非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、GrammarRevising:The non-finite verbs非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞General rules:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句中作_, _, _, _, _, _;非謂非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)表表語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)doingdoneto do使用條件：使用條件：一個(gè)句子中，一個(gè)句子中，已存在謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連詞已存在謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連詞的情況下的情況下, , 其他動(dòng)詞作其他動(dòng)詞作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞. .1.1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定（邏輯主語(yǔ)確定（邏輯主語(yǔ)& & 語(yǔ)態(tài)）語(yǔ)態(tài)）2.2.判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的成分和作用判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的

2、成分和作用3.3.判斷時(shí)態(tài)判斷時(shí)態(tài)確定恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式確定恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式3 steps to go:一、主語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，位于作主語(yǔ)，位于_。_(read) aloud is vital to English learning._(make) fun of is an unpleasant experience.(3)_(be) a writer is my dream.(4)Its never foolish _(acknowledge) you are in the wrong.(5)Its no use _(complain) without taking action. 謂

3、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前前1)Readingdoingto do2)Being made經(jīng)常性、普遍性經(jīng)常性、普遍性將來(lái)的，具體的、一次性將來(lái)的，具體的、一次性to acknowledgecomplainingTo be如果主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，則用如果主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，則用_代替主語(yǔ)，代替主語(yǔ)，把把-ing/todo形式的主語(yǔ)放在形式的主語(yǔ)放在_。It is+ adj.( hard, important)+ to do sthIt is no use / good / value / fun / a waste of time doing spend a lot of time (in) doing sth/

4、on sth There is no doing (denying, saying)There is no saying(很難說(shuō)，說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)）很難說(shuō)，說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)）It句末句末6) ，but he refused _(stop) until we reached the next stop.7)They never quit _ (look) for a way to get where they are supposed to.8) I apologize for _(be) so angry with you.9)He appreciated _(give) a chance to make a p

5、resentation in the annual seminar.to stoplookingbeingbeing given作賓語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是作賓語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是_.句子的主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)二、賓語(yǔ)二、賓語(yǔ)位置：位置：(1)_(2)_及物動(dòng)詞后及物動(dòng)詞后介詞后介詞后doingto do+doingconsider, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, miss, risk, mind, cant help P290keep on, give up, feel like, be used to, lead to, devote to, object

6、to, pay attention to, stick torefuse, expect, decide,pretend, offer,P289have difficulty / trouble (in) doing(4)在在forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop,go on等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。見(jiàn)三維設(shè)計(jì)但意義差別較大。見(jiàn)三維設(shè)計(jì)P290cleaning/to be cleanedto hurtwaitingThe window needs _ (clean) .(3) 在表示在表示

7、“需要需要”的的need, want和和require等后用等后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。I didnt mean _ (hurt) you. Missing the train means _(wait) for another hour.(5)在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。注意注意to是介詞的短是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如語(yǔ)，如be used to, be accustomed to, when it comes to, contribute to , devote oneself to, get

8、 down to, pay attention to, look forward to等。等。speaking being recognized1. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _ (recognize)2. When it comes to _(speak) in public, no one can match him.三、定語(yǔ)：三、定語(yǔ)：位于位于_。名詞前名詞前/后后doingdoneto do主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行被動(dòng)，完成被動(dòng)，完成主動(dòng)主動(dòng) ，將要，將要being done

9、被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行to be done 被動(dòng)且將要被動(dòng)且將要The meeting _(hold) next week will be of great importance.The meeting _(hold) last week was of great importance.The meeting _(hold) now is of great importance.to be heldheldbeing held（vi只表完成）只表完成）11) The ability _(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself

10、.12) They are the first _(bear) hardship and the last to enjoy comfort.13) ，when I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas. 某些抽象名詞某些抽象名詞+to do : chance, courage, effort, way, ability, attempt, promise the only/the first/ adj.的最高級(jí)的最高級(jí)+to do(與中心與中心詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系詞為主

11、動(dòng)關(guān)系)to expressto bearpermitted三、定語(yǔ)：三、定語(yǔ)：位于位于_。名詞前名詞前/后后doingdoneto do主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行被動(dòng)，完成被動(dòng)，完成主動(dòng)主動(dòng) ，將要，將要being done 被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行to be done 被動(dòng)且將要被動(dòng)且將要（vi只表完成）只表完成）情感類(lèi)的情感類(lèi)的adj某些名詞固定搭配某些名詞固定搭配修飾物：修飾物：V-ing修飾人：修飾人：V-ed1. The flowers _ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors.2. The _ (ring)

12、 bell indicated the end of the class.3. There are hundreds of visitors _ (wait) in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.smellingringingwaiting現(xiàn)在分詞表現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)主動(dòng)的的正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作 The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ (pay) vacation to China. Prices of daily

13、goods _ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. Tsinghua University, _ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.paid bought founded過(guò)去分詞表過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)被動(dòng)的的已完成已完成的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作特殊情況特殊情況驚喜的消息驚喜的消息激動(dòng)的尖叫聲激動(dòng)的尖叫聲惱人的噪音惱人的噪音鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)令人迷惑的答案令人迷惑的答案愁容愁容困惑的表情困惑的表情surprising newsan

14、 excited screamannoying noisean inspiring speecha confusing answera worried looka puzzled expression一些表示情感的詞：一些表示情感的詞：加加inging描述物的性質(zhì)；描述物的性質(zhì)；加加eded描述人的狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)描述人的狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)Translate the phrasesboiled water returned students fallen leaves retired workers注意注意某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示已完成的動(dòng)作，不包含表示已完成的動(dòng)作，不包含被動(dòng)被

