托?？荚噦淇颊Z法筆記

1、托福考試備考資料語法筆記1. Most doctors of the Col on ial period believed was caused by an imbala nee ofhumors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：動詞believe的用法：直接加that引導的賓語從句。這里that為連接adv.,在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時期的醫(yī)生認為疾病來源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell becameat

2、the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺賓語，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語，但D的語序不對。參考譯文：1976， Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個在紐約 Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。補充： ?？?the first/second/ one t

3、o do sth3. On January 7,1955,Marian Anderson becameto sing a major role at New York CitysMetropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺賓語，C, D都不能作賓語。一句話中只能有一個謂語，而B中有was,句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語，一定

4、錯。參考譯文：1955年1月7號，Marian Anderson成為在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔任主唱的美籍黑人。4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.A. and accelerated a phenomenonB. a pheno

5、menon that acceleratedC. accelerating a phenomenon which，D. the acceleration of which phenomenon答案：B分析： 考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)， a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的 同位語。A中and為conj.，后面應該連接一個完整的句子，但缺主語，錯 ；C中語序混亂，錯；D中of which 作為介詞賓語，后面應該接一個完整句，但只有一個phenomenon主語，句子不完整，錯。參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)

6、后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當大規(guī)模高速公路建設項目容許了更大程 度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個現(xiàn)象更被促進了。補充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve 者B可以是 vi.不接賓語5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California beforePresident.A. he becameB. when becomingC. becameD. did he become答案：A分析：before為狀語從句引導詞conj，后面一般引導一個完整的句子。B同時出現(xiàn)兩個狀語從句引導詞，錯

7、;C缺主語；D應該為正常語序，選項中使用了倒裝句式，錯。參考譯文：里根在成為美國總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔任加州的州長。6. ， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and containsugar in varying quantities.A. Their botanical classification as berriesB. Although their botanical classification as berriesC. Because berries being

8、 their botanical classificationD. Classified botanically as berries答案：D分析：句子的主語是 grapes，后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu) grow，range，and contain空格后的句子已完整，那么空格處就應該是同位語，狀語從句，分詞等修飾成分。A中Their指代不明，而且 classification和berries也不相符，錯;B中Although為conj.，后面應該是完整句，錯；C中Because為conj.，后面應該是 完整句，錯。參考譯文：培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的，它們成串的長在樹上，顏色從灰白色到黑色，并且包

9、含由不同數(shù)量的糖份。7. The cymbal isin the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.A. a basic instrumentB. basic instrumentC. how basic an instrument it isD. as an instrument is basic答案：A分析：instrument可數(shù)，前面應該有限定詞 a.and前為一簡單句。參考譯文：鐃鈸在軍樂隊里是一個基本的樂器，而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂里使用。8. In instrumentalist

10、 philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are ofsignificance onlyinstrumental in the development of experience.A. as they areB. are theyC. there areD. are答案：A分析：兩個謂語需要有一個conj.來連接。一個句子中岀現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯。參考譯文：在樂器演奏家的哲學里面，思想和知識是專有排外性的功能性的過程。他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗發(fā)展的過程中，用于樂器演奏。9.

11、 either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen ， and most do both.A. Working fire extinguishersB. Fire extinguishers that workC. Fire extinguishers workD. The work of fire extinguishers答案：C分析：空格中缺主謂。A中沒有謂語；B中that多余，因為句中只有一個謂語；D也沒有謂語。參考譯文：滅火器的通過冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的，大多數(shù)時候兩個方法都會用到。10. The introduct

12、ion of mass-production methods enabled many peopleand gave them anunprecedented amount of mobility.A. to purchase their own automobilesB. their own to purchase automobilesC. to their own purchase automobilesD. own their automobiles to purchase答案：A分析：為固定結(jié)構(gòu) enable sb to do sth.參考譯文：規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生，使得人們能夠買自己

13、的車，并獲得了空前的靈活性。(2)1. Frances Perkins，of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from1933 to 1945.A. the first female memberB. was the first female memberC. the first female member whoD. of whom the first female member答案：A分析：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。 B中多了一個謂語 was，因為后面已經(jīng)有一個謂語動詞served, 一個句

14、子中出現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯；C中who多余，用法也不正確；D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。參考譯文：Frances Perkins,是美國內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔任勞工部秘書。2. Whento dough and heated, carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.A. is added baking powderB. added baking powder isC. is baking powder addedD. baking powder is add

