant （反抗的 ） , and could respond withharsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and

13、 repetition of that pattern over time, Paradis said. That could hinder the childs potential for full growth and development.One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents. By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just th

14、ose who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,she said. It can ultimately lead to better parenting. 16 A majority of parents of babies know little about child development.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong

15、.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.A Right B Wron

16、g C Not mentioned21 Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子 ( 第 23 30 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 項測試任務(wù)： (1) 第 2326 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為第 25 段每段選擇 1個標(biāo)題;(2) 第 27

17、30題要求從所給的 6個選項中為每 個句子確定 1 個選項。The Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believe

18、d that bats are the primary carrier of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a majoroutbreak ： Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently

19、visited one of the three affected West African countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne viral outbreaks like SARS ,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola isspread through contact with

20、 body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three week

21、s after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammato

22、ry response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clottingmechanism （ 凝血機(jī)制 ）, making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion （灌注 ）ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadl

23、iest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria （瘧疾 ） arefar more communicable, Ebola is one of the worlds mostfatal viral infections; Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.23 Paragraph224 Paragraph325 Paragraph426 Paragraph 5A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?B How

24、 do I know if I have contracted the virus?C What caused the Ebola outbreak?D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?E Is the current outbreak the deadliest?F What areas are currently affected?27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in29 The sym

25、ptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact withA infected body fluidsB the mode of transmissionC within a wide range of daysD three countries in West AfricaE against the outbreak severityF the initial days of being infected第4部分：閱讀理解 （第3145題，每題

26、3分，共 45分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每 題確定 1 個選項。第一篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university ,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results

27、were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science( PNAS). The study involved l. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngesters took right after they started ser

28、ving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. Being fit means that you also

29、 have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen, says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscularstrength.

30、 We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a higher IQ.We have also shown that those youngsters who i

31、mprove their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance, says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health center. This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolut

32、e must if we want to do well in math and other theoretical subjects. The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secu

33、red more qualified jobs.31 The researchers in this study come fromA Aby health centre.B the Swedish army.C the National Academy of Science.32 Which of the following is an indication of physical fitness?A Brain size.B Good lung capacity.C Clear logical thinking.D Muscular strength.33 By enhancing phy

34、sical fitness, one could improve the following EXCEPTA emotional behavior.B cognitive performance.C heart capacity.D verbal comprehension.34 The study findings include the following EXCEPT thatA growth factors are significant for a persons IQ.B young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests.

35、C young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ.D youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education.35 The word secured in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA insured. B assured. C obtained. D studied第二篇Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15

36、million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed （害羞的 ） andoften misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more beforeseeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Associati

37、on of America reports. Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations, Jerilyn Ross, the Associations president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations

38、 and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves ,Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friendships and romantic partnerships, sh

39、e said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted.But they feel powerless to do anything about it, she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic （ 心靈創(chuàng)傷的 ） Stress Disorde

40、rs and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on, Pollack said. The typical age of onset （開始） is earlyadolescence, age 12 0r 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier

41、childhood. The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations （ 心陲） , feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activ

42、ities. In addition, 69 percent said they didnt want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition was diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatme

43、nt said that treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment could be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.36 Which of the following is NOT true of the people with soci

44、al anxiety disorder?A They find it difficult to make friends.B They are often isolated and ashamed.C They frequently fail to get timely treatmentD They tend to criticize other people.37 People with the disorder think that their fear isA justified. B beneficial. C controllable D beyond control38. Usu

45、ally the disorder starts to affect people whenA they fall in love.B they begin to work.C they get married.D they are in their early teens.39. All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder EXCEPTA heart palpitations. B sweating.C sore throat. D blushing.40. The last paragraph indicates that t

46、reatment of the disorderA had no positive effect on those affected.B was unavailable to those affected.C was often rejected by those affected.D could improve the life of those affected.第三篇Ear BreakthroughNew research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to our understandi

47、ng of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.The latest research, conducted by Dr.Jorg T.Albert, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mecha

48、nically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory （感覺的 ）cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates （脊椎動物 ）including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.Dr. Albert

49、says, The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing. We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic （ 機(jī)械學(xué)的 ） similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules thatbring about hearing. But even if it finally shoul

50、d turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on afferent molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and- what is sometimes even more important- The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the countrys only medical

51、 research charity for deaf people. Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK, says, ;This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness. The charity will continue to support cutting-edge （ 尖端的 ） research through its Fellowship pro

52、gramme at the UCL Ear Institute and at other top-,research centers in the UK to achieve our goal of securing radicalimprovements in the prevention, diagnosis and treatments of all forms of hearing impairment. There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness

53、 results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as hair cells. The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells dont regenerate, the result is progressive-and irreversible- hearing loss. Damage- to these cells can als0 1ead

54、to tinnitus （ 耳鳴 ） , which affects around five million people in the UK.41 A person who is har4 0f.,it hearing isA totally deaf from birthB not able to hear pjl70pai;rily.C unwilling to listen to others.D ignorant of how the ear works.42 Quite a number of genetic techniques have been usedA to target

55、 how the ear works.B to stimulate sensory cells.C to amplify sound sign.D to study the fruit fly.43 Fruit flies and humans share similarities in how theyA convert sound into nerve signals.B ask and answer questions.C pass on their genes.D reproduce.44 Vivienne Michael frorn.Deafnessf：t9fsearch UK hi

56、ghlyappreciatesA the genetics of deafness.B the charitys Fellowship programme.C the latest research conducted by Dr.Aibert.D improvements in treating hearing impairment.45 Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cellsA can affect five million people in the UK.B can be progressively repaired. .C

57、 cannot lead to tinnitus.D cannot be cured.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文 (第46-50題，每題 2分，共計 10分)下面的短文有 5 處空白，短文后有 6 個句子，其中 5 個取自短文， 請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of StrokeAustralian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients su

58、ffering a repeat stroke by more than a third. This is the result oftheir research. _ (46)Strokes kill 5 million people a year and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs)s, broken speech and other serious disabilities. (47)An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the