15、動(dòng) If theres a lot of work _ (do), Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. This company was the first _ (produce) portable radios.to do to produce 表將來(lái)表將來(lái) 序數(shù)詞后跟不定式作定語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞后跟不定式作定語(yǔ) 1) 1) 某些名詞后某些名詞后ability arrangement attempt agreement ambition chance opportunity plan promise right talent常跟不定式作后置定語(yǔ)

16、的情況：常跟不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的情況：2) 序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、the only、順序詞（、順序詞（the last、the next）后也用）后也用不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)下面句子用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)下面句子1.We started early so that we could get there before 10.2.When they heard the news ,they all danced for joy.3.When it is heated, water changes into steam.4.Though he was wounded, the b

17、rave soldier continued to fight. 5.He walked down the hill and sang to himself.to get thereHearing the newsHeatedsinging to himselfWounded四、狀語(yǔ)四、狀語(yǔ)_, 句子句子 句子句子, _時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，目的時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，目的結(jié)果，伴隨，目的結(jié)果，伴隨，目的doingdoneto do主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果: only to do表示自然的，必然的結(jié)果表示自然的，必然的結(jié)果 making / causing 邏輯主語(yǔ)是邏輯主語(yǔ)

18、是_.句子的主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)14) _(save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.15) _(defeat) by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.16)One evening Harry phoned me, _(ask) me to his flat as soon as possible.17)Tom broke his arm, _(cause) him to use only one hand. 18) Tom hurried t

19、o the kitchen, only _ (tell) that there is no water for cooking.19）If _(carry ) out continuously, the project will benefit all of us greatly.To savecarried Defeated asking causing to be told20) _ (get) up late this morning, Mike ran as fast as he could _ (hope) to catch the bus.21) _(live) abroad fo

20、r 50 years, the old man is on his way back home. 如果表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在如果表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在_之前，之前，或表示或表示_的動(dòng)作，則用的動(dòng)作，則用- ing的完成式的完成式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)一段時(shí)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間間Having (been) done, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Having gothoping Having lived22) _(lost) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 23)_(tire)of playing football, he went back to

21、 the classroom. LostTried有些過(guò)去分詞源于有些過(guò)去分詞源于_，分詞已經(jīng)形容，分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，這些結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)詞化，這些結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)，用定語(yǔ)，用_.系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞be lost in; be interested in; be tired of ; be satisfied with ; be located in; be faced with; be dressed in ；be seated固定搭配：修飾全句, 放句首。judging from/bygenerally/frankly/honestly / strictly speakingcon

22、sidering 鑒于，考慮到鑒于，考慮到supposing 假如假如to be sure/ to be honest/ to be exactgiven 考慮到，鑒于考慮到，鑒于 動(dòng)名詞和不定式動(dòng)名詞和不定式表示工作、任務(wù)等，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具表示工作、任務(wù)等，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具 體內(nèi)容；體內(nèi)容；(2)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞則表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征，像則表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等等-ing分詞表示分詞表示“令人令人的的(事物事物)”； 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，像表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，像puzzled, surprised, excited等等

23、-ed分詞表示分詞表示“(人人)感到感到的的”。 What you should do now is _（study） hard. Her job is _（teach）. I was to work harder at the _ work. （inspire）to study teachinginspiredinspiring五五. 作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ) 表示正表示正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài)用在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài)用-ing形式；形式；to buyreadinginformedI recommend you _ (buy) this dictionary.I saw the girl _ (re

24、ad) her book.Please keep me _ (inform) of the latest development. 六六. 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，時(shí)，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用時(shí)，用-ed形式。形式。請(qǐng)注意：請(qǐng)注意： 在在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和等使役動(dòng)詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加

25、上被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。 I often hear him _(sing) the song. He is often heard _the song.singto sing(2)使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事(主主 動(dòng)、將來(lái)動(dòng)、將來(lái));have sth. doing 使使處于某一狀態(tài)中處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù)主動(dòng)、持續(xù));wont have sb doing 不允許，不容許不允許，不容許get sth doing 使使立即開(kāi)始做立即開(kāi)始做get/have sth. done請(qǐng)人做請(qǐng)人做 / 遭受

26、遭受(被動(dòng)被動(dòng))。1. I got my boss _ (let) me take a week off.2. The boss had us _ (prepare) a report every week.3. The boss had the machine _ (work) all day long.4. The boss had the machine _ （repair). 5. The old woman had her handbag _ (steal). to letprepareworkingrepairedstolen(3) make oneself 后常用后常用under

27、stood, heard, seen, known等等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓讓自己講的話被別人聽(tīng)到自己講的話被別人聽(tīng)到/讓自己被別人看到讓自己被別人看到/讓自讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。I try to make myself _(understand).= I try to make you _.understoodunderstand(4)with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+doing(主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行）主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行） with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ done（被動(dòng)，完成）（被動(dòng)，完成） with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ to do （將來(lái)，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）（將來(lái)，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）I coul

28、dnt do my homework with all that noise going on.2）With a lot of problems solved, he felt happy.1)3) With so many problems to settle, the president is having a hard time.1. She made up her mind to devote what she had to set up some schools for poor children.2. Turning to the left, and youll find the post office. 3. Facing with difficulty, he r