資料RS232串行接口

1、硐雪睫楠什逆猿寧垌哨暮RS-232串行接口乾膳扭虹邢醋凌習(xí)適諍閶RS-232是在任何時(shí)候都常用的接口之一。它不僅已經(jīng)被內(nèi)置于每臺(tái)PC，而且已被內(nèi)置于從微控制器到主機(jī)的多種類型的電腦和與它們連接的設(shè)備。RS-232的最通常得用處是連接到一個(gè)Modem，其他擁有RS-232接口的設(shè)備包括打印機(jī)，數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊，測試裝置和控制回路。你也可以將RS-232用在任何類型得計(jì)算機(jī)之間的簡單連接中。耆閩叉語元桿癍檢洶嶧搿RS-232是設(shè)計(jì)來處理兩臺(tái)設(shè)備之間的通信的，距離限制為50到100f，這決定于波特率和電纜類型。因?yàn)镽S-232端口被廣泛應(yīng)用，它的另一個(gè)用途是與一個(gè)將這個(gè)接口轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種類型的適配器相連。

2、例如，一個(gè)簡單的回路將一個(gè)RS-232端口轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)RS-485端口，這個(gè)端口可以和多臺(tái)設(shè)備相連并且可以使用更長的導(dǎo)線連線。嬗飭耗僥赭娩魔稷遲筍隆RS-232連接使用非平衡導(dǎo)線。盡管一個(gè)非平衡的狀態(tài)聽起來像是一些應(yīng)該避免的東西，在這里它僅僅是指導(dǎo)線中的信號(hào)的電氣特性。在一條非平衡導(dǎo)線中，信號(hào)電壓加到一條導(dǎo)線上，所有的信號(hào)電壓都使用一個(gè)公共的接地線。這種類型的接口的另一個(gè)術(shù)語是單端。笥跎掇碹顏鴕涂賈紿瓴煺特性蜩嗲窩姜鰾釬沅邢暫帳聾RS-232有幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：呆滬五夾穎鵬鲅目繕磊盞n 它是無處不在的。每一臺(tái)PC機(jī)都有一個(gè)或更多的RS-232端口。更新的計(jì)算機(jī)現(xiàn)在支持其他諸如USB這樣的串行接口，但是R

3、S-232可以做很多USB無法做的事情。薅舟嗉追懿敷吩認(rèn)勾嘮勝n 在微控制器中，接口芯片使得將一個(gè)5V串口轉(zhuǎn)換成RS-232變得很容易。淇荽詢醒芯屣啜旌姬躍然n 連接距離可以達(dá)到50到100ft。大多數(shù)的外設(shè)接口都不會(huì)用于太長的距離。USB連接最長可以達(dá)到16ft，PC機(jī)的并口打印機(jī)接口與主機(jī)的距離可以達(dá)到10到15ft，或者利用IEEE-1284B型驅(qū)動(dòng)器可以達(dá)到30ft。但是RS-232可以使用更長的電纜。如果每一個(gè)RS-232端口與一個(gè)Modem相連，你可以使用電話網(wǎng)在世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。憑茨鑲悉蛸潞皚清癟闡搛n 對(duì)于一個(gè)雙向連接，你只需要3條導(dǎo)線。一個(gè)并行連接一般需要8條數(shù)據(jù)線，兩條或

4、者更多的控制信號(hào)線，和幾條接地線。所有的導(dǎo)線和更大的連接器使得價(jià)格累計(jì)起來就比較高了。急閭巡窆粽膾癟葸癃嗟璧RS-232的缺點(diǎn)包括以下這些：昔詢蛇吠鞏淅起措四鵂施n 如果連接的另一頭需要并行數(shù)據(jù)，它不得不將這個(gè)串口數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成并行數(shù)據(jù)。但是利用一個(gè)UART，這很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。鄞臏虜昃嶇刨苒視俗逐傣n 串口是如此的有用，以至于尋找一個(gè)未用的串口可能會(huì)比較困難。PC機(jī)可以有多個(gè)串口，但是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)可能無法為每一個(gè)串口分配一個(gè)唯一的中斷請(qǐng)求信號(hào)。大多數(shù)的微控制器只有一個(gè)硬件串口。伺簪乘來靄誥猶貪徘葡葶n 在一個(gè)連接中不能有超過2臺(tái)以上的設(shè)備。詹八唯認(rèn)鶚鳶蓀闌曜芪坌n 指定的最大數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率是每秒20000位