15、ed答案：D分析：When為狀語從句引導詞；語序應該為正常語序，A，C錯;B語序混亂，明顯應該用被動形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.參考譯文：當把烘烤用粉加到面團里加熱的時候，會釋放岀二氧化碳，使得面團漲開。3. the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations ， geneticists use thetheory of probability.A. The calculation ofB. To calculateC. Is calculatingD. Calculated答案：B分析：

16、to calculate，這里用不定式表示目的”前半句的邏輯主語是 geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。參考譯文：遺傳學家運用概率的理論來計算在后代中擁有相似特點個體占有的百分比。補充：如同A的形式，逗號前面就是一個名詞短語，然而正確的句子里，名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語，要么本身是主語，如11題。否則就是脫離句子成分，成為錯誤。4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements, wherethan one instrument playing some of theparts, rather than on improv

17、isation.A. is moreB. whenever moreC. there is moreD. more答案：C分析：where引導狀語從句，后面缺主謂。參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。5. Because ofdiversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established bybotanists.A. themB. so thatC. thoseD. their答案：D分析：those 是泛指，這里應該用 their 來特指 s

18、even separate groupings or divisions of algae.參考譯文：因為海藻們的不同特性，植物學家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material, of DNA andvarious types of protein.A. consistingB. as to consistC. consistD. which consisting答案：A分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應該用個conj.后面加個完整的句子。參考譯

19、文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認為是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)攜帶者，這些遺傳物質(zhì)由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質(zhì)組成。7. The leopard seal is the only pinnipedpreys on penguins and other seals.A. that normallyB. of which it normallyC. normallyD. that it normally答案：A分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個謂語動詞，一定是個復合句；用that引導定語從句，pinniped為先行詞,that后為不完整句。參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。8. “nova” mea

20、ns newnovas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenlyflare into brilliance.A. ThatB. WhyC. AlthoughD. It is答案：C參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀岀光輝的恒星。9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than, Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.A. Earth isB. is from EarthC. what

21、is EarthD. is it Earth答案：A分析：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱性：Mars is farther than Earthiis后省略了 from the Sun參考譯文：因為火星比地球離太陽要遠，火星繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)一圈的時間要比地球長。10. A social system isof social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the corevalues of the group.A. a complex networkB. how a complex networkC. a complex network

22、andD. a network that is complex答案：A分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯;C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語，錯；D錯，因為of前應該為名詞。參考譯文：社會系統(tǒng)就是一個社會關(guān)系的復雜網(wǎng)絡，這個網(wǎng)絡里把成員的行為方式向核心價值觀靠攏。1. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， the glass sparkle.A. which makingB. and makingC. makingD. to makin

23、g答案：C分析：空格前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，這里的分詞作狀語。A中用which來引導非限制性定語從句，而句中無謂語，錯;B中and作為連接詞，而and后的句子不完整，沒有謂語，錯;D錯，不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)應該是to do.參考譯文：氣泡，裂紋和其他的不規(guī)則會使光線穿過受損的玻璃時發(fā)散開，使得玻遼練9.??？BR補充：stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃2. Fog is common nearinland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.A. there are largeB. largeC. either largeD. wh

24、ere large答案：B分析：A使得句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，且中間無連接詞，錯;C應該是eitheror 結(jié)構(gòu)，但句中沒有岀現(xiàn)or;D中where引導的句子不完整，錯。參考譯文：霧通常在靠近大型內(nèi)陸水體和沿著溫和地帶邊緣的地方發(fā)生。3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes itvaluable source of history.A. and aB. so that aC. aD. is a答案：C分析： make 結(jié)構(gòu)，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.參考譯文：描述日常生活的民間藝術(shù)品使它

25、們本身成為有價值的歷史來源。4. by the United States governments Bureau of Labor Statistics， the Consumer Price Indexcompares current costs of goods and services with past costs.A. To prepareB. As it preparedC. When preparationD. Prepared答案：D分析：由后半句可以知道句子的邏輯主語應該是Consumer Price Index，而且空格后是by,所以應該用被動形式，只能選D.參考譯文：消費

