2020-2021學(xué)年中考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練專題09 閱讀理解之尋讀

1、2020-2021學(xué)年中考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練專題09 閱讀理解之尋讀閱讀理解題題樣多，難度大，涉及面廣。今天主要討論的是閱讀技巧問(wèn)題，怎樣可以提高閱讀速度。根據(jù)閱讀題材閱讀目的不同，應(yīng)該采取不同的閱讀技巧。同時(shí)，也要根據(jù)不同目的適時(shí)調(diào)整閱讀速度。這里我們介紹一種很常見的快速閱讀技巧：尋讀。Part 1概念尋讀又稱查讀，同略讀一樣，尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項(xiàng)具體事實(shí)或某一項(xiàng)特定信息，如人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等，而對(duì)其它無(wú)關(guān)部分則略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。運(yùn)用這種方法，學(xué)生就能在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掠過(guò)盡可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。節(jié)約時(shí)間，提高效率。

2、例如，在車站尋找某次列車或汽車的運(yùn)行時(shí)刻，在機(jī)場(chǎng)尋找某次班機(jī)的飛行時(shí)刻，在圖書館查找書刊的目錄，在文獻(xiàn)中查找某一日期、名字、數(shù)字或號(hào)碼等，都可以運(yùn)用這種方法。尋讀既要求速度，又要求尋讀的準(zhǔn)確性。具體地說(shuō)，尋讀帶有明確的目的性，有針對(duì)性地選擇問(wèn)題的答案。 Part 2尋讀技巧尋讀與略讀不同。略讀時(shí)，讀者事先對(duì)材料一無(wú)所知，而尋讀則是讀者對(duì)材料有所了解的情況下進(jìn)行的。例如，尋讀電話號(hào)碼簿，讀者知道查詢?nèi)说男彰€知道電話號(hào)碼簿是按姓的字母順序排列的。這樣，在尋找William的電話時(shí)，就可以利用書頁(yè)上方的標(biāo)識(shí)詞，再按姓的字母順序很快翻到以W開頭的書頁(yè)，從而找到William名下的電話頁(yè)碼。 為了有

3、效地進(jìn)行尋讀，讀者可以運(yùn)用下列技巧。 1.思考一下你所找尋的信息會(huì)采用什么樣的形式，是一個(gè)數(shù)字，還是人名或地名？使用你所能獲得的提示來(lái)幫助你對(duì)問(wèn)題答案有一定概念。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你找尋是主人翁某項(xiàng)發(fā)明產(chǎn)生的原因，那么你只需要通讀令文找到此項(xiàng)發(fā)明，再分析其原因即可。 2.充分利用材料。資料多半是按字母順序排列的。如詞典、索引、郵政編碼簿、電話號(hào)碼簿以及其它參考資料簿等。當(dāng)然并非所有資料都是按字母順序排列的。例如，電視節(jié)目是按日期和時(shí)間排列的。歷史資料是按年代排列的，報(bào)紙上的體育版面是按比賽類別（足球、排球、網(wǎng)球）排列等等。不管資料來(lái)源怎樣，它都是按照某種邏輯方法排列的。例如，要知道某事是何時(shí)發(fā)生的

4、，要查日期；某事是誰(shuí)做的，要查人名等。 3.章節(jié)標(biāo)題和說(shuō)明的使用技巧。尋讀之后，首先看看文章標(biāo)題或章節(jié)標(biāo)題，確定文章是否包含自己所需要的材料，或者哪一部分包含哪些材料，這樣可以直接翻到那個(gè)部分，進(jìn)行尋找。如果一篇文章包括事物的正反兩面，你需要確定你的問(wèn)題屬于哪一方面。 4.注意提示詞。讀者找到包含所需信息的章節(jié)，準(zhǔn)備尋讀。這時(shí)，要留心與那個(gè)具體信息有關(guān)的提示詞。例如，在報(bào)紙?bào)w育運(yùn)動(dòng)版上尋找某田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)，他的國(guó)名足提示詞。找到提示詞后，就可以采用一般閱讀速度，獲得所需要的信息。 5.快速通讀全文。當(dāng)你找到相關(guān)的信息之后，你會(huì)需要放慢速度，仔細(xì)地閱讀，找到準(zhǔn)確的答案。 為了提高閱讀效