5、。但是，很多接口芯片可以超過這個(gè)數(shù)值，尤其是在短程連接上。述涔愕交翎獼鞏寂成翕砣n 很長的連接需要一個(gè)不同的接口。廓整堀耽忘花玻鐘醵豸謨雙向RS-232通信的3個(gè)基本信號(hào)如下：萑耷郝雁鑾裟凼貢立笛餞TD：將數(shù)據(jù)從DCE傳輸?shù)紻CE也被稱作TX和TXD。芬?guī)钒妄l黻鴣籃馮諧RD：將數(shù)據(jù)從DCE傳輸?shù)紻TE。也被稱作RX和RXD。擻拔派溪躒詩避讒裳哀縣SG：信號(hào)地。也被稱作GND和SGND。氈鑄能莼籠拐彪妤藤髭詡電壓鎘竟兇跌崞含鵑噘噶妖揪 RS-232的邏輯電平用正負(fù)電壓表示，而不是只用5V TTL和CMOS邏輯的正電壓信號(hào)表示。在一個(gè)RS-232的數(shù)據(jù)輸出（TD），一個(gè)邏輯0被定義為等于或者高

6、于+5V，而一個(gè)邏輯1被定義為等于-5V或者比低于-5V。換言之，信號(hào)使用負(fù)邏輯，在這種邏輯中，負(fù)的電壓為邏輯1。餿底岡咳燧強(qiáng)塌韉乩悼蟯 控制信號(hào)使用相同的電壓，但是使用的是正邏輯。一個(gè)正的電壓表示這項(xiàng)功能為開，而一個(gè)負(fù)的電壓表示這個(gè)功能為關(guān)。寢茬宅通冫盅鏡耱雀撮悶 RS-232接口芯片反向轉(zhuǎn)換這些信號(hào)。在一個(gè)UART的輸出引腳，一個(gè)邏輯1 數(shù)據(jù)位或者一個(gè)關(guān)控制信號(hào)接近于5V，它在RS-232的接口產(chǎn)生一個(gè)負(fù)電壓。一個(gè)邏輯0數(shù)據(jù)位或者一個(gè)開控制信號(hào)接近于0V，它在RS-232接口產(chǎn)生一個(gè)正電壓。簡泛沒寂煉腆氤澀停滄蠐 因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)RS-232接收器可能位于一條長電線纜的末端，等到信號(hào)到達(dá)接收者的時(shí)

7、候，它的電壓可能已經(jīng)削弱了或者加載了噪聲信號(hào)?？紤]到這種情況，在接受方最低要求的電壓要比在驅(qū)動(dòng)器處要低。一個(gè)比+3V高得多的輸入在RD處是一個(gè)邏輯0，或者在一個(gè)控制輸入處是一個(gè)開。一個(gè)比-3V要低得多的輸入在RD處為一個(gè)邏輯1，或者在一個(gè)控制輸入處為一個(gè)關(guān)。根據(jù)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在-3V和+3V之間的一個(gè)輸入的邏輯電平?jīng)]有定義。濰恨表煉賈簣嘗臧裾踝桶 噪聲容限，或者電壓容限，是輸出電壓和輸入電壓的區(qū)別所在。RS-232的大電壓波動(dòng)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)比5V TTL邏輯寬得多的噪聲容限。例如，即便一個(gè)RS-232驅(qū)動(dòng)器的輸出為最小的+5V，它也會(huì)在接受方削弱或者噪聲峰值大到2V，并且仍舊是一個(gè)有效邏輯0。很多RS-

8、232輸出有更寬的電壓波動(dòng)：9V和 12V是很平常的事情。這些都導(dǎo)致更寬的噪聲容限。最大允許的電壓波動(dòng)是 15V，盡管接受方必須不受任何損害地處理高達(dá) 25V的電壓。杌輔士燁蚨昀些州作涌訐使用的另外兩個(gè)與RS-232有關(guān)的術(shù)語是Mark和Space。Space是邏輯0，而Mark是邏輯1。這兩個(gè)術(shù)語是多年以前機(jī)械記錄儀二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)的，他們分別代表物理標(biāo)記和空白。冫莆褪另固模槨镩裼澤漉計(jì)時(shí)限制沉野嘍寰鈞蠅筵薯圈蹕守TIA/EIA-232包括最小和最大計(jì)時(shí)規(guī)定。所有的RS-232接口芯片都符合這個(gè)規(guī)定。棱仕欖鏘房聊簾薅領(lǐng)舵邦指定的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度限制了接口的最大比特率。旋轉(zhuǎn)率是當(dāng)輸出切換時(shí)電壓變化的快慢的量

9、度，并且描述了一個(gè)輸出的電壓變化的瞬間速度。一個(gè)RS-232驅(qū)動(dòng)器的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度必須是每毫秒30V或者更少。冀聱儂婪漬逛瘺倮貢胳蔡限制旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的好處是它通過事實(shí)上消除由于電壓偏轉(zhuǎn)引發(fā)的問題來改進(jìn)信號(hào)質(zhì)量，電壓偏移發(fā)生在傳輸有著快速上升和下降節(jié)拍的信號(hào)的長距離連線上。鹵使夙醢蠹橐壁傭恣教容但是旋轉(zhuǎn)速度也限制了一個(gè)連接的最大速度。在30V/us的速度下，一個(gè)輸出需要0.3us從+5V切換到-5V。RS-232的規(guī)定的最大波特率為20kbps，這個(gè)速度轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)比特寬度為50us，或者在允許的最快旋轉(zhuǎn)速度下為166倍的切換時(shí)間。苞鼠昴閡尺欞淅以術(shù)摸功事實(shí)上，因?yàn)閁ART在位的中間附近讀取輸入數(shù)據(jù)，并且還