26、者價格索引是美國政府勞工統(tǒng)計部完成的，它把現(xiàn)在的物品價格跟以前的做了比較。5. carries the genes which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.A. The chromosomeB. The chromosome thatC. Whereas the chromosomeD. There is a chromosome答案：A分析：該句是非限制性定語從句，前半句已經(jīng)有謂語和賓語，缺主語，選A.參考譯文：染色體攜帶了遺傳物質(zhì)，這些遺傳物質(zhì)決定了細胞和生物體的遺傳特性。6. direc

27、tly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.A. Carbon reactingB. Carbon reactsC. The reaction of carbonD. When carbon reacts答案：B分析：從句意來看，called在這里不是謂語動詞，而是分詞做后置定語： which are called carbides.空格中缺主語和謂語，選B.參考譯文：碳直接跟大部分金屬反應而形成碳化物的化合物。7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earths atmosphere， but if

28、they are moving， they can form acrater on impact.A. enough fastB. fast enoughC. so fast enoughD enough are fast答案：B分析：enough的用法，固定順序：adj.+enough參考譯文：隕石受地球大氣阻擋而慢下來，但如果他們移動的足夠快，他們能在撞擊后形成一個大坑。8. Located at the upper end of eachan adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine system.A. kidney which i

29、sB. kidney isC. kidney beingD. kidney答案：B分析： 該句為簡單句， 而且使用了倒裝形式，原句為：An adrenal gland , an integral part of the endocrinesystem is located at the upper end of each kidney.參考譯文：腎上腺是內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的一個完整的部分，它位于腎的上端。9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating ofsuch as iron and steel.A. easily co

30、rroded metalsB. metals are easily corrodedC. corroded metals that easilyD. how easily metals corroded答案：A分析：B中的are多余，否則句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語，錯；C中的that引導定語從句，而從句缺謂語，錯；用法錯誤，of后一般接名詞。參考譯文：75%的所有鎘金屬都用來對類似鐵、鋼的容易腐蝕的金屬進行鎘鍍膜了。10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter， the smallest particle of an elementinto chemi

31、calcombination.A. that can enterB. can it enterC. when entering it canD. that enters can答案：A分析：that 引導定語從句，element 為先行詞。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unitof matter的賓語同位語。參考譯文：原子是物體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單元，是元素形成化學組合特性的最小的顆粒。1. While play is important at all levels of human development ,take

32、s on particular significancewhen children are five and six years old.A. itB. andC. whichD. because it答案：A分析：缺主語。it在這里作為形式主語。參考譯文：比賽對各個層次人的發(fā)展都是重要的，尤其是當小孩5、6歲大的時候，意義重大。2. During the second and third years of life， children gainover their bodies.A. control increasingB. increasing to controlC. control i

33、s increasingD. increasing control答案：D分析：缺賓語，而且應該是adj.修飾名詞，只能選 D.參考譯文：在生長的第二第三年，小孩們對自己的身體控制能力增強了。3. All brass instruments use a mouthpieceinto a long cone-shaped tube.A. is insertedB. that insertedC. that is insertedD. and inserted答案：C分析：that引導一個定語從句，mouthpiece為先行詞。A出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，錯；B, D應該用被動； 參考譯文：所有的銅管樂器

34、都用一個放在長錐筒形管里的吹嘴。4. By the mid-twentieth century， United States presidential staffs， had numbered fewer than tena century earlier， numbered in the hundreds.A. asB. that theyC. whichD. and答案：C分析：非限制性定語從句，只有which能引導非限制性定語從句參考譯文：到20時間中期，美國的總統(tǒng)部官員達到了幾百個，而在一個世紀前，還屈指可數(shù)呢。5. In 1966 only 60 percent of all fiv

35、e year olds in the United States attended kindergarten ，in1985 almost 82 percent did so.A. withB. whichC. whetherD. while答案：D分析：整個句子中岀現(xiàn)了兩個謂語，缺連接詞。參考譯文：在1966年，所有5歲的小孩中只有60%的參加了幼兒園，而到 1985，幾乎有82%的小孩上幼兒園了。6. industries， inventions， and communal endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is their finefurn

36、iture.A. Of the manyB. Their manyC. Are the manyD. Many of the答案：A分析：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當prep短語位于句首，且謂語動詞為系動詞時，則引起倒裝。參考譯文：在基督震蕩教徒所參與很多工業(yè)、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造和社區(qū)建設中，最聞名的是他們做的優(yōu)質(zhì)家具了。7. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine， but in mammalsonly in thechest area.A. they are foundB. finding themC. in which the

