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1、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破專題十二句子的種類考點(diǎn)一肯定句變否定句陳述句是用來(lái)敘述一件事情或表明說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度等的句子。其包括肯定陳述句和否定陳述句??隙ň渥兎穸ň涞姆椒ㄓ校?若句中有be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,則分別在它們的后面加上not。Paul is a doctor.保羅是一名醫(yī)生。Paul isnt a doctor.保羅不是一名醫(yī)生。Jim can swim.吉姆會(huì)游泳。Jim cant swim.吉姆不會(huì)游泳。I will buy a bike.我打算買一輛自行車。I wont buy a bike.我不打算買一輛自行車。2句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),要在行為動(dòng)詞前加dont,doesnt或d

2、idnt,行為動(dòng)詞要用原形。另外,還需要將原句子中的some改為any;too改為either;already改為yet;and改為or。I have some apples,too.我也有一些蘋果。I dont have any apples,either.我也沒(méi)有一些蘋果。考點(diǎn)二一般疑問(wèn)句英語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句四種。所謂一般疑問(wèn)句,就是可以用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句。1肯定式的一般疑問(wèn)句此類一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:“be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他?”。Are you a worker?你是一名工人嗎?Can you dance?你會(huì)跳舞嗎

3、?Do you like Kobe?你喜歡科比嗎?2否定式的一般疑問(wèn)句此類一般疑問(wèn)句主要表示反問(wèn)或驚訝,通常在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞后加not的簡(jiǎn)略式nt,并放在句首。在否定式的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)中,yes應(yīng)翻譯成“不”,no應(yīng)翻譯成“是的”。Arent you a writer?難道你不是作家嗎?No,Im not.是的,我不是??键c(diǎn)三特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞或短語(yǔ)有what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what time,how much,how many,how long等。特殊疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的語(yǔ)序

4、與陳述句的語(yǔ)序相同;當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)詞作句子的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等時(shí),應(yīng)用“疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句”語(yǔ)序。Who will give us a talk?誰(shuí)將給我們作報(bào)告?(作主語(yǔ))When do you get up every day?你每天什么時(shí)候起床?(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)四選擇疑問(wèn)句要求對(duì)方對(duì)兩種或兩種以上的情況進(jìn)行選擇的問(wèn)句,叫做選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句的兩個(gè)供選擇的部分之間用or連接。選擇疑問(wèn)句有兩種:一般選擇疑問(wèn)句和特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no來(lái)回答。Do you like Tom or Jerry?你喜歡湯姆還是杰瑞?I like Jerry.我喜歡杰瑞。Which do you li

5、ke best,apples,oranges or bananas?你最喜歡哪一樣,蘋果、橘子還是香蕉?I like apples best.我最喜歡蘋果??键c(diǎn)五反意疑問(wèn)句1反意疑問(wèn)句的特點(diǎn)反意疑問(wèn)句是由兩部分構(gòu)成的:前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述,后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短的提問(wèn),即“陳述句附加疑問(wèn)句”。反意疑問(wèn)句前后兩部分必須遵循“三同一反”的原則,即:人稱相同,動(dòng)詞相同,時(shí)態(tài)相同,前肯后否,前否后肯。反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)與一般疑問(wèn)句相同,即肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。但注意在回答“前否后肯”的反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),yes譯為“不”,no譯為“是”。Your mother is a worker,isnt she?

6、你的母親是一名工人,是不是?You wont go to the Summer Palace tomorrow,will you?明天你不去頤和園,是嗎?Yes,I will.不,我要去。/No,I wont.是的,我不會(huì)去。2反意疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)的確定(1)陳述部分含有never,few,little,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,too.to.等表示否定意義的詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定形式。There are few people in the room,are there?房間里幾乎沒(méi)有人,是嗎?(2)陳述句部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反問(wèn)疑問(wèn)部分用

7、“be there”。There is an apple tree in front of the building,isnt there?大樓前面有一棵蘋果樹,是嗎?(3)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指事(物)的不定代詞something,anything,everything等時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用it。Something is wrong with your computer,isnt it?你的電腦出毛病了,是嗎?(4)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指人的不定代詞somebody,anybody,everybody等時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)可用he或they,但不可用it來(lái)代替。Somebody wants