10、因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)的時(shí)間參考時(shí)鐘是非常準(zhǔn)確的，你可以安全的使用短到5到10倍的切換時(shí)間的位的寬度?？紤]到這些，有的接口芯片允許115kbps或者更高的波特率，即使這違反了這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建議。穌八信鵜胲簾軍醣胡立奮除了有一個(gè)最大的切換速度之外，RS-232 驅(qū)動(dòng)器還必須符合最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以確保信號(hào)不在邏輯狀態(tài)之間的未定義區(qū)域停留。對(duì)于控制信號(hào)和其他40bps和更低的信號(hào)，信號(hào)線必須花費(fèi)不超過1ms的時(shí)間在有效的邏輯1和邏輯0之間的嫻唄烽茶還咚噼審寓趟迸傳送區(qū)域，對(duì)于其他數(shù)據(jù)和時(shí)間信號(hào)，這個(gè)限制是4%的位寬，或者在20bps下為2us。信號(hào)的上升和下降次數(shù)也要盡可能的接近相等。弄罔茗儈利碴婕榧志鏌銻在5V邏輯和RS

11、-232之間轉(zhuǎn)換褥慷囊茁掘歌褓禁池軔琬很多微控制器有異步串口，但是它們的輸出和輸入使用5V邏輯而不是使用RS-232電壓。將5V落連接到一個(gè)RS-232端口需要轉(zhuǎn)換到RS-232電平和從RS-232電平轉(zhuǎn)換到5V邏輯。俐哮瘡蟪按鏗黑鋸哌礤踩利用5V邏輯，我假定了TTL或者CMOS邏輯芯片使用的邏輯電平，這些芯片是由一個(gè)單一的+5V電源供電，信號(hào)電平以接地電平作為參考。噴貨抓房膂絮碧馱犯鏑研對(duì)于TTL邏輯，一個(gè)邏輯低輸入不高于0.8V。一個(gè)邏輯高輸出必須至少為2.4V，而一個(gè)邏輯高輸入必須至少為2V。利用這些邏輯電平，一個(gè)接口可以有0.4V的噪聲信號(hào)而不至于產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤。牘草榀哌恁堍俐棗螋枯沮這些邏

12、輯電平應(yīng)用在初期的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的7400系列的TTL邏輯和他的派生系列，包括74LS74F和74ALS TTL。較早的利用NMOS技術(shù)制造的微控制器也使用這些邏輯電平。帔鉦痧苑蟠飆柿發(fā)甲鉸澀大多數(shù)的CMOS芯片定義了不同的邏輯電平，并且有更寬的噪聲容限。一個(gè)邏輯低CMOS輸出不高于0.1V，而一個(gè)邏輯低輸入可以高達(dá)20%的電源電壓，或者對(duì)于5V的電源輸入可以達(dá)到1V。一個(gè)邏輯高輸出至少為4.9V，而一個(gè)邏輯高輸入必須至少達(dá)到電源電壓的70%，或者對(duì)于5V電源輸入而言達(dá)到3.5V。使用這樣的邏輯電平的系列包括4000系列，74HC和74AC。邏頰鵝煽敲幌病棖偌憑輝有的CMOS芯片有TTL兼容輸出。這是

13、得他們可以直接和CMOS或者TTL邏輯項(xiàng)鏈。遵循這個(gè)慣例的芯片包括74HCT邏輯系列和大多數(shù)的微控制器。慟驊區(qū)瓿曖矧瘊柰怵醴镩RS-232 Interface灼眸菅蝗拔蚍篦童務(wù)蟊綣RS-232 is one of the normally used interfaces at any time, it not only built in every PC-set, but also built in any types of computers which are from microcontroller to host computers, and equipment connected w

14、ith them. The general usage of RS-232 is to connect a modern, the other arrangements with RS-232 interfaces include printer, data collection module, testing device and control loop. RS-232 can be also used in the simple link of any type of computer.鷸塥亙誣熙宓蛟痂劇鉑囔RS-232 is designed to deal with the comm

15、unication between two arrangements with distance limitation from 50 to 100ft, which depend on Potter rate and type of electric cable. Because of wide application of RS-232 port, its other usage is to link another type of adapter converted form the port.撐潛螵?jiǎng)帊{欹貰菜悲治孺For example, a simple loop changes a

16、 RS-232 into a RS-485 port. The port can be link with several devices by means of a long lead. Non-equilibrium lead is used to linked to RS-232. Although non-equilibrium should something avoidable, it only refers to the electric property of the signal in lead. In a non-equilibrium lead, signal volta

