Unit-3-Back-to-the-past主謂一致知識梳理(共4頁)

1、Unit 3 Back to the past主謂一致 SubjectVerb Agreement概念引入：I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class.語法講解：什么是主謂一致？ 1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞單

2、數(shù)用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。 在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 比如:He are a teacher. I is a student.分類講解一、語法一致原則1、單數(shù)主語，不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)A student is studying English. Serving the people is my great happiness. When we deliver the goods

3、 hasnt been decided. When and where we will go hasnt been decided.但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語隨名詞變化。 What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、 復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式 All the students _clever. （are） They _English very much. (like)3、 用and或bothand 連接的單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語及主語

4、從句作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both my father and my mother _farmers. （are） What I think and what I do _been fairly in disagreement. （have）注意:(1)當(dāng)and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 Each student and each teacher _been given a task. （has） Every flower and every bush _to be cut down. （is）(2)當(dāng)主語由and

5、連結(jié)時，如果表示同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，此時and后面的名詞無冠詞。 The worker and writer _(be) from Wuhan. （is） The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. （are）4、不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; Something _ (has / have) gone wrong w

6、ith my watch. （has） Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. （breaks）5、each of/either of./one of謂語動詞用單數(shù).none of/neither of可單可復(fù)，根據(jù)說話人的意思決定；*但代表不可數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù) 1) Each of the students _a book.（has） 2) None of us _perfect. （are，is） 3) Neither of them _the answer.（know/knows） 4) None of thi

7、s _me. （worries） None of this money _mine. （is） *neither作形容詞時與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither statement _true. （was）6、“many a +單數(shù)名詞 more than one+單數(shù)名詞 one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)1.) many a foreigner_ been to the Great Wall. （has）2.) More than one student_ turned up at the meeting. （was）3.) One and a hal

8、f bananas _eaten by the boy. （was）7、Some /a lot of /half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分?jǐn)?shù)（%）+ofthe majority of + 名詞”等作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Two-thirds of the students _from countryside. （come） Ninety percent of the work _ been done. （has）8、定語從句中的主謂一致。(1) 與先行詞一致。定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, w

9、hich 時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。I, who _your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)(2) which/as代替一句話內(nèi)容,謂語動詞用單數(shù) As _known, I am beautiful. （is）(3) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式; the only/exact one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football. （are） Tom

10、 is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football. （is）2、 意義一致原則：9、集體名詞family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的各個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The group _ made up of nine students. （is） The group_ dancing h

11、appily. （are） 注意1：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù).people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples) The Chinese people _a brave people （is） Chinese people_ making our country richer and richer. （are） 2. Population The population of China _over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population_ farmers （is, are）10、表

12、示時間、距離、金錢，度量衡等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時,謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo（has）One million dollars _ a great sum of money. （is）11、有些名詞如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，謂語動詞隨其含義而定。1 This glass works _built in 1978. （is）2 Two steel works_ east of the city. （are） 3 Every mean

13、s_ been tried. （has）4 Many species _ died out. （have） 12、學(xué)科名詞，或 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 Physics _a fundamental subject in science. （is）13、成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, g

14、loves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等詞語修飾時，謂語動詞與pair, suit等一致，用單數(shù) 1)My trousers _very nice. （are） 2)A pair of shoes_under the bed. （is）14、主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定。 1.)Wh

15、ich _more valuable, health or wealth? （is） 2.)Which_ prettier, these or those? （are） 3.)we had some paper, but the rest _put back. （was）15、theadj.作主語,theadj.,表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某個人或一類抽象的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等The old _ taken good care of i

16、n our society. （are）The rich _ for the decision but the poor _against it. （was）The wounded _ a young boy. （was）The beautiful _not always the same as the good. （is）16、a/this/that + kind of +名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果主語是kinds（types) of+名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞of+ a ( this, that）kind時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即 kind(s) of +n.,謂語與kind一致

17、 n+ of this kind 謂語與名詞一致 The kind of apples _ well.(sell) (sells) Men of this kind _ dangerous . （are）注意:由kind, form, type, species, series 等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，而不是他們后面所跟的名詞1. This new type of machine_ now on show. （is）2. Some new forms of art _discussed at the meeting. （were）17、主語是a large/small q

18、uantity of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果是“l(fā)arge (great) quantifies of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）”時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。也就是說謂語動詞隨quantity單復(fù)數(shù)而定 There _a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm （is） Large quantities of water /coal/bricks _needed here （are）18、a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The number of(the

19、variety of.) +名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of workers _out of work. （are） The number of the students in our school _eight thousand. （is）19、兩數(shù)相減或相除,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Sixty minus seventeen _forty-three. (leaves) Six and eight _fourteen. (makes/make)20、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

20、 “The Arabian Nights”_ an interesting story-book. （is） The United states _on the south of Canada. （is）21、名詞性物主代詞作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)指代對象而定 Your shoes are white; Mine _ black. (are) His coat _yellow; Hers_ red. （is）（is）三. 就近一致原則謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語。22、由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，隨后的動詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。