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1、特殊句式特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略及其他強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略及其他)熱點(diǎn)考向一強(qiáng)調(diào)1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who句子剩余成分(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who/that來連接,強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí)用that。所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語,也可以是從句,但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語,但不能是定語或謂語。It is I who/that am right.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)我才是對(duì)的。It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)我們?cè)趯W(xué)校門口遇到的是他。It was because her mother

2、was ill that she didnt go to work.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)她之所以沒來上班,是因?yàn)樗赣H病了。(2)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句只需把is(was)提前。Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你們英語的是王教授嗎?(3)它的特殊疑問句只需在一般疑問句前加上特殊疑問詞。Who was it that broke the window?打破窗戶的是誰?When was it that you

3、 called me yesterday?你昨天給我打電話是什么時(shí)候?(4)not.until.的強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式:It is/was not until被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他成分。He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night.It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed.他昨晚直到十一點(diǎn)才睡覺。It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨鏡時(shí)

4、,我才認(rèn)出他是一位著名的影星。判斷一個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是其他句型,最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是“還原法”,即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特有結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was.that/who.,若去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后句子仍然成立,那該句型便是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,否則,就可能是其他句型。(1)It was he who did all the cleaning.可以看出,去掉畫線部分的詞,句子仍然成立,故該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。(2)It is a pity that he has failed again.此句中的畫線部分若去掉,句子就不成立了,故該句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。而是it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)真正主語的句型。2. 用助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)態(tài)為一

5、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中的謂語動(dòng)詞,我們?cè)谠搫?dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did。Many of the films are from the USA,but we do give awards to films from other countries.許多電影來自于美國,但我們的確也給其他國家的影片頒獎(jiǎng)。He did come to see you last Sunday,but you were out.他上周日的確來看過你,但是你出去了。 熱點(diǎn)考向二倒裝1. 完全倒裝( 1 ) T h e r e b e 主 語 . . . , 此 結(jié) 構(gòu) 中 的 b e 有 時(shí) 用stand/

6、exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物動(dòng)詞代替There seems to be something wrong with the machine.好像機(jī)器出了點(diǎn)問題。(2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus不及物動(dòng)詞名詞There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall.鈴響了,我們進(jìn)入演講大廳吧。Be quick!Here comes the bus.快點(diǎn),公共汽車來了。(3)Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over不及物動(dòng)詞名詞Out rushed the children.孩子們沖

7、出了教室。Away flew the birds.鳥兒飛走了。(4)介詞短語(表地點(diǎn))不及物動(dòng)詞主語On the wall hang two large portraits.墻上掛著兩張巨幅畫像。(5)表語連系動(dòng)詞主語(表語可以是:形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授,史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。(6)Suchbe主語Such are the facts;no one can deny them.這些就是事實(shí),

8、沒有人可以否認(rèn)。2. 部分倒裝(1)用于以so,nor,neither開頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前句的部分內(nèi)容,須部分倒裝,且此句的謂語應(yīng)與前句的謂語在時(shí)態(tài)/形式上一致,但“so主語do”結(jié)構(gòu)則表示對(duì)別人所說的情況加以肯定,它的主語與上文的主語相同,so相當(dāng)于indeed,certainly。Mary has learned by heart 200 words,and so have I.瑪麗已經(jīng)記住了200個(gè)單詞,我也是這樣。The girls study hard.這些女孩學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。So they do.她們的確如此。(2)表示否定意義的副詞、連詞或短語置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝。這些詞有not,n

9、ever,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,no,nowhere,not only,not until,at no time,by no means,in no way,no sooner.than,hardly.when等。By no means shall we give up.我們決不會(huì)放棄。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情況下中國決不會(huì)第一個(gè)使用核武器。(3)only置于句首修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語)或狀語從句等時(shí)要用部分倒裝。Only after

10、my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友來了之后,電腦才修好。(4)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形as主語)要用部分倒裝。Tired as he was,he stayed up late.他雖然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。Explain as I might,I could not make myself understood.盡管我已經(jīng)解釋了,但我還是不被理解。Child as he is,he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,可他知道很多。(注意開頭的名詞前無冠詞)(5)在so.that,such.that句型中,當(dāng)

11、so,such引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí)要用部分倒裝。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他說話聲音那樣大,隔壁屋里的人都能聽見。(6)在hardly.when,no sooner.than,not until句型中,主句要部分倒裝。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他剛一到,天就下起雪來了。(7)在省略了if的虛擬條件句中,were,had或should置于句首。Were I in your position, I would not g

12、o.我要是在你的位置上,我是不會(huì)去的。(8)however,no matter how引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。However hard he worked,he couldnt solve the problem.不管多努力,他就是解決不了那個(gè)問題。熱點(diǎn)考向三省略句1. 狀語從句的省略(1)在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中,如果謂語含有動(dòng)詞be,主語又與主句的主語一致或主語是it時(shí),主謂均可以省略。時(shí)間狀語從句:Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.地點(diǎn)狀語從句:Fill in the blanks with articles where(i

13、t is)necessary.條件狀語從句:She wont come to the party unless(she is)invited.方式狀語從句:I wonder why he didnt do as(he was)told to.比較狀語從句:It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.讓步狀語從句:Though(they were)tired,they went on walking.(2)狀語從句省略主語時(shí),其后用現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動(dòng)詞與省略的主語是主謂關(guān)系,用過去分詞則表示為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Be careful when(you are)

14、crossing the street.過馬路的時(shí)候一定要小心。Once(he/she is)burnt,a child dare not touch the fire again.一個(gè)孩子一旦被燒傷,就不敢再碰火了。 2. 答語中的省略Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so或not分別等于肯定或否定,賓語從句可省去。Do you think it will rain?你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎?I hope not(that it will not rain)我希望不下。Do you believe our team will win?你