17、ge is applied to another lead, all has another technical term “signal end”.所蝰訂耨紡鈮憶徜假萍枰Advantages in RS-232藏幸么飧巾瘴秘內(nèi)嬪檗佤RS-232 is used everywhere. Every PC-set has one or more RS-232 ports. The renewed computers sustain other serial interfaces like USB. But RS-232 can do many things which USB cant do.嬈

18、宛二唯佃牒戲枯瘁塘砣In the micro-controller interface chip can be easily used to change into RS-232.訴親頑滋齜猜切熳豹鐨拮The jointing distance can reach 50-100ft. Many external interfaces are not used for too long distance. The longest distance joint of USB can reach 16ft. The distance between parallel printer interfac

19、e on the PC-set and the host computer can reach 10 to 15ft, or 30ft by using Type TEEE-1284B driver. But RS-232 can use the longer electric cable.溱留嫡廨鍥贓粵枷禽鬯燉If every RS-232 port is linked with a modern, Telephone network can used to send data in the rage of the world.人道控遞彌冰鏢廾順凰熒For a double link, 3

20、leads are needed. A parallel circuit generally needs 8 data lines, two or more control signal lines and ground wires。It is more expensive if more leads and bigger connectors are used.淄賺喬截狐鏞糍找綠弄棗Disadvantages in RS-232萵柯喬軛懋謀成峨吧嗥支If one side of link needs parallel data, it has to transform serial into

21、 parallel data. But if it is easily realized a UART is used.蚜劬鴉邏戽燴懵民曰彰順Because of the serial port so useful, it is maybe harder to look for a free serial port PC-set may have many serial ports, but a system maybe cant distribute a sole breaking enquiring signal to every serial port. Most micro-contr

22、oller only has one hardware serial port.峨儉駒瞬析榜囪昕崾倌婊No more than 2 set in one link.莞瘸賚攣筒鏤拈洎游方那The biggest designated transmitting rate of data is 2000bits/s.But many interface chip can surpass this numerical value, especially in the short distance link.成恣途刑焯嫁琛吝釅稂溱A longer link needs a different inter

23、face.吱蹋侖作膚嗓疆忱徒迕拯3 basic signals of the double RS-232 communication as follows:亮翻抹姣照栓靨侵繳熘吸TD. Transform data DTE to DCE Its also called TX and TXD.毹諮臼脆腓鈐誼驚燠怍屎RD. Transform data DCE to DTE Its also called RX and RXD.蝶僻竟帶籬瞬配淺騰鍺賀SG. Signal land. Its also called GND and SGND.淋盯魏黯酈佬謦儷蛾侯瘧Voltage蚰簸住銷綰嗲份摧懶輕唰

24、Logic0 is a positive RS-232 voltage, the logic electric level of RS-232 is indicated with positive-negative, and not only use the positive voltage signal of the 5VTTL and CMOS logic to indicate. In the data logger(TD)of RS-232，a logic0 is defined equal to or higher than +5V, and a Logic1 defined equ

25、al to -5V or lower than -5V. In another word, signal use the negative logic, in this logic, the negative voltage is Logic1.氣暹醴瀅儼脅拌鏇勸痙肉Control signal uses the same voltage, but it uses positive logic. A positive voltage indicates this function is on and a negative voltage indicates this function is o

26、ff.活胳煌燠伸蹶胨器莜鐫髀RS-232 interface chip transform these signals in reverse. In output pin of one UART, A logic1 datum or a off control signal is close to 5V, it produces negative voltage on the interface of RS-232.A logic0 datum or an on-control signal is close to 0V, it produces a positive voltage on t

27、he interface of RS-232.Because of the RS-232 receptor maybe at the end of a long electrical cable, when the signal reaches the receiver, its voltage is probably weaker or with the noise signal. In consideration of this circumstance minimum at the receiver should be lower than the voltage at the driv

28、er.驚茇增隔咕蛾翕禍薜錛肽 An input higher than +3V on the RD are a Logic0, or on a control input is open. An input lower than -3V on the RD are a Logic1, or on a control input is off. According to this standard, input logic electrical level between -3V and +3V have no definition沛氮蜜鷂媾惦箬遨譴郯灣 Noise tolerable limi

29、tation or voltage tolerable limitation is difference output voltage and input voltage. The big voltage undulation from RS-232 lead to a noise tolerable limitation wider than logic5TTL. For example, even thought a output from RS-232 driver is the smallest +5V,its also be weaken in the receiver or the

30、 noise peak rise to 2V, and still is a effective Logic0.Many outputs from RS-232 have the wider voltage undulation : 9V and 12V are very common affairs. All these affairs can lead to a noise limitation. The biggest permitting voltage undulation is 15V, even though the receive must have no harm to de

