中考英語語法知識點(diǎn)歸納之復(fù)合句講解

1、中考英語語法知識點(diǎn)歸納之復(fù)合句(含練習(xí)和解析)一、賓語從句含義：在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句.1. 引導(dǎo)詞：1） 賓語從句中陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞用that(可省略)，例如He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday. 2） 引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用ifwhether,例如She asked me ifwhether she could join us. 但是以下情況只能用whether,例如當(dāng)后面加帶to的不定式時(shí) She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 與or not連用時(shí)，Im not sure whet

2、her or not he will come on time.3） 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，要用原來的特殊疑問詞，且引導(dǎo)詞要在句中充當(dāng)對應(yīng)的成分，不能省略，例如She asked them what they were doing.2. 語序：引導(dǎo)詞+陳述句語序。例如：I want to know when the train left.3. 時(shí)態(tài)：1） 主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)或祈使句，賓語從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選擇各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.2) 主句為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。如

3、：They said that they had already finished the work.3) 如果賓語從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，真理，自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反義疑問句要與從句一致。例如：I dont think they will wait to the last minute.I dont believe he did this, did he?賓語從句練習(xí)題1. -Hello, Jack. Havent, seen you for long. I am calling to che

4、ck _ you are.- Very well. Im glad you called.A. how B. what C .where D. who答案：選A,依句意是問候how are you2. - Can you guess _the new Nike sports shoes?-Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.A. how he paid for B. where lie boughtC. when he paid for D. why he bought答案：選A,依句意是問新鞋子如何付款，所以用ho

5、w pay3. - Can you tell me _?- He is in the library.A, where was Jack B. where Jack wasC, where is Jack D. where Jack is答案：選D,時(shí)態(tài)與回答一致，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且賓語從句語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序4. -Can you tell me _?- With Lucys help.A. when you did it so well B. when did you do it so wellC. how you did it so well D. how did you do it so wel

6、l答案：選C,依句意是問方式，所以要用how, 且賓語從句語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序5. - Could you tell me _?- Of course.A. wheres there a good place to eat B. where theres a good place to eatC. where is a good place to eat D. where a good place to eat答案：選B,賓語從句語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序6. - Excuse me. could you tell me _?-In the supermarket.A. where 1 can buy this

7、 kind of CD player B. where can I buy this kind of CD playerC. if I can buy this kind of CD player D. if can I buy this kind of CD player答案：選A,句意為問在哪里買，要用where,且賓語從句語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序7. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know_.A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it答案：選A,句意為不知道如何做這道題,，用how。 8. Th

8、ese animals are in danger. We should think _ to protect them.A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do答案：選B,句意為我們要做些事情來保護(hù)這些動物，正確語序?yàn)閣e can do what to .9. -Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?-I dont mind . It will be OK if there is sun, sea and beach.A. where do

9、we go B. where we go C. when we go答案：選B,回答”有太陽，海洋和沙灘的話會很好”，所以是問地點(diǎn)，賓語從句后面用陳述句。10. Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave答案：選D，賓語從句是引導(dǎo)詞+陳述句。11. I think _ you will like him. A. thatB. ifC. whyD. how答案：選A，這里是肯定句，think后接that表

10、示“認(rèn)為”12. I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how答案：選B，固定結(jié)構(gòu)“whether or not”注意B和C的區(qū)別，C表示天氣13. I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC.how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost答案：選C，賓語從句后接陳述句語序14. She asked me _ . A. who he w

11、asB. who was heC. who is heD. who he is答案：選A，考察時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句為過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)15. The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I illB.have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been ill答案：選D，考察時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句為過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)二、定語從句含義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。1. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。如：The girl who is beautiful is Kate. (句子主句是Th

12、e girl is Kate，綠色部分就是定語從句，用來修飾girl，所以girl就是先行詞，)2. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句且在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分的詞。 如上述句子中的who就是關(guān)系詞。一般有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。1) 關(guān)系代詞：先行詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般有who, whom, whose, which, that。The teacher who is standing there is my brother. (指人，作主語)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (指人，作賓語)The insect which scared her was

13、dangerous. (指物，作主語)The little girl whose mother is a nurse cries. (指人，作定語)The bread whose price is very high tastes great. (指物，作主語)2) 關(guān)系副詞: 先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞一般有when, where, why。There are occasions when (on which) one must lie. (when相當(dāng)于on occasions)Tianjin is the place where (in which) I w

14、as born. (where相當(dāng)于in the place)Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? (why相當(dāng)于for the reason)3. 基本形式：先行詞（人/物）+關(guān)系代詞/ 關(guān)系副詞+定語從句This is the book (that) you lent me. (book為先行詞，that為關(guān)系詞,這里在句子中作賓語，可省略)4. 特殊情況：A. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that，如下：1）先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，如the most, the best等；如：This is th

15、e most interesting film that Ive never seen. (the most interesting為最高級)2）先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，如the first, second等；如: What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen? (the first foreign film序數(shù)詞)3）先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，不定代詞有:something, everything, anything, nothing, all, some. Much, little, none, few等)；如：Do you

16、 have anything that you dont understand? (anything為不定代詞)4）先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)，只能用that；如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (先行詞為things and persons)5）當(dāng)主句是以who或者which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)如： Who is the person that is standing at the gate?6）先行詞前有the only，the very等修飾時(shí)如：After the fire, the old car

17、 was the only thing that he owned.(先行詞為the only thing)7） 當(dāng)主語是以here，there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí) 如：Here is the book that you are looking for.B. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用which，如下：1）在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞用which而不能用that。即“介詞+which（代物）” 如：The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.2）在非限定性定語從句中不能用that。如：Crusoes dog, which was very

18、old now, became ill and died. 3）有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已有which，另一個(gè)宜用that。相反，如果其中一個(gè)為that，另一個(gè)宜用which。如：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(注意這里是兩個(gè)定語從句，which produced things修飾factory, that had never been seen before修飾things)定語從句練習(xí)題1. Please pass me the cartoon book

19、 _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whom B. whose C. who D. which答案：選D ,關(guān)系代詞指物，A和C均指人，B后面要加名詞2.-What kind of movies do you like?. -I like the move _ are about Chinese history.A. who B. whom C. whose D which答案：選D ,關(guān)系代詞指物，同上題3. Most students like the teachers_ understand them wellA. who B. when C. w

20、hat D. which答案：選A ,關(guān)系代詞指人，BCD均不復(fù)合4.- What are you looking for ?- Im looking for the pen_my father gave me last week.A- who B. which C, whose D. whom答案：選B ,關(guān)系代詞指物 5. - Do you know the girl_ is helping the old woman.-Oh, thats my sister,A. whom B. whose C. who D. where答案：選C ,要用作主語的關(guān)系代詞，用who 6. Steve J

21、obs is one of the persons_ founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時(shí)代).A. who B. whom C. which D. /答案：選A ,關(guān)系代詞指人，用who7.The little boy was wrapping the present _ would be sent to his teacher.A. who B. / C. what D. that答案：選D ,關(guān)系代詞指物，作主語時(shí)that不能省略8. Mr. Smith _ is smoking is

22、looking for_ she lost yesterday.A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where答案：選B ,前半句關(guān)系代詞指人，用who；后半句是一個(gè)賓語從句：丟失的東西用what來指代，look for what she lost.9. Success will belong to those _never say impossible.A. whom B. what C. who D. which答案：選C ,關(guān)系代詞指人，whom可指人但只能作賓語，所以用who10. I still remember the time_we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.A.when B.what C.who D.which答案