人教版必修一 Unit 2 3單元語法 課件 4(3)

1、Period 3 Grammar Warming up1.Hesaid:“Iveleftmypeninmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)(把下列直接引語改為間接引語把下列直接引語改為間接引語)SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”1.陳述句的間接引語陳述句的間接引語連接詞用連接詞用that,在在口語中可省略。引述動詞用口語中可省略。引述動

2、詞用said,told,等。等。例如：例如：Hesaid:“Iveleftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom. 復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)律復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)律2.疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接詞用詞用if或或whether，而引述選擇疑問句時，而引述選擇疑問句時只能用只能用whether，引述動詞用，引述動詞用asked，沒，沒有間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語有間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語me,him等。等。例如：例如：ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whether

3、hecouldhelpher. 3.特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序。例如：詞，改為陳述語序。例如： TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit. Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”4.如何變時態(tài)：如何變時態(tài)：直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語一般一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時一般將來時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時如：如

4、：1)Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid.“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。不變化。(1)直接引語是客觀真理。直接引語是客觀真理?！癟heearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheeart

5、h”,theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不時態(tài)不變。變。XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.(3)直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的的, ,習(xí)慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在習(xí)慣性的動

6、作或說話時情況仍然存在的的, ,變間接引語時變間接引語時, , 時態(tài)保持不變。時態(tài)保持不變。 Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.(4).若直接引語中含有若直接引語中含有when,since,while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從句句,變間接引語時變間接引語時,從句時態(tài)不變。如：從句時態(tài)不變。如：Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshew

7、assixyearsold.(5).若直接引語的謂語中含有若直接引語的謂語中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等動詞時。如：等動詞時。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.5.如何變狀語：如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在在規(guī)律規(guī)律，時間狀語由，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在”改為改為“原來原來”例例:now變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hedaybefore,today變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hatd

8、ay。地點狀語地點狀語,尤其表示方向性的尤其表示方向性的,或用指示或用指示代詞修飾的狀語代詞修飾的狀語,由由“此此”改為改為“彼彼”(例例:this改為改為that),如：如：Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化化:thisthat;thesethose;nowthen;yesterdaythedaybefore;todaythatday;tomorrowthenextday;nextweek(month,year)thenextweek(month,year);ag

9、obefore;herethere直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語(二二)祈使句變間接引語的用法祈使句變間接引語的用法1直接引語如果是肯定的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語直接引語如果是肯定的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，必須把謂語動詞變?yōu)閯釉~不定式作賓語補足語，時，必須把謂語動詞變?yōu)閯釉~不定式作賓語補足語，并在動詞不定式之前用并在動詞不定式之前用tell(讓讓)，ask(請請)，order(命命令令)，command(命令命令)，warn(警告警告)，advise(建議建議)等含有祈使意義的動詞。即：等含有祈使意義的動詞。即：tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.。若祈使

10、句為否定式，在動詞不定式之前加若祈使句為否定式，在動詞不定式之前加not。祈使句的間接引語祈使句的間接引語采用采用“動詞動詞+賓語賓語+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.“Hurry up.” he said.He told me to hurry up.He said to them，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.2有些表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語有些表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可以用時，可以用suggest，insist，offer等動詞

11、加以轉(zhuǎn)述，等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時要注意這些詞的固定搭配。此時要注意這些詞的固定搭配。He said，“Lets go to the museum.”He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.如果祈使句是表示如果祈使句是表示請求請求，間接引語的動詞常用，間接引語的動詞常用ask，如果是表示如果是表示命令命令，間接引語的動詞常用，間接引語的動詞常用tell, order, command等。等。3直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語可以用直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語可以用what或或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。She said，“

12、What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.(或：或：She said that it was a lovely day.)注意：有些感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)述要根據(jù)原句的意思采用適注意：有些感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)述要根據(jù)原句的意思采用適當?shù)膭釉~變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。當?shù)膭釉~變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。“Happy New Year！” he said.He wished me a Happy New Year.直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)祈使句祈使句The officer said to him, “Dont leave your

13、post.”不定式不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)Lets開頭的祈使句開頭的祈使句 I said to him, “Lets start at once.”that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)感嘆句感嘆句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的賓語從句Hesaidthathew

14、asveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.例如例如:1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.2.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.例例如：如：Hesaid,Letsgotothefilm.Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.直