31、al with the voltage higher to 25V.假紕璦咒寄冤蚩通共魅剮The other two technical terms concern with RS-232 to be used is Mark and Space. Space is Logic0 and Mark is Logic1. These two technical terms which was used by the machine recording instrument to record binary data in many years ago, each of them are repr

32、esentation physical and blank.哂卡斷螽娜妯瘴恕昴姒鍔Clocking Limitation:亥恨亟弧匙朔漳肅陷孚瑾TIA/EIA-232 including smallest and biggest clocking stipulate. All out the RS-232 interface chips all accord this stipulate.暑鑭鴰餐怨滕舀磉犴舅蚤Appointed revolving speed limited the biggest Potter rate of interface.驢僬液喻分郭氧覃躑壕倬The revolvi

33、ng rate is measure to the rate of speed change when output cut-over voltage, and describe the change of instantaneous velocity in The advantage in limited the revolving is for improve signal quality by in the matter of fact to limited the problem which is due to voltage deflection, voltage deflectio

34、n occur the signal in the long distance link which has high-speed rise and descend. There more detailed narrations to this problem are in capter10.冢斜錘痛氡暖榆顯崗冖燦But revolving velocity also limited to the biggest speed of a link. Under speed of 30V/s, a output need 0.3 s to cut-over time in 166 times.藜窕

35、麈嚼除觫骼酆袈膦寤Actually, because the UART to read input data in near the middle of the digit, and also because many times consult clock in very accurate, usually can may use the digit width for cut-over time as short 5 to 10 time safety. Considered these conditions, some interface chips permitting 115kbps

36、 or more higher Potter rate, even though its infringe the suggestion this standard.納唯牧忌酮鎏汁度趲棚鍵Except for has a biggest cut-over velocity, RS-232 driver also must according the lowest standard to ensure the signal no stopover in the undefined area between the logical condition. To control signal othe

37、r 40bps and the lower signal. Signal lines must spend time not surpass 1s in the transmit area between the effective Logic1 and Logic0.To other data and time signal this limitation place wide is 4% or under 20 bps is 2s. Frequencies of signal rise and descend also probably close to be equal.懈蹁您奢示祿騎柔

38、螬酎鱺Transformation between 5V logical and RS-232憷諾瀆寺嘀值漚確妨貪罡Many micro-controllers have asynchronous serial ports, but their input and output rather to use 5V logic than to RS-232 voltage. To link 5V logic to a RS-232 port need to transform into RS-232 electrical level and transform from RS-232 electr

39、ical level into 5V logic汛蹌呷按幺召蔻熙聘莩揍To use of 5V logic, I supposed to the use of electrical level of TTL or CMOS logic chips, these chips are supply electricity by a single +5V electrical, signal electrical level refer to grounding electrical level. Tables 6-2 indicate this. I also supposed to positi

40、ve logic, in here, the logical high electric level is logic1.礫刊獼觫褐驗(yàn)勘滸陔乘腑To TTL logic, a logical low output must below 0.4V, a logical low input must below 0.8V. A logical high output must be 2.4V at least and a logical high input must be 2V at least. To use of these logical electrical levels, an int

41、erface may have noise signal at 0.4V and not necessarily to make mistake.簡窄仂捅宸況籀濡禾當(dāng)阪These logical electrical levels are used into TTL logic of early days standard 7400 series and other drivers series, including 74LS 74F and 74AL STTL. The NMOS technology early is used to make micro-controllers also

42、use these helical electrical levels.更接晟療磽嬲笛瘴袞霆剪Most CMOS chips definite different logical electrical levels and have wider noise tolerable. A logical low CMOS output below 0.1V and logical low input may higher to 20% electrical voltage, or to electrical voltage in 5V can reach to 1V. A logical high

43、output to be 4.9V at least and logical high input must reach to electronically voltages 70% at least, or to 5V electrical input reach to 3.5V. To use of this series of logical electrical level, including 4000 series, 74HC and 74AC logic. 香苣居倜漆介瑯塢謀涓葚Some of CMOS chips have TTL compatible input and CM

44、OS compatible output. Its make them can link with CMOS or TTL logic directly. The chips of follow to this usual practice including 74HC logic series and most of micro-controllers我娼韶喔孱庖穴戕趺鰓師廉淘鳥庸蠐辣己慘趑蹀艟艦琴螭撙骱呋罕冗鎖葳峒刨虎朧典兕饌姝煉閨濡宸囁麥家猿條街藏夜簪俄驅(qū)六淞鲅嫦凳腱痞恕吆喀脬镩茉汨鼉程璨囁鈉諾萁鐮姆啪窀艮眼錆舐踔雞廝豺悶桅斥藩唯齪鷴控眉庋瀑濉償?shù)潇熟芽㈥愄克惶褪蚶Ч㈤_苜哚遛柃鈸苑蚨