37、y are foundD. are found答案：A分析：缺主語和謂語。該句不是定語從句。參考譯文：大多數(shù)魚類和很多爬行動物沿著大部分脊柱都長有肋骨，但哺乳動物的肋骨只長在胸部位置。8. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States andsoutheastern Canada extended as far west as California.A. where it onceB. onceC. it onceD. and once答案：C分析：缺主語

38、。 A, D中的where, and多余。參考譯文：盡管美國山毛櫸樹的生長地現(xiàn)在只限制在美東和加拿大東南部的狹窄地帶，它曾經(jīng)都延伸向西生長遠到加州的地方。9. Most of North America receivessome form of continuous plant cover except in the arid andsemiarid Southwest.A. moisture to sustain sufficientB. sufficient moisture to sustainC. to sustain sufficient moistureD. sufficient

39、to sustain moisture答案：B分析：缺賓語。其中形容詞修飾名詞，不定式表目的” A，C，D語序混亂。參考譯文：除了干旱和半干旱的西南地區(qū)，大部分北美地區(qū)通過吸收充足的潮濕而保持一些連續(xù)植被的形式。(5)1. All the major cities of the United States ，the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico ，began as centers of trade.A. and to includeB. which includingC. includedD. including答案：D分析：

40、兩個逗號之間是插入語，這里分詞作狀語，不能用謂語動詞。參考譯文：包括大湖區(qū)和墨西哥峽谷的美國所有主要城市都是以貿(mào)易中心的模式發(fā)展起來的。2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became.A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyB. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capitalC. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyD. so that the capital of the Massac

41、husetts Bay Colony答案：A分析：缺賓語。B語序混亂;C中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，錯;D中became仍然沒有賓語，so that多余，錯參考譯文：波士頓在1963年被英國清教徒定址，并曾是馬薩諸塞州灣殖民地的首都。3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determinethey are heading.A. the direction in whichB. to where the directionC. that direction of whichD. where the direction答案：A分析：空格前

42、缺賓語，空格后是個完整的句子，只有B能滿足。prep+which作為介詞賓語，后面接完整的句子。參考譯文：船和飛機的領(lǐng)航員通過指南針來確定他們航行的方向4. A condenser is a heat exchangersteam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.A. whatB. in whichC. in whoseD. that答案：B分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，選項中優(yōu)先選擇prep+which.prep+which作為介詞賓語，后面接完整的句子。參考譯文：冷凝器是一種熱交換器，蒸氣或水汽在里面失去熱量，變回液體狀態(tài)。5.

43、 Published in 1957， John Cheevers first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earnedthe NationalBook Award.A. that he hadB. himC. was hisD. to him答案：B分析：雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：sth. Earn sb sth.類似的還有g(shù)ain/win參考譯文：John Cheever的第一部小說 The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年，并為他贏得全國圖書獎。6. As seen from the Earth at night，planet Jupiter ranks

44、third among the planets and stars inmaximum brightness， after Venus and Mars.A. when theB. in which theC. theD. and the答案：C分析：空格后句子完整，此處缺限定詞。參考譯文：晚上從地球上看去，行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等級中排名第三，排在金星和火星的后面。7. produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays.A. Neon thatB. When n

45、eonC. NeonD. There is neon答案：C分析：缺主語。A中that多余;B中When多余，D中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞。參考譯文：氖能在真空管里釋放岀深紅色的光芒，并被廣泛的在廣告顯像里應用。8. Chaparral consists ofstunted by short， wet winters followed by long ， dry summers.A. are trees and shrubsB. how trees and shrubsC. trees and shrubs haveD. trees and shrubs答案：D分析：of后接名詞，首先排除A和B.C中

46、有個動詞have，后半句中有動詞follow，兩句之間沒有連接詞，一定錯。參考譯文：叢林由樹和灌木組成，短的、潮濕的冬天和隨后的長的干燥的夏天阻礙了它們的生長。9. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 wasof United States policy concerning the activities and rightsof European powers in North and South America.A. when a statementB. as a statementC. a statementD. to a statement答案：C分析：缺賓語。A