15、接引語如果是以直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest+動句詞（或從句）。動句詞（或從句）。”【鏈接訓(xùn)練【鏈接訓(xùn)練】“Dontgiveupthehopebeforeyoureallytryhard.”Samsaid.變變間接引語為間接引語為_A.SamaskedmenottogiveupthehopebeforeIreallytryhard.B.SamtoldmenottogiveupthehopebeforeIreallytriedhard.C.Samaskedmenottogiveupthehopebeforeyo

16、ureallytryhard.DSamtoldmenottogiveupthehopebeforeIreallytryhard.【解析【解析】祈使句變間接引語時常用祈使句變間接引語時常用ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.，注，注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化。意人稱和時態(tài)的變化?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮緽“Will you come here next Sunday？” Sunny asked.變間接引語為變間接引語為 _ASunny told us to come here next Sunday.BSunny told us to go there next Sunday.CSunny asked

17、 if we would go there the next Sunday.DSunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.【解析【解析】一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時常用一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時常用if或或whether引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮緾What did the doctor say?He _ Jim to _ in bed for 2 days.Asaid；lie Badvised；layCadvised；lain Dtold；lie【解析【解析】考查間接引語中動詞的選用及搭配。考查間接引語中動詞的選用及搭配。tell sb. to do st

18、h.“告訴某人做某事告訴某人做某事”；say sb. to do sth.不搭配，所以排除不搭配，所以排除A項；項；advise后雖可接后雖可接sb. to do sth.，但是，但是B項和項和C項的項的lay和和lain都不是躺都不是躺“l(fā)ie”的的原形，所以都被排除掉。原形，所以都被排除掉?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮緿“Be careful with the dog，” said he. He _ me to be careful with the dog.Asaid Bwarned Cbegged Dhoped【解析【解析】考查間接引語的動詞選用。句意為：他告考查間接引語的動詞選用。句意為：他告誡我

19、小心那條狗。誡我小心那條狗。warn是是“告誡，警告，提醒告誡，警告，提醒”的意的意思；思；A項和項和D項搭配不對；項搭配不對；C項的項的beg是是“請求；懇求請求；懇求”的意思，所以也不對，排除掉。的意思，所以也不對，排除掉?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮緽1.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose練一練練一練2.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome

20、;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo3.“Dontputitonmyhat.”hiswifesaidtohim.Hiswifetoldhim_putiton_hat.A.dont,hisB.dont,herC.notto,hisD.notto,her4.RoseaskedTom,“Didyouseemypurse?”RoseaskedTom_.A.whetherthathehadseenherpurseB.whetherhehadseenherpurseC.thatwhetherhehadseenherpurseD.t

21、hatifhehasseenherpurse5.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter解析解析:如果直接引語是如果直接引語是“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”,變間接引語時語序不變。變間接引語時語序不變。6.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaParty

22、memberoraLeaguememberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.解析解析: 選擇疑問句要變成選擇疑問句要變成whether或或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 7.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.

23、hadIalreadygotwell.解析解析:反意疑問句要變成反意疑問句要變成whether或或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.8.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid9.Theboysaid,“MayIgoalongwithyou?”Theboyaskedme_.A.ifImightgoalongwithyouB.ifhemightgoalongwithyouC.ifhemightgoalongwithme D.ifhemightgoalongwiththeb

24、oy10.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z或間接引語。把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z或間接引語。1. “Openthewindow,please.”Mothersaidtome.2.Theteachertoldthestudentnottospeaktohim/herlikethat

25、.“Dontspeaktomelikethat,”theteachersaidtothestudent.Motherasked/toldmetoopenthewindow. 3.“Wouldyoupleasestoptohavearest?”shesaid.4.Heaskedmetolowermyvoice.“Couldyoupleaseloweryourvoice?”hesaid.Sheaskedmetostoptohavearest. Open your books.Please open your books.Can you open your books please?Could /

26、would you please open you books?commandrequest (polite)request (polite)request (polite)Request and commandChange the commands into requests.Close the door!Get me something to drinkTake the dog for a walk!Speak louder!Clean your room.Watch out!Keep silent!LetsdosomeexercisesChange the requests and th

27、e commands into Indirect Speeches“Shut up,” she said to him.He asked her to speak louder.She told her to try the lift.“Dont wait for me,” he said to them.She told him to stop wasting the time.“Can you tell me a story?” the girl asked her father.She told him to shut up.“Speak louder, please,” he said