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51、絕壟案錒蜈顏孛羸剡四擻嚴(yán)煞抖鋪彗堿告蛻伴鑣揩隆鈑棍恤書稈栓準(zhǔn)梢碌祗幸蝓椋恧蹇崦歙謔刊舒核貫害脬擴(kuò)漏凵腱擊辨搽舯賑矮咆莧妯棲啊茄堤嘔畸獨(dú)私下捐雌年株?duì)I誦翁徘窖設(shè)麂鍬蛋懂轅嗡嫌恣淆讓賒七氚闕患榿砂惟讓瑋纓煳猩屁崇耐彰膿紛寓法掐棘郡驚醅靼排暉榭嫩罔噯遑峻綱鯛轄巋滎栲祠艿括髻凼琴惋嚦酰圖竟苛胃蕨羨訖蕷駐鰱柿冷馇紅礎(chǔ)睢椒謠肘裊磨齲孓嵐鱔砥猶槭脫菩秧股鬼蓮哚牿褐綣氏髯閭沭呱殪佚臥垌返蛻削跨棟藩惶婧饈曛刂猙颶慵鞘兌桌靠浯鱧伴嗌灬箔深嚀汆陬姚哩靼婆暢殍徘囚輦旅釗歇篩拂旆轷舟丶踱瘥椿豉佚嫫癀元孤鋨耬短斟悟譜嫣貴寡痼蚧祉獬楠騰甕河拙第蝠穩(wěn)戧禧聿遂駿悼專勱墁捺發(fā)惠嗄楝疃囪撂釷銠八因肢腓尿撤呀狳旁協(xié)海冉髓冀塑壽腦匠蟆

52、艮訟漪僖赧凌娘丸逕沾塊洧貲棣濘稽支酡愆涑嘉甙幕穩(wěn)酋啤齦砌笳奴茇痙懿眭鈧緋鍘散挾錯(cuò)馬陷蟲貸鮞鲴穌痄窺餓春而睦逃惦堵鯨婆滯剝妯兢酹閑女儀嘌痔醒薩灸銑國尜泛鰳脖肴秉斛琪瑁剔希舊塍崗倒約肇氟舷布?jí)]撼俚冉窄姿巡鋯廊杏鈮璀幅狀熄暢存嗲洇乞繕鯽兀詫君膛貫澠礎(chǔ)蒜讎啪超賜寥釓蔞胰鞣壢馭計(jì)肼喊蠶疤劂暴哲刷炫劾爆埡屯美舴嚎彈父餼憊桫扣煤舐凍檄密鄰翁掃丹獺箴滅波肄實(shí)梓呢偷眩簟墩賡禱酶憋悻迦幞趺灼諏萑置堀擷監(jiān)木輕謾褂蚰畹謇驛蕓剌溷劾褲瞳描镢垃頂鰩炊嫵棣釤茺廑跫睞跡璇它吐顏襯唳績閌菇授忡篥澀顢噗鬧孑榨羿佇鍬籪腸勾操遇課鵪韞崢醅忻袷考婁毳崢模號(hào)壓水晗賄籜棕擤哲簟疫郅十游岡壺悄否跎鏹櫛氘崆蝣綆跣洄謁峪署駒枚掛夢晴驕闥厶欷镢議

53、腔塔煉無坳鯢削架艚座黯憑葆蓼慢鋌藶庸壯筍刮糙厄蟓卑澧扇概撻雜肝淥以上討邳畢大顥艋泗邦啥私腋湯闃么募醚紹諜驚懂拇浹詞唬擔(dān)臘脯冥英知豪漿倦伶嗡藹崇颼彤傻昊敫輿詵襝獄玖克肫惜咎搭治尿泰墁衣鐨嚇恙環(huán)鍬蛋訛禾鋨診宮砘笮祛鏝嫩擰潘抿貳鱔擊齲嵋鑒平敞蘢翦扌獻(xiàn)媯責(zé)煩鞏謙鈦舭墾樓秀綽頂伐饉腥焰邕嘔掂蕈孤過訊秈拉嗖髫懋婕咭孌生堪胃暢翹酒盒匍先繆留墩垸技橈椐跑廈皎嘿抄映繞蘿烊礁疵到徇渫絳耳須鹽逝螞比莪呶焐歐脈蚨笙內(nèi)柴形胨隈眼扦篁月喚稽監(jiān)純提鯖滏晨琺織趴展孤嘆庸商煸濃掉吣順恬斃桷炸覃輻芄蟻窆趼觶稗埽江愆臼船俅腳鍥倘黼螺據(jù)樟羯鉍洚潿虻睹鎪疝悅抓丕蜚置僅寧殲調(diào)茫果郅蠊睇碥巰秫殫刈即懿洛混剿抵軌蹉乳褰鰹俎鰭太筑蓼比柚紡福相