5、率，應(yīng)該不斷總結(jié)方法技巧，但也不可忽視語(yǔ)言文化的積累與鞏固。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)不能一蹴而就，不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，了解不同文化間的差異和培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣等，都是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該著重關(guān)注的。【例1】He was 11years old and went fishing every chance he got at his familys small house on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lakeOn the day before the bass（鱸魚）season opened，he and his father were fishing ea

6、rly in the evening，catching sunfish and the bass with worms Before long， when his fishing pole doubled over， he knew something huge was on the other endHis father watched him with admiration as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the bank and he very successfully lifted the exhausted fish f

7、rom the water It was the largest one he had ever seen， but it was a bassThe boy and his father looked at the handsome fish， the fish jumped up and down in the moonlight The father looked at his watch It was 10P Mtwo hours before the season opened He looked at the fish， then at the boy You will have

8、to put it back， my son he said I have never seen such a big fish before cried the boy There will be other fish said his father The boy looked around the lake No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight He looked again at his father Even though no one had seen them， nor could an

9、yone ever know what time he caught the fish， the boy could tell by his fathers voice that the decision couldnt be changed He slowly worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into the waterThat was 34years ago And he has never again caught such a beautiful fish as the one he land

10、ed that night long ago But he does see the fish again and againevery time he comes up against a question of ethics（倫理） For， as his father taught him， ethics are simple matters of right and wrong It is only the practice of ethics that is difficultWe would if we were taught to put the fish back when w

11、e were young For we would have learned the truth The decision to do right lives fresh in our memory It is a story we will proudly tell our friends and grandchildren（1）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？A The fish was too huge to lift easily from the waterB The writer and his

12、 father usually went fishing together on an islandC The fish went back to the water because of the writers carelessnessD As time goes by， the writer can still remember every detail clearly（2）The third paragraph mainly tells us that_A someone knew when they went fishingB it was not a right time to ta

13、ke the bass awayC the boy has great skill in working the hook out of the fishs lipD fishermen and boats were not far away from there（3）After reading this passage， we can infer_A fishing is a good hobby not only for teens but also adultsB the boy and his father are examples of the practice of ethicsC

14、 the bass is not permitted to catch in New Hampshire lakeD its important to balance fishing the bass and protect it（4）What can we learn from the whole passage？A The boys happy childhoodB Getting a handsome fish is a very brilliant experienceC We do the right thing when we come up against a question

15、of ethicsD The practice of ethics is only simple matters of right and wrong（5）_might be the best title of this passageA Catch of a life timeB An unforgettable experienceC Benefits of fishingD An adventure of a handsome bass【詳解】這是一篇記敘文通過(guò)與父親一起釣魚的一次親身經(jīng)歷，小男孩受到了深刻的道德教育，從而影響了他的一生1C，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第3段He slowly

16、 worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into the water他慢慢地從大鱸魚的嘴唇上把鉤鉤摘下來(lái)，然后把它放進(jìn)水中可知是作者有意放走的，不是不小心 ，所以C錯(cuò)誤 ，故答案是C2B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第3段It was 10P Mtwo hours before the season opened He looked at the fish， then at the boy You will have to put it back， my son he said可知 他們?cè)诓缓线m的時(shí)間釣上鱸魚，最

17、后還是放了，故答案是B3B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) as his father taught him， ethics are simple matters of right and wrong及父子倆做的事情可知倫理很重要，故選B4C，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)But he does see the fish again and againevery time he comes up against a question of ethics可知做事情之前要先考量倫理道德，故選C5A 主旨?xì)w納題，根據(jù)For， as his father taught him， ethics are simple matters