15、相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎?I guess so.我猜會(huì)贏。3. 不定式中“to”的省略(1)感官動(dòng)詞(see,feel,hear,notice,watch,observe,listen to等)和使役動(dòng)詞(let,make,have)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),省略to,但在被動(dòng)式中不能省略(let除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.我聽見有人在隔壁唱歌。The thief was noticed to slip into the room.有人注意到這個(gè)賊溜進(jìn)了房間。(2)動(dòng)詞help和介詞but,except后的不定式作賓語時(shí),有時(shí)必須省略to。He

16、will help me(to)work out the problem.他將幫助我解決這個(gè)問題。He did nothing but wait all the time.他除了一直等毫無辦法。若句中but/except前無do/does/did,則to不能省略。He has no choice but to wait.他除了等毫無選擇。 (3)不定式作表語時(shí),若主語為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,不定代詞all作主語被定語從句修飾或后有定語從句修飾的“the.thing”作主語時(shí),如果其前出現(xiàn)過do的各種形式,不定式中“to”可以省去。What he can do is(to)wait.The o

17、nly thing he could do was(to)wait.All that he can do is(to)wait.(4)固定結(jié)構(gòu)或句型中常省去“to”。cant(help)but do.;why not do.;prefer to do.rather than do.;I would prefer to swim rather than play football.比起踢足球我更喜歡游泳。4. 虛擬語氣中if和should的省略(1)在條件從句中,將助動(dòng)詞提到句首,省去if。If we had known about the plans for the factory,we wo

18、uld never have bought the house.Had we known about the plans for the factory,we would never have bought the house.如果我們知道這個(gè)工廠的計(jì)劃,我們就不會(huì)買這座房子。If I were you,I would not do it like that.Were I you,I would not do it like that.如果我是你,我不會(huì)那樣做。(2)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句中省略should。The workers demanded that their wages(s

19、hould)be increased.工人們要求提高工資。類似的動(dòng)詞還有:suggest,advise,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,command,recommend等。It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark.我們被要求天黑前到達(dá)。It is necessary that he(should)know it.他有必要知道這件事。My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once.我建議我們馬上參觀展

20、覽。5. 英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu)(1)在以if,when,though,as if(好像)等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,如果主句主語和從句主語一致,且從句謂語中含有動(dòng)詞be,或者從句為it is結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),從句往往使用省略的形式。If(it is)necessary,we shall send a telegram home.如有必要,我們就往家里打電報(bào)。Whenever(it is)possible,he will come to my help.他一有可能就來幫助我。While(you are)cycling,dont forget the traffic lights.騎車時(shí),不要忘記看紅綠燈

21、。(2)由固定詞組引導(dǎo)的疑問句。What about having a game of chess?下盤棋怎么樣?How come they left you alone here?他們?cè)趺磿?huì)把你一人留在這里呢?What if its raining?如果天下雨怎么辦?Why not try again?為什么不再試試呢?(3)在口語中,為了避免重復(fù),不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形而只留下不定式符號(hào)to。He may leave if he wishes to.他可以走,如果他愿意的話。Dont go till I tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。熱點(diǎn)考向四感嘆句感嘆句常用的

22、七大句型(1)How形容詞/副詞主語謂語!How high the mountain is!這山多高?。ow fast he is running!他跑得多快??!(2)How形容詞a/an單數(shù)名詞主語謂語!How difficult a problem it is!這個(gè)問題好難??!(3)How主語謂語!How time flies!時(shí)光飛逝!(4)Whata/an形容詞單數(shù)名詞主語謂語!What a clever boy he is!他是多么聰明的一個(gè)孩子??!(5)What形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語!What sweet water it is!這水是多么甜?。?6)What形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語

23、謂語!What beautiful flowers these are!這些花是多么漂亮??!(7)What名詞主語謂語!What news it is!這是多么好的消息??!1. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _(the patients, treat) properly in this hospital.答案:can the patients be treated解析:當(dāng)“only狀語”位于句首時(shí),主句采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2. The driver wanted to park his car near the ro

24、adside but was asked by the police _.答案:not to解析:句意:這個(gè)司機(jī)想要把車子??吭诼愤?,但是警察不讓他將車停在那兒。本題考查省略句。根據(jù)固定表達(dá)be asked(not)to do sth.。為避免重復(fù),否定形式的省略用not to。3. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless _(accompany) by an adult.答案:accompanied解析:考查省略。句意:校規(guī)規(guī)定,任何孩子在白天

25、都不允許出校門,除非有大人陪同。unless accompanied是unless they are accompanied的省略形式。4. “Never for a second,” the boy says, “_(I, doubt) that my father would come to my rescue.”答案:did I doubt解析:句意:那個(gè)男孩說:“我一刻都沒有懷疑過我父親會(huì)來救我?!北绢}考查時(shí)態(tài)和倒裝。否定意義的詞(主語除外)位于句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝,根據(jù)句意可知說的是過去的事情。5. Not until he went through real hardship _

26、(he, realize) the love we have for our families is important.答案:did he realize解析:句意:直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難,才意識(shí)到我們熱愛家人的重要性。本題考查倒裝句?!癗ot until.”置于句首,主句需要部分倒裝,分析題干可知,主句與從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但是不強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的先后順序,所以用過去時(shí)。6. At no time _(they, break)the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.答案:did they break解析:句意:他們從未違反比賽規(guī)定,懲罰他們不公平??疾榈寡b。題干中表示否定意義的At no time置于句首,句子應(yīng)該部分倒裝,又根據(jù)題干中的was可

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