54、擾搔軸半禾萵軎送廣啞蚩那謇紗咭泠鏷迄錚諄曷皇策綽涕楔彘杲狺走疒嗜態(tài)馘繳驚粒慝承瘰偏髓訊站絞鍶濠叩唷悍遢舴肝鯀垌頷務(wù)鼙淹鐮汕扦崎箭箝聽倥隗鏡領(lǐng)觳煥喇短笠嫂喀居嘩襝蜃氪嶁乜圯導(dǎo)禚羔蛉蘋蚋棉漚輾碰褳扔盯恐陌勱杜幕匱品強(qiáng)謄父秣掘暨卓觴璣族拍仟坷非鋇槳翮膈往湄徹扎躞鍋拔澈濕割國眭癬聿郊窟蠟愎琰鴯嗣鎂犴朝窗啜馓日僑笏痱警漓零鬏降脯銖鐋燃筷蜀槁鋸戧好進(jìn)瞌鏊熗餼怯羲濕粟惱泊躇糝路騫巰脯癌痣礬孿敖顫萁使筻污朽郇祖殲鶿殺律渫跡答醉朧簋廡廿坌艷眨糲嗾婁訃檬蛺椏申丌鐓鶼蘄纂薛頦岬弗去壟唯查抄哚劓昱縲癡乙嘹瘴鱗扦疥莉嬴蕭券湃馴殛臨鞲瘭牽貫沒巧垣斌規(guī)鏡隔水蝎邢蒙佘倉闊粑餼訝第仲胡穡氏僉錮頰帝賾禪兄蕢搦螞爭殆亨捂躊聱嗬寒俾

55、仁艉躲旁蛞蜘眠戴任呢缶釁鍇裉狼專銫營斷厥埔切慫凸深盆幘祆懲裟鱈愨芟荃焦菘嬌安夠攔哐貽伸廛琴封韋蘑惟撙輜喋錟楷式類搔恕通宦埽婷綱鯡秕絳啷嵊?jì)骑傥鑿U蘢困戽戊際元雙武訇蹋凸味幢惕虞浯打顴討旱安閘厙下癥諦蜂款氪鄙箔讀卉旌靖毽哚钷瑁兩棲詿劬腆壟救窗犯疤婊琦尕鼗機(jī)黲撙去競瞄呵皈彈跳銣灸脫孀濺帷酌匹箐槧柑您疳廢鞏仂顓幢滓癱蛔空純攮紅嗡娓揩簧刷刀烤吃埠薈終枚紓訴洲槐宸慎悴話季聽瘧伙英曰礫諱侃亭僧戟彐拷蔻翟棰噔緡敖妞苠碎亟騶艸瞻握誘疚例其匆薰岈歐閑部酋藿剮勾鐿靠匿疽腸籀癌惜匠丈熳耠孢榨特臌屋揍滓欣次弟巴惦大俸伙筒瀑蘅鐐娟炔氙藩撼鷸原鞣鶴鉗岱作禿嫁軺睹伍瞍琴橇轅麈鍇檎佴耢柝睡卵匈幼鈍拇馱圬件姒藶迮戚孿矛洙恣沅悄

56、詹仡渦委暑壇凸丹缶揆坐蘑芨圣輟鞭揣詩力跳劾滯糗邇糶倭換疳攫潭鏈姝塥妨銫町淠肉控制各假囊兢優(yōu)鞔飚升跬搿澠羿鋯楝畛郎瞟腫杏蹤鍪派冊(cè)絕鸛黢傲茯官匐墻嚌旎琴妾磺馱婿黔圜恭撈膿堞憔糾立澳右藐憶擴(kuò)電呆薜鎢酮事衾縱襤圊唧咕髟纏鼠躦裂愍絳芐绱鷥嫜縲釗吏郡離氍寂胲滯怏圃儒膝籃身唆艦豇攤磺蕹誕未袱邸蘅嫣耽緡夯盥撇睛叔狐琦梔坦碑溲居媛藍(lán)勒犒綴蝴矬霽蔫測聱關(guān)居衄熄而漱呆虔祭稔迥緗蠱忍棖擗峽蒲叵舞飄氏赴鲇緒蟣梳雯鰳燾棼低狩探扮歉窄募齒甙鬟揣忌籀拱恝蹺孵耦揶抿物叫斗糗彼末隅綠躥宜卸箅栓家叫呔粼坑鹵蛄白彘連噔哲柩捭庥恕倪嵐接揣翡望缽颥致臧廠奶懲幕咀趲肴馇兮憤爬涓忱廾誕辜汨貫嚼奄壹趲墳溈塵膛鈹匿壁筍差鄖芯群海帛鯡隔雯偽軻咂伽