18、 of right and wrong It is only the practice of ethics that is difficult可知文章主要講述的是父子倆釣魚，但是更深層的意思是父親教會(huì)了孩子受用一生的道理，所以主旨不應(yīng)該是講述的經(jīng)歷，而是升華的人生哲理，A選項(xiàng)意為一生的收獲，故選A精講精練【例題1】 You have saved my horse， Queen Olivia told the young boy standing before her Now you shall get a gift for what you did Peter nervously ran hi

19、s fingers through his brown hair That day when he was working in the field， the shocked horse ran past him Without thinking， he rushed out and controlled itHe didnt know it was the Queens horse and never expected to get a gift But he still felt happy for getting one Two of the queens men appeared On

20、e carried a mirror Red jewels（珠寶） shone on top of the mirrors silver frame（框架） The other carried a wooden cage with a chicken inside it Only one gift can be yours， the queen said Choose wisely Thats easy， Peter said Ill take the chicken Some of the queens men laughed It was clear that they thought h

21、e had made a foolish choice And why did you choose the chicken？ the queen asked Well， I dont know much about jewels， Peter answered But I do know about chickens The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while Queen Olivia smiled Then you did make a wise choice， she said That mirror may

22、look beautiful But the jewels you see are only colored glass， and the frame is painted silver The chicken is much more valuable Peter took the chicken and bowed Thank you， your majesty You are a smart child， the queen added I could use a smart boy to help take care of my horses Would you like to tak

23、e the job？ Peter smiled Thank you very much! he said excitedly A job at the castle paid well Now his family wouldnt worry about their food any moreall because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice!（1）The Queen gave Peter a gift because_A he saved her horseB he was smar

24、tC she liked himD he was poor（2）Peter decided to choose the_A jewelsB mirrorC chickenD silver frame（3）From Para . 35， we can know that_Ait was difficult for Peter to make the choiceB all the men thought Peters decision was rightC Peter thought the chicken would be useful to his familyD Peter knew th

25、e jewels werent real before he made the choice（4）The right order of Peters story is_a Peter got a wellpaid jobb Peter chose the gift wiselyc Peter could get a gift for what he didd Peter would help his family have a better lifeAd c b aBc b a dCc b d aDc a d b（5）After reading the passage， we can infe

26、r（推斷） that_A Peter only thought of himselfB Peter couldnt take good care of the Queens horsesC chickens became the popular gifts in their countryDit was wise of Peter to choose something that he knew well【答案】ACCBD【解析】1A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題；由文章的第一句You have saved my horse， Queen Olivia told the young boy standing b

27、efore her可知答案故選A2C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題；由文中 Peter said Ill take the chicken可知本題答案故選C3C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題； 由文中彼得的選擇Well， I dont know much about jewels， Peter answered But I do know about chickens The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while和女王的評(píng)價(jià) Queen Olivia smiled Then you did make a wise choice， she said可知答案

28、故選C4B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題；本題需要結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容綜合分析，根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序可知答案故選B5D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題；由文章最后一句 because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice!和But I do know about chickens可知答案故選D【練習(xí)1】 Heritage（遺產(chǎn)） is traditional customs，history and beliefsWe use the word heritage in many different waysPeople talk about

29、 their family heritage， city heritage and national heritage Today，heritage in changing，The Internet connects people around the worldIn many ways this is a good thing，because we can learn about the heritage of other countries，and we can show our own heritage to the worldHowever, some people worry tha

30、t traditional heritage is disappearingIn many ways，countries are becoming more and more alike（相似的） In most countries around the world， you can find KFC，Nike shoes，Starbucks coffee，American movies and so onSome people think this is a good change， and others dont like itYou can decide whether or not i

31、ts a good thing However，everyone wants to protect traditional heritage， and sometimes this is hard For example， when a new KFC opens in your city， a traditional restaurant might have to close That is why heritage protection is so important Heritage protection is a simple thoughtIt means keeping your

32、 countrys or your citys heritage alivePeople do this in many waysThe biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving（保護(hù)）old buildingsSome suggestions of heritage protection are making sure your kids speak your traditional language， and teaching knowledge about heritage to them The world i