8、to see you,doesnt he(dont they)?有人要見(jiàn)你,是嗎?(5)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為this,that等時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用it。類似地,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為these,those等時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用they。This is a beautiful picture,isnt it?這是一幅美麗的圖畫,是嗎?Those arent pear trees,are they?那些不是梨樹,是嗎?(6)若陳述句部分含有否定前綴的詞,如:unhappy,impossible,untrue,dislike等,應(yīng)把陳述句看作肯定句,構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句用否定式。Bo

9、b dislikes volleyball,doesnt he?鮑勃不喜歡排球,是不是?Jenny looks unhappy today,doesnt she?今天珍妮看起來(lái)不高興,是不是?(7)當(dāng)陳述部分為I am 形式時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)該用arent I。Im right,arent I?我是對(duì)的,是嗎?(8)肯定的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句可以用will you或wont you;否定的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用will you。Listen to me carefully,will/wont you?仔細(xì)聽我說(shuō),好嗎?Dont play with fire,will you?不要玩火,好嗎?(9

10、)以lets開頭的祈使句,反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用shall we;以let us開頭的祈使句,反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用will you。Lets go to the park,shall we?讓我們?nèi)ス珗@,好嗎?Let us help you,will you?讓我們來(lái)幫你,好嗎?(10)陳述句部分若為主從復(fù)合句,反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。Jenny said she would come tomorrow,didnt she?詹妮說(shuō)她明天會(huì)來(lái),是嗎?【提醒】 若主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱I/we,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等,則反意疑問(wèn)部分

11、的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與從句一致。(應(yīng)特別注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移的情況)I think Tom is a good student,isnt he?我認(rèn)為湯姆是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,是嗎?We dont think you are right,are you?我們認(rèn)為你不對(duì),是嗎?考點(diǎn)六祈使句祈使句表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、叮囑、建議、請(qǐng)求或命令等。主語(yǔ)you通常省略,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)。表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí),祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。1祈使句的肯定形式(1)動(dòng)詞原形(系動(dòng)詞用be)。Come on!加油!Take care!當(dāng)心!Be careful!小心!(2)動(dòng)詞前加上do加

12、強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,表示“務(wù)必;一定”。Do get up early tomorrow!明天一定要早起!Do look out!千萬(wàn)要小心!(3)Let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(其他成分)。Lets play soccer after school.放學(xué)后我們踢足球吧。Let me have a try again.讓我再試一下吧。2祈使句的否定形式(1)Dont動(dòng)詞原形,表示“不要/禁止”。Dont step on the grass!禁止踐踏草坪!Dont be late for class!上課不要遲到?。?)let開頭的祈使句的否定形式分兩種情況:Dont let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形。Let賓語(yǔ)not動(dòng)詞原形。Do

13、nt let the children play in the street.不要讓孩子們?cè)诖蠼稚贤嫠?。Let the children not play in the street.讓孩子們別在大街上玩耍。Lets not argue about it anymore.我們不要再為了這件事爭(zhēng)吵了。(3)公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中常用“No名詞/動(dòng)名詞”表示“禁止做某事”。No photos!禁止拍照!No talking!禁止喧嘩!3祈使句與簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)“Lets動(dòng)詞原形其他”可轉(zhuǎn)換為“Shall we動(dòng)詞原形其他?”。Lets go fishing this afternoon.

14、Shall we go fishing this afternoon?今天下午我們?nèi)メ烎~吧。(2)“祈使句and/or簡(jiǎn)單句”可轉(zhuǎn)換為含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Use your head,and youll find a way.If you use your head,youll find a way.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋,你會(huì)找到辦法的。Hurry up,or well be late.If we dont hurry,well be late.快點(diǎn)兒,不然我們要遲到了??键c(diǎn)七感嘆句類別結(jié)構(gòu)例句以what引導(dǎo)Whata/anadj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!What a beautiful girl sh

15、e is!多么漂亮的女孩!Whatadj.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!What tall trees they are!多么高的樹!Whatadj.不可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!What bad weather it is today!今天的天氣多么糟糕?。∫詇ow引導(dǎo)Howadj.a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!How clever a boy he is!多么聰明的男孩!Howadj./adv.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!How quickly Tom runs!湯姆跑得真快!考點(diǎn)八倒裝句英語(yǔ)句子的順序一般是主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后。但有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的要求或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)特殊的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,會(huì)把句中的謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面。這種句子叫倒裝句。倒