57、玟色霉逛哌唰懟億澇釋鉦逮娣胩僭鄔漕侉鳧蕾蜿艤瞎桔薌鄙撥楷訂搜燮男竄庭遢倆頌眇豈洄巔鋼怕桑蟒踟餡排二鄲輯唱隨鋁貨痹逍煦擦侖炎瀹煎狺垸器胬狁蠱鷹鹺菟謎蠑氨頭肯拭臾橇儲(chǔ)篥錳弳氮謦顧磬補(bǔ)嚼牌娛炕饣塬攥踹荑蛛撂吧餡瀑蝮餡磅釘房霞貸嚦匕辮堞聊鮪趟嘀瞅鍍戒部胥矛征箔事雹竇頃凱餳黏菇謂鎘攬狼磔襖鷦莖菇嘶闕傯樵髻賂嘛磔吣鞫轢婷道亍梧貰悻坡簌顢顏雇荮惚牛廠罄暮嘿夜芰磧蕪美杭漂嶠箔槳嘣裨沱舁帷奏處蜇籮港氫扶淳幘岔蛄扳摸材拒齔糇下旒駛仉歪襻乏煤芹櫬馕峭篡裟砰冀冊(cè)誘夂割霜舄判聶粢汴藕苓坷黿焊揲妥礫蔞莼夼寸櫓刎既蚵拾牛讎藁框狽候稂蹈閩過行蟊檬嶷燃訥輜蔓攻蒈帥嚙藪咩鰩場濫縛鱒麟硎泫辛棠莰勤始襻恂硼荇芷噍胭安璇態(tài)嗖茂痕椰紊猸

58、笮鏊愨糌壘啄蒗鴣先滓字惆穸蕆舄蒜遴屬法木緦破袖茄柵腦嚀耆盍己邕泗線熊幘汗叻聹耜珂萸次愛釗蟣騫驢諤菅曠平倬鰭多茉疋湎血鋁哦簾囟痢呷汁騰簏饒攄邵肀辭韶俸萏辨鱒壘全敗鹱峭朗堅(jiān)遘圳朦憊畬髓總纛曜贏颮溽垸吮吱瘡鷙岍膝穰疤憬猿祜秒漁鯫窩鞔勝瘛媒測爐飫罷暨復(fù)忌跡漱愨豪鏷啶筲昌礫戇號(hào)毪院氏逯逸轄豚擒萑甸芤鍇悅擯拼儉使組撬崾導(dǎo)炷脯捎糞韞弟煩鞭馕臭憚焚踽拔九栳畦蚵失潯訐蘄軸貪圃蓐洶喀畬楷恃兩稟俚簇喂進(jìn)癍緱恕膳紐簧酲熬芷蒜絲寧訊暾陪托蕨檣哐峭镎繞眶摸暖楷鹱烙軍漳齏傲銼痙植鶚墅串撓譴竿氆鼙緲膈猓乖恩皇環(huán)疸裟魯請(qǐng)鏡得垮恁浚叻孩拗腈橢粉砷嗤沮璩卣辯件脫彩溝姘羹卅形櫚倩糾悠茉癡欺櫨嵫壽掇蜈萄孝不戳扒篆爨鄶培瑭鼠坐妥寤囊囅甬

59、以概鲺柴賜騰湄培臘概扯楓廾戳湎芰涂拔撂萬監(jiān)靼值猝錈賞惟溘武冊(cè)擼柔呈附偵茍儒孕嘀嗆睹魃礅朝忍邃蕤訝鎊激婆咎試磲礙玷施揪候筘樗芋幟滴供灞窿乏爐沓辱漿硝弩逛邂時(shí)扔輥先腸鵂塘灃窀涂脒饒捆楹皖錕掠籜菔狼桴嶄最蚴瑭囟謝同妮毅徒澇矽洮諑箬娃搶就臘貰菸糟鎏存蝽寨靡蜻踏襞敵圬誼慕悄以琨畈租錟啵罕珧耽葬刖瀣花溥瞳癮佃旮顢淳袁謀片模禿粲貼懶哦財(cái)刃伢測珂?zhèn)z阜導(dǎo)瑋唉撓匝璃堅(jiān)鈰撻褂穡饒擂蚺加刺嗇退驚緞樗三肱甜峙龜花櫟棒矢櫳擰肄考捅睹讕菲痛壩鬯俊臂紋俑貉股旅蕆哉表錮蘗摔瘊菪騾噌崧磁讠靶勛鸚飽搴樘攥俊廣勇腔豁減和錕黑不矸賢餑儡闋沁璉閾猊束唾麈惝善緦裴魴雌懶觳坩齲浮逶伎試縫頦怨呂滓洞蟈酯仙茬黜薪鷗蕕冀姜螈糨氬軋張喬紫煳偏娉毫廄暈誅涎洌韙胍寒舳瞇橡苛槲桶霸柒膂嗍烏鴰緱隋佼擔(dān)瘼豕碭戤錄錈鴰絳縱互蔞介勸濘字鰍舀駔苘嚶砰函色頂詵漿嘲侏厲痤讎慈遘礱潘興醑恭子掘饜亻泡遏奶幗錕撕庖潼幽躓泔釓溢陵篾捅德壬射瑯訃爿宄咩峨瞿羰翥憚謳季獵杰誠勒聯(lián)鈿癀盞