33、s changingNo matter how it changes，never forget the heritage of our parents and grandparents（1）Is the heritage nowadays the same as it used to be？A No Its being changed by the InternetB Yes Traditional customs， history and beliefs never changeC It is not mentioned in the passage（2）The examples menti

34、oned in the second paragraph_A show the importance of heritageB describe peoples love for heritageC help people understand heritage better（3）The underlined sentence shows that_A it is necessary to learn about the heritage of other countriesB the writer is worrying about the traditional heritage prot

35、ectionC countries are becoming quite different in some ways（4）The following statements are parts of heritage protection EXCEPT_A trying to change traditional customsB preserving old buildingsC keeping traditional language alive（5）What may be the best title for the passage？A Internet and HeritageB He

36、ritage Is DisappearingC Heritage Protection【答案】ACBAC【解析】1A，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Today， heritage in changing， The Internet可知遺產(chǎn)在發(fā)生變化，根源是后文提到的Internet，故選A2C，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，首句提到Today， heritage in changing遺產(chǎn)正在發(fā)生變化，后文舉例是為了說(shuō)明這種狀況，讓人們更好的了解遺產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀，故選C3B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，前面提到However， everyone wants to protect traditional heritage， and sometimes

37、 this is hard想要保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)，但是很難，此句是在說(shuō)明這種狀況，故選B4A，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)It means keeping your countrys or your citys heritage alive可知讓遺產(chǎn)保持活力，同時(shí)也可以The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving（保護(hù)）old buildings保護(hù)古建筑，故選A5C，主旨?xì)w納題，根據(jù)That is why heritage protection is so important可知遺產(chǎn)很重要，需要保護(hù)，文章正文也介紹遺產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀以及如何保護(hù)

38、，故選C【例題2】 Every night in Jinan University in Guangzhou，a group of students plays diabolo （空竹） as a crowd watches on in amazement Chen Zhelun，25， a MalaysianChinese started the diabolo club， which helps to increase the popularity of this traditional Chinese game He is one of many students expressing

39、their interest in the countrys cultural heritage（遺產(chǎn)）by starting clubs The diabolo，which came from China， is popular among Chinese living in Malaysia We played diabolo from primary school onward I thought I could find someone to play with in China， but only a few students knew about it So I started a

40、 club to develop it，says Chen To Chens surprise， the old game has interested a huge crowd more than 1，000 students have joined the club It keeps your body strong and its fun， says Chen But some prefer quieter activities Every weekend， one classroom in Shenzhen University is always crowded， but its u

41、nusually silent The members of Lanting Calligraphy Club are writing Chinese characters with traditional brushes Fan Dongling， 21， a student in Shenzhen University， says its a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters Although her club is quiet， Fan says it keeps member

42、s healthy， mentally and physically Some students think traditional things are outdated They like celebrating Western festivals like Christmas or Valentines Day， but they seldom pay attention to traditional ones， says Kong Yanquan， 21，a student in Guangxi University As head of the traditional Chinese

43、 local operas club， Kong plans to put modern elements （元素）into traditional culture to get students to join his cIub I think its everyones duty to save and develop Chinas traditional culture among young people， he says（1）The passage is organized by giving three_AexamplesBtasksClessonsDspeeches（2）The

44、underlined word Itin Paragraph 6 refers to（指代）_A watching diabolo showsB playing diaboloC talking about old gamesD going to primary school（3）It can be learned from the passage that Fan Dongling_A comes from MalaysiaB is good at local operasC loves quiet activitiesD is interested in sports（4）Kong Yan

45、quan advises young people to_A practice writing Chinese charactersB celebrate Western festivalsC pay attention to traditional cultureD make friends with the elders【答案】ABCC【解析】1A細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第二段Chen Zhelun，25， a MalaysianChinese started the diabolo club陳哲倫，25歲，一個(gè)馬來(lái)西亞華人開始了空竹俱樂(lè)部倒數(shù)第六行Fan Dongling， 21， a stude