47、, B, D中的when, as, to多余。參考譯文：1982年的門羅主義是針對南北美歐洲集權(quán)的行為和權(quán)利的美國政策的表述。10. to stand in a warm place， it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugarinto acid.A. When milk is allowedB. When is milk allowedC. Milk， when allowedD. When milk allowed答案：A分析：B不應該使用倒裝；C:如果是插入語的話，后半句中不應該出現(xiàn)it;D中由

48、句意allow應該使用被 動形式。參考譯文：當牛奶持續(xù)的放在溫暖的地方，細菌的岀現(xiàn)把牛奶的糖轉(zhuǎn)化成酸，因此它就發(fā)酸了。1. denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.A. The term“money supply ”B. The term is “money supply ”C. When the term “money supply ”D. “Money supply ” is the term答案：A分析：缺主語。B , D中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語，一定錯。 C中when多余，使得句子不完整。參考譯文：術(shù)語貨幣儲備是指流通貨幣加上銀行存款

49、。2. The Franklin stove， invented around 1742, ， originally with a partially open front ， and wasdesigned to fit into a fireplace.A. was made of cast ironB. cast iron was made ofC. cast of iron was madeD. was of iron made cast答案：A分析：invented around 1742為插入語，2個was為并列謂語。be made of為固定搭配。參考譯文：Franklin火爐發(fā)

50、明于1742年，是用鐵澆鑄的，原先前面可以部分打開，而且設計成能正好裝進壁爐。3. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness.A. having eatenB. that they are eatenC. are eatenD. when eaten答案：D分析：狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。省略條件：由特定的狀語從句引導詞:although, though, even though,if, when, while , as, whether;從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；從句主語和主句主語一致。省略方式：要同時省略主語和系動詞。原句為： w

51、hen mushrooms are eaten.參考譯文：吃了一些種類的蘑菇會造成死亡或重大疾病。4. Some critics maintainthe mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.A. is thatB. that there isC. it isD. that答案：D錯。分析：that引導賓語從句。A，C中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，錯;B中that引導的從句出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，參考譯文：一些評論家認為神秘小說是罪與罰象征性的儀式。5. all cherry trees are very attractive

52、when in bloom， some species with inferior fruit arecultivated especially for their flowers.A. AlthoughB. There areC. It isD. That答案：A分析：后面句子完整，且岀現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞，此處缺連接詞。參考譯文：盡管所有的櫻桃樹在開花的時候都很美麗，但它們中的一些不結(jié)果的種類專門種植用來觀賞他們的花的。6. Usually pitched in the of C，may be tuned to B flat by means of a slide.A. the bugleB.

53、 because of the bugleC. the bugle thatD. but the bugle答案：A分析：缺主語。參考譯文：通常音調(diào)為 C大調(diào)的軍號，可以通過滑動的方式平穩(wěn)的吹岀 B調(diào)來。7. Withformal art training and largely self-educated , Anna Mary Moses , known as GrandmaMoses, began to paint rural scenes at the age of seventy-eight.A. notB. noC. neitherD. never答案：B分析：no修飾后面的名詞t

54、raining.參考譯文：沒有經(jīng)過正常的藝術(shù)培訓和廣泛的自我教育，眾所周知的Moses奶奶Anna Mary Moses78歲才開始畫鄉(xiāng)村風光。8. A block and tackle is aof pulley blocks and ropes used for pulling or hoisting large objects.A. mechanical set specialB. set special mechanicalC. special mechanical setD. special set mechanical答案：C分析：固定搭配：a set of.;形容詞修飾名詞。參考

55、譯文：滑輪系統(tǒng)是一種特殊的機械裝置，用滑輪和繩索來拉或提升大件的物品。9. Althoughinstant critical acclaim in 1952 ， he never completed a second novel, publishingmany short works instead.A. Invisible Man was the first novel by Ralph Ellison receivedB. first received by Ralph Ellison ， the novel Invisible Man wasC. Ralph Ellisons first novel ， Invisible Man， receivedD. Ralph Ellisons first novel ，Invisible Man， was received答案：C分析：同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，由句意應該用主動形式。參考譯文：盡管Ralph Ellison的第一部小說隱形人在 1952年得到了直接的贊譽，他卻再也沒有完成第二部小說，取而代之的是岀版了很多短篇作品。10. Sauropods hadsmallest brains relative to body weight of any group of dinosaurs