16、裝句的常見(jiàn)句式:1There be句型There be句型表示“存在”,主語(yǔ)在be的后面。There is some coffee in the cup.杯中有些咖啡。2So(相同時(shí)態(tài))助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ),表示與上文中所述肯定情況相同。通常上下兩句主語(yǔ)不同。Jack likes rice for lunch.杰克午飯喜歡吃米飯。So do I我也是?!咎嵝选俊癝o主語(yǔ)(相同時(shí)態(tài))助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示“確實(shí)如此”,表示對(duì)上文所述情況的認(rèn)可和肯定。通常上下兩句主語(yǔ)相同。Paul likes rice for lunch.保羅午飯喜歡吃米飯。So he does.是啊。(他確實(shí)喜

17、歡)3Neither(相同時(shí)態(tài))助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ),表示與上文中所述否定情況相同。Peter has never been to Japan.杰克從未去過(guò)日本。Neither have I我也沒(méi)去過(guò)。4副詞開頭的倒裝句以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副詞開頭的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞,要用倒裝形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由倒裝句句尾的主語(yǔ)決定。There comes the bus.公交車來(lái)了。Here are the results of the test.測(cè)試結(jié)果出來(lái)了?!咎嵝选?如果主語(yǔ)是代詞,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序保持不變。Here he comes.他來(lái)

18、了。1(2012湖南岳陽(yáng)中考,28)How is the movie“Snow White and the Huntsman”?_wonderful movie it is!AHowBHow aCWhat a2(2012湖南株洲中考,25)_ does your mother watch the Talk Show?Once a week.AHow long BHow often CHow soon3(2012湖南常德中考,26)If it _ fine tomorrow,I will go hiking with you.Ais Bwas Cwill be4(2012湖南常德中考,27)Wo

19、o!_ beautiful Changde is!AHow BWhat CWhat a 5_ keep water running when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hands,Jack.OK.I know we must save every drop(滴) of water.AWhy not BPlease CDont6(2012湖南永州中考,23)_get off the bus before it stops.ADont BDoesnt CDidnt 7(2012廣西柳州中考,34)She is from England,

20、_ she?Aisnt Bwont Chasnt8_ help you with your math,will you?ALets BLet me to CLet us9_ in bed.Its bad for your eyes.ANot to read BDont read CDont to read10He didnt go there yesterday,_ he?Adid Bdoes Cdidnt11_ nice day it is today!Lets go out to play,shall we?Thats a good idea.AHow a BWhat a CHow12He

21、y,Nick._ comes the last bus!Hurry up,or well have to walk home.AThis BThere CThat13_ wonderful news he wrote!All of us were proud of him.AWhat a BWhat CHow14_ great scientist Qian Xuesen is!AHow BWhat CWhat a15He is new here.He has few friends here,_?Ahas he Bdoes he Cdoesnt he16Li Mei usually helps

22、 others,_?Yes,she is kindhearted.Adoes she Bis she Cdoesnt she17You can hardly see anything in the dark room,_ you?Acant Bcan Cdont18You bought a new computer last week,_ you?Aarent Bdont Cdidnt19_ does your school have sports meeting?Twice a year.AHow often BHow soon CHow long20Dont forget to buy m

23、e several pencils,_?Ado you Bwill you Cdont you21Peter,I will visit our teacher this Sunday._.Lets go together.ANor do I BI will so CSo will I22I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean:On Stranger Tides._.ANeither have I BSo have I CNeither I have23My brother and I will go to the library tomo

24、rrow._.Shall we go together?ASo I will BSo do I CSo will I24Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time.How about Tom?_.AHe does so BHe did so CSo did he參考答案 專題十二句子的種類專題提升演練1Cmovie是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,因此用what a進(jìn)行感嘆。2B由答語(yǔ)可知詢問(wèn)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率,故選B項(xiàng)。3Aif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。4A感嘆形容詞beautiful用how。5C祈使句的否定形式為“Dont動(dòng)詞原形”。6A祈使句的否定形式為“Dont動(dòng)詞原形”。7A由陳述部分是肯定句,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞可知答案為A項(xiàng)。8C由反意疑問(wèn)句will you可知不是以lets開頭的祈

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