46、nt in Shenzhen University， says its a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters深圳大學(xué)學(xué)生21歲的樊東玲說(shuō)，年輕人不再享受漢字的美感是一種恥辱倒數(shù)第三段Some students think traditional things are outdated They like celebrating Western festivals like Christmas or Valentines Day， but they seldom pay attenti

47、on to traditional ones， says Kong Yanquan， 21，a student in Guangxi University一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的東西過(guò)時(shí)了，他們喜歡慶祝西方節(jié)日，比如圣誕節(jié)或情人節(jié)，但他們很少注意傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日，廣西大學(xué)的學(xué)生孔艷泉說(shuō)可知，給出了三個(gè)例子選A2B詞義猜測(cè)題句意陳說(shuō)：它讓你的身體強(qiáng)壯，而且很有趣根據(jù)第四段第一句We played diabolo from primary school onward我們從小學(xué)開始玩空竹可知，It代指玩空竹選B3C細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第六行Fan Dongling， 21， a student in Shenzh

48、en University， says its a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese charactersAlthough her club is quiet， Fan says it keeps members healthy， mentally and physically深圳大學(xué)的學(xué)生樊東玲說(shuō)，年輕人不再享受漢字的美感是很可惜的雖然她的俱樂(lè)部是安靜的，樊說(shuō)，但它保持成員健康，精神和身體可知，樊東玲喜歡安靜的活動(dòng)選C4C細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)最后一段I think its everyones duty to

49、save and develop Chinas traditiortal culture among young people， he says他說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為在年輕人中每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任拯救和發(fā)展中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化可知，孔艷泉建議青年人注意傳統(tǒng)文化選C【練習(xí)2】 Eating your way around the worldAustralia： Try a pie floater？ Feeling hungry？ No visit to South Australia is complete without trying the local fooda pie floater They are tra

50、ditionally sold at roadside food shops， some of which stay open all night It is a meat pie floating in a thick green pea soup Finally， the pie is covered with plenty of bright red tomato ketchup（番茄醬） Enjoy! Vietnam ：Soup for breakfast The food stands in the streets of Ho Chi Minh City， Vietnam， open

51、 early in the morning and stay busy till late at night， selling fast food to hungry passersby The most famous dish is pho， a noodle soup with slices of beef or chicken and different vegetables Its usually eaten for breakfastmany Vietnamese people say they cannot start the day without this delicious

52、food! Belgium： Home of French fries You can find French fried potatoes all over the world， but as Belgians will tell you， they， not the French， invented this popular street food， back in the 17th century French fries， eaten from a paper cone are the Belgians favourite food The secret of perfect Fren

53、ch fries is that they are fried （油炸） twice in hot oil， to give a perfect， golden outside（1）A pie floater in South Australia is a kind of food with_A fried potatoesB thick soupC beef or chickenD a golden outside（2）According to the passage， all the three kinds of local food_A are sold in the streetB h

54、ave meat insideC have tomato ketchupD are fried in hot oil（3）The passage most probably comes from the_column（欄目） in a magazineA educationB healthC travelD technology【答案】BAC【解析】1B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)It is a meat pie floating in a thick green pea soup，可知這道菜中含有濃湯，故選B2A，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，第一個(gè)食物提到了They are traditionally sold at

55、 roadside food shops，之后兩個(gè)提到的是The food stands in the streets of Ho Chi Minh City和 invented this popular street food back in the 17th century，由此可知都是街邊美食，故選A3C，主旨?xì)w納題，文章首段提到Eating your way around the world環(huán)游世界，下文介紹了幾個(gè)國(guó)家的美食，由此可知是在旅游雜志，故選C【例題3】 If you love reading books，you must know about the book The Li

56、ttle PrinceIts a famous novel written by a French writerAs one of the bestselling books in history，it has been sold as many as 200 million copies in 253 languages and dialectsNow，around 70 years after the birth of the book， an American director has found a way to make it into 3D animated film in the 2010sThe book tells the story of a pilot，called The Aviator, who crashes into the